Patho Ch. 27 - Intrarenal Disorders

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is a. acute glomerulonephritis. b. polycystic kidney disease. c. cystitis. d. renal insufficiency.

a. acute glomerulonephritis.

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is a. infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to a urinary tract infection. b. immune system damage to the glomeruli. c. hydronephrosis resulting from kidney stones. d. Streptococcus infection that migrates from the bloodstream to the glomerulus.

b. immune system damage to the glomeruli.

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is a. renal ischemia. b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus. c. an anaphylactic reaction. d. an immune complex reaction.

d. an immune complex reaction.

A common component of renal calculi is a. calcium. b. cholesterol. c. creatinine. d. urobilirubin.

a. calcium.

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience a. fever. b. oliguria. c. edema. d. hypertension.

a. fever.

Risk factors for renal carcinoma include (Select all that apply.) a. genetics. b. hypotension. c. cigarette smoking. d. obesity. e. chemicals.

a. genetics. c. cigarette smoking. d. obesity. e. chemicals.

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids. b. lipids are not excreted in the urine. c. body fats are catabolized. d. muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy.

a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is a. pain. b. vomiting. c. hematuria. d. oliguria.

a. pain.

The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of ________ kidney stones. a. struvite b. calcium oxalate c. uric acid d. cystine

a. struvite

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is a. urinary retention and reflux. b. nephrotic syndrome. c. respiratory disease. d. glomerulonephritis.

a. urinary retention and reflux.

Renal stone formation is affected by (Select all that apply.) a. urine concentration. b. urine PH. c. metabolic/congenital conditions. d. dietary intake e. potassium level

a. urine concentration. b. urine PH. c. metabolic/congenital conditions. d. dietary intake

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse responds a. "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored." b. "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." c. "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored." d. "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored."

b. "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored."

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is a. Streptococcus. b. Escherichia coli. c. Klebsiella. d. Enterobacter.

b. Escherichia coli.

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because a. hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis. b. albumin is excreted in the urine. c. albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces. d. malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome.

b. albumin is excreted in the urine.

The most common type of renal stone is a. uric acid. b. calcium. c. struvite. d. cysteine.

b. calcium.

The manifestations of acute pyelonephritis (Select all that apply.) a. are mild and insidious. b. can result in dehydration. c. often include symptoms of lower urinary tract infection. d. include fever, chills, and costovertebral angle tenderness. e. may include urosepsis.

b. can result in dehydration. c. often include symptoms of lower urinary tract infection. d. include fever, chills, and costovertebral angle tenderness. e. may include urosepsis.

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is a. positive family history. b. dehydration. c. smoking. d. drinking alcohol.

b. dehydration.

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is a. kidney stone formation. b. hydronephrosis. c. dilation of the urethra. d. anuria.

b. hydronephrosis.

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called a. nephritic. b. nephralgia. c. nephrotic. d. nephronitis.

b. nephralgia.

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include a. anuria. b. proteinuria. c. red blood cell casts in the urine. d. foul-smelling urine.

b. proteinuria.

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is a. oliguria. b. renal colic. c. urge incontinence. d. an abdominal mass.

b. renal colic.

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, "What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that a. his glomeruli have been damaged by his own immune system. b. the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. c. his liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein. d. his renal tubules are full of cellular debris.

b. the glomerular membrane has increased permeability.

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is a. pneumonia. b. throat infection. c. endocarditis. d. urinary tract infection.

b. throat infection.

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include a. bacteria in the urine. b. intermittent urinary colic. c. hematuria. d. red blood cell casts in the urine.

c. hematuria.

Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause a. hyperlipidemia. b. proteinuria. c. hematuria. d. generalized edema.

c. hematuria.

The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the a. woman who is paraplegic. b. woman who is pregnant. c. man who has glomerulonephritis. d. man who has chronic urinary tract infections

d. man who has chronic urinary tract infections

Glomerular disorders include a. pyelonephritis. b. obstructive uropathy. c. interstitial cystitis. d. nephrotic syndrome.

d. nephrotic syndrome.

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ______ in the urine. a. blood b. sodium c. glucose d. protein

d. protein

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is a. hematuria. b. bacteriuria. c. glycosuria. d. proteinuria.

d. proteinuria.

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be a. potassium oxalate. b. struvite. c. cysteine. d. uric acid crystals.

d. uric acid crystals.