Patho Ch 27 NCLEX
A client with a history of acute coronary syndrome asks why she needs to take aspirin 81 mg every day. The most appropriate response by the nurse would be:
"Aspirin will help prevent blood clotting"
A 75-year-old client is being evaluated for heart failure. Which questions will the nurse ask to confirm common signs and symptoms observed in older adults experiencing heart failure? Select all that apply.
"Do you easily get tired?", "Do you have swelling in your ankles?", "Are you feeling depressed?", "Do you get up often during the night to urinate?"
The nurse is monitoring hourly urine output of a client diagnosed with hypovolemic shock. The nurse is most concerned if the client's output is:
20 mL/hour
What is the most common identifiable cause of secondary cardiomyopathy?
Alcohol abuse
The nurse is preparing to auscultate for a mitral valve stenosis murmur. Where is the best location to place the stethoscope?
At the apex of the heart
A client has developed constrictive pericarditis and myocardial hypertrophy. Select the most likely cause.
Diastolic dysfunction
When an acute event occurs and the circulatory system can no longer provide the body with adequate perfusion of its tissues and organs, cellular hypoxia occurs and the body goes into shock. What are the causes of shock in the human body? Select all that apply.
Hypovolemia, obstruction of blood flow, maldistribution of blood flow
The health care team is developing a plan of care for a client diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF). The primary treatment goal would be:
Improving quality of life by relieving symptoms
Exudate in the pericardial cavity is a characteristic of which cardiac condition?
Pericardial effusion
A 62-year-old female client presents to the emergency department and is diagnosed with acute heart failure syndrome. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect?
Productive cough with frothy sputum
A preventive measure to decrease the risk of developing rheumatic heart disease includes:
Prompt diagnosis of streptococcal infections with a throat culture
In distributive shock, there are abnormalities in vascular resistance. Which types of shock display the same distributive pattern? Select all that apply.
Septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic
Which serum biomarker is highly specific for myocardial tissue?
Troponin
The nurse is caring for a client with chronic heart failure. Which drug category may be pescribed for acute heart failure to improve heart performance by decreasing preload?
Vasodilator drugs like nitroprusside
What is the most important factor in myocardial oxygen demand?
Heart rate
The nurse has just completed teaching a client about acyanotic congenital heart disease. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the client states the blood is shunted to which part of the body?
Left side of the heart to the right side of the heart
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client diagnosed with stable angina. Select the most important goal for this client.
Myocardial infarction prevention
The diagnosis is hypovolemic shock. The nurse knows that causes of hypovolemic shock include which of the following? Select all that apply.
Severe dehydration, severe burns, 15% blood loss volume
A client with a known history of intravenous drug abuse has been diagnosed with infective endocarditis. Select the most likely cause of infection.
Staphylococcus aureus
A child is suspected to have heart failure. The nurse knows that which statements regarding heart failure in children are most accurate? Select all that apply.
Symptoms include tachypnea and tachycardia., Inotropic agents such as digoxin may be used in children., Congenital defects are a risk factor.