Patho Ch 41 NCLEX

The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin has to be given by injection. The best response by the nurse is:

"Insulin is destroyed by the stomach contents and has to be administered by injection."

Which statement best describes a secondary disorder of endocrine function?

The disorder occurs when the target organ is normal, but stimulating hormones alter its function.

The nurse is working in a pediatric clinic. Which child would the nurse recognize as having isosexual precocious puberty?

A 5-year-old black female with developing breasts and pubic hair

The health care provider is reviewing diurnal variation pattern in adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) levels. Select the typical diurnal variation pattern in adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) levels.

ACTH peaks in the morning and declines throughout the day.

A 48-year-old male client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes presents with the following: • Blood glucose level of 46 mg/dL (2.55 mmol/L) • Very lethargic • Has cool, clammy skin. Select the most appropriate intervention.

Administer injectable glucagon

The health care provider is teaching a client about the metabolic effect of cortisol. The most appropriate information to provide would be:

Breakdown of proteins and fats

Which complication of acromegaly can be life threatening?

Cardiac structures increase in size

Which disorder is a result of excess cortisol?

Cushing syndrome

A client with a suspected diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism would most likely demonstrate which serum laboratory value?

Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and decreased thyroxine (T4)

Management of hyperthyroidism would include which interventions? Select all that apply.

Eradication of the gland with radioactive iodine, Surgical removal of part of the gland or the entire gland, Drug therapy directed toward decreasing the gland's function

A 25-year-old female client exhibits exophthalmos of both eyes. The health care provider recognizes this as a manifestation of:

Graves disease

Which interventions would be included in the plan of care for a client experiencing myxedema coma? Select all that apply.

Initiation of thyroid replacement therapy, Oxygen therapy to support ineffective respirations, Reversal of hypoglycemia, Frequent monitoring of cardiac functions

Select the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach a client diagnosed with distal symmetric neuropathy related to diabetes.

Inspect the feet for blisters daily

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes would be confirmed by which principle?

Insulin is not available for use by the body.

A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about the importance of blood glucose control to decrease the risk of which potential chronic complications of diabetes? Select all that apply.

Nephropathy, Gastroparesis, Neuropathy, Retinopathy

The nurse is assessing a female client with a diagnosis of primary adrenal cortical insufficiency. Which manifestation should the nurse anticipate?

Sparse axillary and pubic hair

A client is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS) of 80 mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L) and a hemoglobin A1C of 5% (.05). Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse assume?

The client is achieving normal glycemic control.

The nurse is educating a newly diagnosed client with Hashimoto thyroiditis who is to be discharged from the acute care facility. What should the nurse be sure to include in the education to prevent complications?

The client should be informed about the signs and symptoms of severe hypothyroidism and the need for early intervention

Which manifestations regarding hypothyroidism are accurate? Select all that apply.

Weight gain, Onset of symptoms is gradual, Anorexia

A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has been instructed about managing his condition with diet. Which statements by the client indicate a need for additional education? Select all that apply.

"I need to carefully limit my protein consumption.", "I must avoid all candies and cookies, but can eat unlimited amounts of pasta and breads."