Patho Chapter 2 Study Book

Behavioral indicators that coping is ineffective include all of the following except: (a) sleeping more (b) major depression (c) inability to concentrate (d) anorexia

(a) sleeping more

Both the ____ and ____ arms of the immune system are suppressed by chronic or prolonged stress.

1. Cellular 2. humoral

____ _____ are an individual's behavioral adaptations to reduce feelings of distress.

Coping mechanisms

A stressor that stimulates the release of endorphins in the central nervous system is likely to be interpreted as:

Pleasurable

Most homeostatic feedback mechanisms function on the principle of negative feedback.(T/F)

True

The release of catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone during an acute stress response is helpful because they all increase blood ____ levels to support brain metabolism.

glucose

Growth hormone release is increased by stress, and one of its effects is

increased glucose availability

Indicators that a person who is experiencing stress has achieved resistance include: (a) heart rate returned to baseline (b) heart rate returned to baseline (c) sleepiness (d) absence of catecholamine secretion

(b)heart rate returned to baseline

Which of the following findings would indicate that a patient may be experiencing a "fight or flight" reaction to a stressor? (a) constricted pupils (b) low blood pressure (c) increased heart rate (d) frequent

(c) increased heart rate

Cortisol: (a) is released from the anterior pituitary gland (b) has an anabolic effect on somatic muscle (c) promotes the creation of glucose from amino acids (d) increases lactate formation

(c) promotes the creation of glucose from amino acids

The biopsychosocial process of change in response to stress is called ____, whereas ____ is usually used for specific behavioral response to stress.

1. adaptation 2. coping

Although the central nervous system is known to affect the immune system through various neurotransmitters, the immune system does not affect the central nervous system. (T/F)

False

Antidiuretic hormone is released during stress and serves to increase urine output and reduce blood pressure. (T/F)

False

The goal in caring for patients with stress-related conditions is to eliminate stress.

False

Most individuals will respond to an identical stressful situation in a similar physiologic manner. (T/F)

False, everyone responds differently

Homeostasis is a physiologic condition in which all systems are functioning at the ideal level. (T/F)

False, it is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment

Sylye's three phases of the stress response include alarm, initiation, and resistance. (T/F)

False, they include alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Desensitization involves altering how the ___ responds to selected perceived threats.

Hypothalamus

Adaptation to stress is unsuccessful when homeostasis is not maintained or restored. (T/F)

True

Allostatic overload can result in physical and/or psychosocial dysfunction.

True

Cortisol is released during the stress response and serves to make glucose available to the brain. (T/F)

True

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are catecholamines released by the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla in response to stress.

True

Homeostatic regulation of the stress response is termed allostatis. (T/F)

True

Hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex, lymphoid atrophy, and stomach ulceration are features of Selye's general adaptation syndrome.(T/F)

True

Many of signs and symptoms of an acute response to stress are attributable to activation of the sympathetic nervous system. (T/F)

True

The excessive release of cortisol in response to allostatic overload tends to suppress the immune system.(T/F)

True

Most of the detrimental effects of chronic stress are attributed by dysregulation of the hormone ___.

cortisol

A moderate amount of stress is helpful in learning and consolidation of ____.

memory

The three major body systems involved in the stress response are:

nervous, endocrine, and immune

The effects of gender on the stress response are

related to the effect of sex hormones

Several hormones are released during stress and serve to increase blood glucose levels. These include all of the following except: (a) cortisol (b) growth hormone (c) epinephrine (d) testosterone

testosterone

_____ are chemicals released by the brain that cause euphoria, sedation, and elevation of the pain threshold.

Endorphins

In which of Selye's stages of stress response owuld be a patient be if he or she were experiencing gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer disease?

Exhaustion