Patho elsevier quiz respiratory/musculoskeletal

Which rationale would the nurse use when explaining the purpose of pursed-lip breathing to a client with emphysema?

Decreases air trapping in the lungs

Which assessment findings would the nurse identify in a client with clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? (Select all that apply)

Development of antinuclear antibodies Inflammatory disease pattern Bilateral involvement of metacarpophalangeal joints

The parents of an adolescent child with cystic fibrosis should be alert for which potential complications of CF? (Select all that apply)

Diabetes Nasal polyps Prolapsed rectum Pulmonary infections

Which pathophysiological abnormality is present in cystic fibrosis?

Dysfunction of mucus-secreting glands

Which pathophysiological process would the nurse recognize as leading to the clinical manifestations commonly seen in cystic fibrosis?

Excessively thick mucus obstructs airways

The nurse is caring for a school-age child with cystic fibrosis. Which pathophysiologic factor has the greatest effect on the child's health status?

Extremely thick mucus causing obstructed airways

Which factor contributes to the incidence of hip fracture in older adults?

Fragility of bones

Which phrase describes a greenstick fracture?

Incomplete with one side bent

Which finding indicates that hard nodules on the clients pinna are most likely tophi?

Increased uric acid levels in the blood

A client with a femoral fracture and osteomyelitis is immobilized for 3 weeks. Which rationale explains the nurse's plan to assess for the development of renal calculi?

Lack of weight bearing activity promotes bone demineralization

Which foods would the nurse teach the client who has gout to avoid? (Select all that apply)

Liver Shellfish

Which assessment findings are systemic manifestations of acute osteomyelitis? (Select all that apply)

Malaise Restlessness Night sweats

When a client with pneumonia is experiencing dyspnea because of difficulty expectorating thick respiratory secretions, which action by the nurse will be most helpful

Offer fluids at frequent intervals

When teaching a client about their disease process, which term would the nurse use to describe bone loss greater than normal but less than that caused by osteoporosis?

Osteopenia

What information should be considered before replying to the parents of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) who ask why a glucose tolerance test is needed?

Pancreatic scarring predisposes the child to diabetes

Parents whose child has cystic fibrosis have no history of CF in their family and ask how their child inherited this disorder. How would the nurse clarify the way in which the disease was inherited?

The inheritance is autosomal recessive

Which statement describes scoliosis?

There is a rotary deformity of the lateral curvature of the spine

Why are children with cystic fibrosis (CF) often small and underdeveloped compared with children without CF?

These children digest little food because pancreatic enzymes are blocked

A child with cystic fibrosis has recurrent episodes of bronchitis and the parents ask why this happens. Which reason would the nurse include in the reply?

Tenacious secretions that obstruct the respiratory tract provide a favorable medium for growth of bacteria

A 30-month-old boy with cystic fibrosis is small for his age. Which pathologic process would cause the small stature?

An absence of pancreatic enzymes

The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted to the hospital with severe dyspnea and a diagnosis of cancer of the lung. Which etiology is the probable cause of the severe dyspnea?

Bronchial obstruction or pleural effusion

Which risk would the nurse monitor when providing care for a client with scoliosis of the thoracic spine and lumbar spine?

Cardiac function impairment

An adolescent with Duchenne muscular dystrophy has received care at the pediatric clinic since early childhood. On which body system would the nurse perform a focused assessment to identify life-threatening complications as the child ages?

Cardiopulmonary

The nurse is counseling the parents of a 12-year-old child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy about problems that may develop during adolescence. Which body system will the nurse expect to be affected?

Cardiopulmonary

Which factor contributes to development of osteoporosis in female clients? ( Select all that apply)

Cigarette smoking Familial predisposition Inadequate intake of dietary calcium

A client who has severe back pain is found to have a vertebral compression fracture. Which cause of fracture would the nurse consider when planning interventions?

Collapse of the vertebral bodies

While assessing an immobilized client, the nurse notes that the client has shortened muscles over a joint, preventing full extension. Which is this condition known as?

Contracture

A client who experienced extensive burns is receiving intravenous fluids to replace fluid loss. The nurse would monitor for which initial symptom of fluid overload?

Crackles in the lungs

Thick mucous gland secretions, elevated sweat electrolytes, meconium ileus, and difficulty maintaining and gaining weight are associated with which autosomal recessive disorder?

Cystic fibrosis

Which clinical indicator suggests to the nurse that a client may be experiencing a complication of fractured ribs?

Diminished breath sounds on the affected side

For which conditions is obesity a known risk factor? (Select all that apply)

Gout Gallbladder disease Diverticular disease

Which finding would the nurse expect to identify in a client who has osteoarthritis that would not be present in clients with rheumatoid arthritis?

Heberden nodes

The nurse is completing the health history of a client admitted to the hospital with osteoarthritis. Which joint would the nurse expect the client to report as having been involved first? (Select all that apply)

Hips Knees

The nurse is teaching the client about dietary control of gout. Which statement made by the client indicates successful learning?

I will avoid eating shellfish

For a client receiving mechanical ventilation, which assessment finding would alert the nurse to the client experiencing poor oxygenation?

Increased restlessness

Which factor explains why a client who experiences an acute episode of rheumatoid arthritis has swollen finger joints?

Inflammation in the joints synovial lining

A client is hospitalized with emphysema. The nurse recognizes the importance of assessing for clinical indicators of hypoxia based on which condition is associated with the disease?

Loss of aerating surface

Which factor would the nurse identify as the usual cause of a client developing aseptic necrosis after a fracture of the femoral head?

Loss of blood supply to the head of the femur

Which finding would the nurse expect when assessing a client with cor pulmonale?

Lower extremity edema

The nurse instructs a client to breathe deeply to open collapsed alveoli. Which explanation could the nurse offer to explain the relationship between alveoli and improved oxygenation?

Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveolar membrane

Which type of acid-base imbalance would the nurse expect in a child admitted with severe asthma exacerbation?

Respiratory acidosis caused by impaired respiration and increased formation of carbonic acid

Which change in the arterial blood gases would the nurse expect in a client with hyperventilation due to anxiety?

Respiratory alkalosis

An infant with cardiopulmonary disease displays signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Which condition would the nurse anticipate when planning care?

Respiratory syncytial virus infection

A client has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To decrease the risk of CO2 intoxication (CO2 narcosis), which would the nurse do?

Administer oxygen at a low concentration to maintain respiratory drive

Which conditions may result from immunoglobulin IgE antibodies on mast cells reacting with antigens? (Select all that apply)

Asthma Hay fever

During a chest assessment of a client with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the nurse hears bilateral short, discontinuous, high-pitched sounds in the lower lung lobes. The sounds are similar to hair rolled between the fingers just behind the ear. Which respiratory disorders may also manifest these sounds as pathophysiological sign? ( Select all that apply)

Atelectasis Pulmonary edema

The parents of a toddler with newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis ask the nurse whats causes the problems related to this disorder. Which alteration would the nurse consider about the primary pathologic process before responding?

Mechanical obstruction of mucus-secreting glands

A client experiences a lateral crushing chest injury. Assessment findings include obvious right-sided paradoxical motion of the chest and multiple rib fractures, resulting in a flail chest. The nurse would monitor the client for which complication?

Mediastinal shift

The nurse is caring for a client who may have Paget's disease and osteomalacia. Elevation of which laboratory tests would confirm the nurse's suspicion? ( Select all that apply)

Serum calcium Alkaline phosphatase

A client sustains a crushing injury to the lower left leg, and a below-the-knee amputation is performed. For which common clinical manifestation of a pulmonary embolus would the nurse assess for in this client? (Select all that apply)

Sharp chest pain Acute onset of dyspnea

The nurse is planning personal protective equipment for a client who is homeless and who is hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal. The nurse recalls that is population is at risk for which condition?

Tuberculosis

Which physiologic response to bronchiolitis would the nurse expect to observe in the pediatric intensive care unit? (Select all that apply)

Wheezing Sternal retractions Nasal flaring Prolonged expiratory phase

A male adolescent with cystic fibrosis, whose parents are both carriers of the disease, asks the nurse, "When I have children, could they have cystic fibrosis like me?" Which information would the nurse consider before responding?

Men with cystic fibrosis usually are sterile, although sexual function is not affected