patho exam 3

The nurse in the urology office recognizes screening men at risk for prostate cancer includes which diagnostic measures?

Blood level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

An extremely lethargic client arrives by ambulance at the emergency department. His blood glucose level is 32 mg/dL (1.78 mmol/L). The nurse will anticipate that this client will be diagnosed with:

Hypoglycemia

What is the usual cause of acute pyelonephritis?

Infection

A client is diagnosed with acute renal injury. The nurse will evaluate the client for which possible causes of this disorder? Select all that apply.

Ischemic injury Nonischemic reduced renal blood flow Obstruction of urinary outflow Nephrotoxic substances

As part of maintaining homeostasis, why are hormones, secreted by endocrine cells, continuously inactivated?

Prevent accumulation

Which substance would not be found in glomerular filtrate?

Protein

The nurse recognizes that acute renal injury is characterized by which of the following?

Rapid decline in renal function

The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with Graves disease who has ophthalmopathy. What should the nurse be sure to include in the instructions to decrease exacerbation of this clinical manifestation?

The client should be strongly urged not to smoke.

A medical client's routine urinalysis includes the following data:Casts: positiveRed blood cells: negativeCrystals: negativeWhite blood cells: negativeEpithelial cells: fewWhich interpretation of these findings is the most plausible?

The client's urine contains excessive protein.

A client has a postvoid residual (PVR) volume of 250 mL. Which information would the nurse tell the client?

"This value indicates you are having difficulty emptying your bladder."

The results of a 44-year-old obese man's recent diagnostic workup have culminated in a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Which pathophysiologic process underlies the client's new diagnosis?

Beta cell exhaustion due to long-standing insulin resistance

The nurse caring for four male clients recognizes which client is at highest risk for developing postrenal kidney failure?

Client with prostatic hyperplasia

Which criterion about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

Complete failure of insulin secretion

While studying about the process of urination, the nursing student learns that which muscle is known as the "muscle of micturition"?

Detrusor muscle

Manifestations of childhood renal disease are varied and may differ from adult-onset renal failure. A school-aged child with chronic kidney disease may exhibit which manifestation?

Developmental delays such as uncoordinated gait and minimal fine motor skills

An older adult with urge incontinence and overactive bladder begins medication treatment with oxybutynin. Which side effects would the nurse include in the education?

Dry mouth and constipation are common.

A 10-year-old girl has developed a lower urinary tract infection (UTI). Which symptoms does the nurse correlate with this diagnosis in the older child? Select all that apply.

Enuresis Dysuria Suprapubic discomfort

A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage renal failure who has symptoms of anemia. The nurse anticipates administering which intervention to increase red blood cell production?

Epoetin alfa

When caring for the client with proteinuria, the nurse recognizes that dysfunction in which structure of the kidney allows protein to leak into the urine?

Glomerulus

The nurse is performing an assessment for a client who has hyperthyroidism that is untreated. When obtaining vital signs, what is the expected finding?

Heart rate 110 and bounding

A client comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that he was playing soccer and was kicked in the scrotal area on the right side. The nurse observes that the scrotal skin on the right side is dark red. What should the nurse suspect this client may have?

Hematocele

When hypofunction of an endocrine organ is suspected, which type of diagnostic test can be administered to measure and assess target gland response?

Hormone stimulation

What is the most common mechanism of hormone control?

Negative feedback

In hypospadias, the treatment of choice is surgery to repair the defect. What influences the timing of the surgical repair? Select all that apply.

Penile size Psychological effects on the child Anesthetic risk

A nurse is caring for a client in spinal shock. Which intervention is appropriate in relation to the client's urinary status?

Perform intermittent catheterization

While assessing a peritoneal dialysis client in the home, the nurse notes that the fluid draining from the abdomen is cloudy, is white in color, and contains a strong odor. The nurse suspects this client has developed a serious complication known as:

Peritonitis

The GFR is considered to be the best measure of renal function. What is used to estimate the GFR?

Serum creatinine

An adolescent boy asks the nurse what increases the secretion of growth hormone (GH). Which response by the nurse is best?

Starvation

Which physiologic process best exemplifies a positive feedback mechanism?

The increase in prolactin secretion that occurs with more frequent breast-feeding

The older adult client tells the health care provider about experiencing incontinence ever since starting diuretic therapy 2 weeks ago. What term should the provider document in the medical record related to the type of incontinence?

Transient

Which complication is associated with prostatic hyperplasia?

Urine retention

A child has been brought to an urgent care clinic. The parents state that the child is "not making water." When taking a history, the nurse learns the child had a sore throat about 1 week ago but seems to have gotten over it. "We [parents] only had to give antibiotics for 3 days for the throat to be better." The nurse should suspect the child has developed:

acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis.

The nurse is evaluating the urinalysis results of a client presenting with polyuria and lower abdominal pain due to a suspected urinary tract infection. Which finding should the nurse expect?

increased nitrites

When comparing the endocrine and nervous system functions, the nurse knows that the endocrine system:

releases hormones into the blood that is transported throughout the body. glands are widely scattered throughout the body. takes longer to respond to innervations but has prolonged actions when they arrive.

A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. The client asks the nurse what diffuse means. The nurse responds:

"All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved."

Two types of imaging studies are useful when dealing with endocrine disorders, isotopic imaging and nonisotopic imaging. What is an example of isotopic imaging?

positron emission tomography (PET)