PATHO Prep U: Chapter 49

It is suspected that a client has osteomalacia. What should the nurse teach the client about potential causes of this condition?

"Insufficient calcium absorption and phosphate deficiency are the causes."

What information would the nurse include when teaching potential parents about prevention of congenital deformities? Select all that apply.

"Limit exposure to alcohol." "Do not take any medication without first talking to your health care provider."

A client with osteomalacia asks, "How can I be deficient in vitamin D?" Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"Tell me about your typical daily food intake."

A couple has just learned their neonate is diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta, and they ask, "What caused our child to get this disease?" What should the health care provider teach the couple about their neonate's condition?

"This is something that your child may have inherited from one or both or you."

Which child requires further assessment of potential abnormalities?

A child who is walking but has external rotations of the feet

What is the definition of a congenital deformity?

Abnormalities present at birth

Adult rickets can result from several disorders. It can also have a pharmacologic basis for its onset. Which medication can cause rickets in an adult?

Aluminum-sparing antacids

Which best describes metatarsus adductus?

An adducted forefoot that gives the foot a kidney-shaped appearance

A child presents to the emergency room with suspected trauma to the growth plate in the ankle during a soccer game. Which step is the best intervention?

Assess the child for pain and prepare for diagnostic studies.

Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. Why is it first noticed?

Because of the deformity it causes

A child has been diagnosed with myopathic neuromuscular scoliosis. What other concurrent diagnosis may the child have?

Cerebral palsy

The older adult client tells the nurse that she believes she is getting shorter. The nurse explains to the client that height loss is caused by which occurrence with aging?

Compression of the vertebral column

A nurse is evaluating a client's response to instruction about exercise. Which level of activity meets the recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for a client who is 75 years old?

Daily walking and weight training with a heart rate of 90

Which cardiovascular response will the nurse assess in order to determine that a client has activity intolerance?

Dyspnea during activity

A nursing student who is studying about disorders of the skeletal system is heard making the following statement, "Many skeletal disorders of early infancy are caused by intrauterine positions and need to be surgically fixed." Is this statement true or false?

FALSE

What should the nurse teach a client who is on bed rest ?

Immobility will lead to deconditioning of muscles.

Which assessment finding indicates a positive respiratory response to exercise?

Increased alveolar perfusion

The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with osteomalacia about treatments to improve the condition. The best information for the nurse to provide would be:

Increasing dietary consumption of vitamin D

Which of the following should the nurse teach about secondary osteoporosis?

It is secondary to many conditions.

The nurse is assessing a female client's risk for osteoporosis. Which factor places this client at greatest risk?

Menopause

The primary care provider has positioned an infant in the supine position with both knees flexed and applied gentle downward pressure to both knees. The knee and thigh have been abducted while an upward and medial pressure was applied to the proximal thigh. What examination technique has been performed on this infant?

Ortolani maneuver

Which statement correctly describes osteogenesis imperfecta, or brittle bone disease?

Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by deficiencies in the synthesis of type I collagen.

A 16-month-old boy has a normal weight for his age but a height far below the normal range. His list of symptoms includes a protruding abdomen, lethargy, bow legs, muscle weakness, and irritability. His teeth have not yet developed and he has difficulty standing. What is the child's most likely diagnosis?

Rickets

Which teaching will the nurse provide for parents of a child who has clubfoot, or talipes?

Serial manipulations and casting of the affected extremity

Which client needs screening for osteoporosis?

The client who seems to have "shrunk" in height

A postmenopausal client questions the nurse about the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Which statement describes the pathology of osteoporosis?

The process of bone renewal after menopause is slowed in relation to the occurrence of bone breakdown.

Which statement is true about treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Treartment needs to be individualized

Which intervention is necessary for a child with developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Treatment within 6 months of life

The nurse suspects idiopathic scoliosis in a client based on which assessment finding?

Uneven shoulders or iliac crest

Which intervention should the nurse recommend to best minimize the risk of nutritional rickets in an infant whose culture supports long-term breast-feeding without the introduction of foods? Select all that apply.

Vitamin D supplements Regular exposure to sunlight

A 2-year-old has bowing of the legs (genu varum). When should the health care professional should be concerned?

When there is a large separation between the knees greater than 15 degrees

A child with Osgood-Schlatter disease most often presents with which assessment finding?

pain in front of the knee

The nurse is providing teaching for parents of a 2-week-old infant just diagnosed with clubfoot. The nurse includes that the first treatment option is:

serial manipulations and casting.