patho prepu ch 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45

The nurse is caring for the client with hepatocellular carcinoma. What does the nurse recognize is a cause of this disease?

Illness with hepatitis B or C

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing hypoglycemia caused by an insulin reaction. The client is conscious and can follow directions. Which intervention is most appropriate at this time?

Immediately administer a rapidly absorbed form of glucose (preferably via oral route if the client is alert enough to swallow).

When caring for the client with Laennec cirrhosis, the nurse recognizes which pathophysiologic finding to be an expected etiology of jaundice?

Impaired uptake of bilirubin

A female client with blocked fallopian tubes seeks assistance at a fertility clinic. Which assisted reproductive technology will bring the greatest chance for conception?

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Which maternal factor contributes to an infant having macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia?

Maternal diabetes

While teaching a family member about the development of hepatic encephalopathy, which cause is likely to be mentioned?

Neurotoxin accumulation

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has non-inflammatory prostatitis. The nurse would expect the results to include:

Normal leukocyte count

Which pregnant woman likely faces the greatest risk of developing gestational diabetes? A client who:

is morbidly obese (defined as greater than 100 pounds over ideal weight).

The nurse is assessing the body mass index (BMI) of an adult who is considered to be underweight. Which BMI result correlates with underweight status?

less than 18.5

Which client is at greatest risk for developing balanoposthitis?

man who has an uncircumcised penis

The nurse is teaching about prevention of hepatitis A. Which group does the nurse suggest will benefit from this vaccine?

people who live in or travel to areas with high rates of hepatitis A infections

When educating students about the differences between brown fat versus white fat, the instructor will share that brown fat has iron in its mitochondria that will facilitate:

production of a protein that releases the energy generated from metabolism as heat.

Which treatment intervention is recommended for infants who have a severe case of hypospadias?

surgical repair

The mother of a 2-year-old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why insulin has to be given by injection. The best response by the nurse is:

"Insulin is destroyed by the stomach contents and has to be administered by injection."

A client diagnosed with endometriosis asks the nurse how it is that she did not know about this when she had it for so long. What is the nurse's best response?

"Its symptoms mimic those of other disorders "

A client being treated for diabetes type 2 with insulin presents to a clinic for routine visit. Blood work reveals a HbA1C of 11.0% (high). Which response by the client may account for this abnormal laboratory result?

"My meter broke so I have not been checking my blood glucose levels for a while."

The nurse has just completed teaching a client, newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, about the treatment options. Which response by the client leads the nurse to conclude that additional teaching is needed?

"So I can stop my insulin if I start an exercise program."

Which client should the nurse observe most closely for the signs and symptoms of paralytic ileus?

A client who is first day postoperative following gallbladder surgery

A nurse is evaluating clients for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which client has the highest risk for developing this metabolic disorder?

A middle aged obese adult with a sedentary lifestyle

A teenager has been diagnosed with failure to thrive possibly due to malabsorption syndrome. In addition to having diarrhea and bloating, the client more than likely has what hallmark manifestation of malabsorption?

Fatty, yellow-gray, foul-smelling stools

The nurse at a clinic reviews client histories to determine if the hepatitis B vaccine should be given. Which clients should receive the vaccine? Select all that apply.

Female newborn whose mother has hepatitis B virus Female surgical scrub technician Male with HIV infection Male soldier posted to the Middle East

In assessing a client with a fibroadenoma of the breast, what will the nurse find?

Firm, rubbery masses

Crohn disease has a distinguishing pattern in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The surface has granulomatous lesions surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. A complication of the pattern includes:

Fistula formation

The nurse is caring for a female client with cholelithiasis. When teaching the client about the disease, the nurse includes which of these points?

"Gallstones have developed, which are typically composed of cholesterol."

A client is admitted with secondary orchitis. Which assessment question is most relevant?

"Have you ever had mumps?"

After seeking care due to recent history of testicular enlargement and scrotal pain, a 22-year-old college student has been diagnosed with testicular cancer. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

"I can't shake this feeling like I've received a death sentence."

A middle-aged adult is diagnosed with diverticular disease based on recent history and the results of a computed tomography (CT) scan. Which statement demonstrates an accurate understanding of this diagnosis?

"I suppose I should try to eat a bit more fiber in my diet."

A client asks the health care provider to, "Explain brachytherapy, which is recommended for my cervical cancer." Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"They will insert a radioactive device into your vagina and position it next to the cervix, so that curative levels of radiation are directly on the cancer site."

A client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus states, "I am really worried that I might need to take injections. Is there something I can do to avoid that?" What is the best response by the nurse?

"You could regulate your diet, exercise regularly, and lose weight."

Which female client is at risk for amenorrhea?

18-year-old with anorexia nervosa

When educating a client with possible glucocorticoid dysfunction, the nurse will explain that the CRH controls the release of ACTH. The best time to perform the blood test to measure peak ACTH levels would be:

6 to 8 am

A nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. Which client is most likely to be diagnosed with malabsorption syndrome?

A 40-year-old with severe inflammatory bowel disease

Which sexually active woman most likely faces the highest risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy?

A 42-year-old who has decided to try to have one more child and has had her tubal ligation reversed

The nurse is working in a pediatric clinic. Which child would the nurse recognize as having isosexual precocious puberty?

A 5-year-old black female with developing breasts and pubic hair

Select the client at greatest risk for developing colorectal cancer.

A 64-year-old female whose mother had colorectal cancer

The client has a Bartholin cyst that has developed into an abscess. The nurse explains to the client the plan of care, including which treatments?

A catheter may be inserted to drain the cyst for several weeks.

Which client would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"?

A middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-up OGTT of 189 mg/dL (10.49 mmol/L).

The nurse in the obstetrics clinic is advising a pregnant woman about nutritional needs during pregnancy. Which of these should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

A pregnant woman needs an extra 300 kcal/day above the usual caloric intake.

Which individual likely faces the highest risk of developing chronic pancreatitis?

A woman who has 6 to 8 alcoholic beverages each evening

Irritable bowel syndrome is thought to be present in 10% to 15% of the population in the United States. What is its hallmark symptom?

Abdominal pain relieved by defecation with a change in consistency or frequency of stools

A client has begun to display manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy. The family is concerned and asks the nurse what caused this condition to develop. Which is the best response by the nurse?

Accumulation of ammonia in the blood

A client with multiple pain-related injuries to the back, knees, and hips is admitted with acute liver failure. Upon procuring a medication list, the nurse notes that the client is taking several over-the-counter medications that contain a preparation known to be the drug that most commonly causes liver failure. Which drug is this?

Acetaminophen

An adult male reports painful urination, rectal pain, fever/chills, general malaise and myalgia. Vital signs are: temperature, 101.7°F (38.7°C); blood pressure, 105/74 mm Hg; pulse, 98 bpm; respiration, 22 breaths/min. What condition should the health care provider suspect?

Acute bacterial prostatitis

A client with history of alcohol abuse is brought to the emergency department after a weekend of heavy drinking, experiencing right upper quadrant pain, anorexia, nausea, jaundice and ascites. The nurse identifies these as manifestations of what disorder?

Alcoholic hepatitis

The dietitian is teaching parents about eating disorders in children. Which eating disorder usually begins in adolescence?

Anorexia nervosa

When assessing the client with acute pancreatitis, which of these diagnostic tests—consistent with the disease— does the nurse anticipate will be altered?

Amylase and lipase

The nurse is teaching a client about screening for prostate cancer. Which information will the nurse teach the client about the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test?

An elevated score on a PSA test does not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer.

Which client is at highest risk for developing acute bacterial prostatitis?

An older adult male diagnosed with frequent urinary tract infections testing positive for Gram-negative rods

A nurse is reviewing the admission assessment data of a client diagnosed with acute gastritis. The nurse determines that the condition most likely occurred as a result of:

Arthritis treated with high levels of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) agents

An older adult client presents with loose mucus-filled stools. The nurse suspects the client has Clostridium difficile. What is a priority assessment for the nurse?

Ask the client about his or her antibiotic use.

A 40-year-old client tells the nurse that a parent died of gastric cancer and that the client wants to do everything one can do to avoid the disease. Which recommendation should the nurse provide?

Avoid smoked and preserved foods.

A female client is scheduled for a laparoscopic removal of an ectopic pregnancy. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for the nurse to prepare the client for a laparotomy?

BP 90/50

A male client reports frequent urination, difficulty starting to urinate, and dribbling after he has finished urinating. Which diagnosis correlates with this client's manifestations?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

The nurse in the urology office recognizes screening men at risk for prostate cancer includes which diagnostic measures?

Blood level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

How does the full-term newborn help to regulate its body temperature?

Brown fat

A client asks the nurse what the body's primary source of immediate energy is. The best response would be:

Carbohydrates

When caring for a client in the medical clinic who has tried to lose weight multiple times, the client asks the nurse if she should try a high-protein, very low-calorie restricted diet. The nurse encourages her to seek guidance from the health care provider as these diets may cause which complication?

Cardiac dysrhythmias

During a lecture discussing nausea and vomiting, the nurse reviews the role of the chemoreceptor trigger zone which may be stimulated (causing vomiting) by which factors? Select all that apply.

Chemotherapeutic agents Salmonella food poisoning Increased intracranial pressure

The nurse understands that clients with which disorder may be more prone to nonspecific vulvitis?

Chronic kidney disease

For which condition is diabetes mellitus a risk factor? Select all that apply.

Chronic kidney disease Coronary artery disease Cerebrovascular accident

All diseases have risk factors. What is the most significant environmental risk factor for pancreatic cancer?

Cigarette smoking

A client with a body mass index of 32 would be classified as:

Class I obesity

A client with a history of chronic pancreatitis asks about potential long-term complications. Which response by the nurse would be most accurate?

Clients can develop signs of diabetes and malabsorption.

The incidence of stomach cancer has significantly decreased in the United States, yet it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. The nurse understands the reason for the high mortality rate in stomach cancer is because of which reason?

Clients have few early symptoms of the disease.

Crohn disease is recognized by sharply demarcated, granulomatous lesions that are surrounded by normal-appearing mucosal tissue. The nurse recognizes these lesions to be defined by which description?

Cobblestone

The vulva area is especially prone to skin infections. The nurse knows that this occurs because of:

Constant exposure to secretions and moisture

An older adult client expresses concern about straining to pass stools that are small and hard. What term will the health care provider use to document this in this client's chart?

Constipation

A 24-year-old woman undergoing a screening test is found to have elevated levels of AST, ALT, and IgG, but no antibody-specific markers for viral hepatitis. A liver biopsy reveals inflammation and cellular damage. Which treatment is most likely to be effective for her?

Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs

A young client presents reporting diarrhea, fecal urgency, and weight loss. The stool is light-colored and malodorous, and it tends to float and be difficult to flush. The client has also noted tender, red bumps on the shins and reports pain and stiffness in the elbows and knees. Sigmoidoscopy reveals discontinuous, granulomatous lesions; no blood is detected in the stool. Which diagnosis would his care team first suspect?

Crohn disease

A client tells his health care provider that his body is changing. It used to be normal for his blood glucose to be higher during the latter part of the morning. However, now his fasting blood glucose level is elevated in the early AM (07:00). The health care provider recognizes the client may be experiencing:

Dawn phenomenon

A client with type 2 diabetes experiences unexplained elevations of fasting blood glucose in the early morning hours. Which conditions can account for this effect?

Dawn phenomenon

A client who is diagnosed with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome will exhibit which symptoms?

Diarrhea with fat deposits

A geriatric client is having infrequent stools with a history of watery diarrhea, fecal soiling, and fecal incontinence. Which intervention would be a priority assessment for nurse to perform?

Digital rectal examination

Which assessment is most likely to reveal a potential exacerbation in a 70-year-old client's diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Digital rectal examination

A client who has been taking acetaminophen 1000 mg every 4 hours presents to the Urgent Care Center with increased abdominal pain, elevated ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels. The nurse suspects the client is experiencing:

Direct hepatotoxic reaction

A client has developed a 5-cm Bartholin cyst and is experiencing pain, tenderness, and dyspareunia. Which treatment regimen is commonly prescribed for this condition? Select all that apply.

Drainage of cyst Moist heat applications Antibiotics

A client newly diagnosed with pancreatic cancer is admitted to begin treatment. Which pain descriptors can be associated with adenocarcinomas of the pancreas?

Dull epigastric pain accompanied by back pain, worse when lying flat and relieved by sitting forward.

The nurse is assessing a client who has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nurse recognizes which sign/symptom may be associated with GERD? Select all that apply.

Epigastric pain Retrosternal pain Wheezing Hoarseness

A nurse is conducting a health promotion class on healthy cooking. The nurse includes the importance of ensuring that all hamburgers are cooked completely before ingesting to prevent:

Escherichia coli

A nurse on a medical unit is providing care for a 37-year-old female client who has a diagnosis of Graves disease. Which assessments should the nurse prioritize?

Eye health and visual acuity

The body converts dietary carbohydrates into which substance?

Glucose

The family of a client in the hospital with diabetes mellitus that is out of control asks the nurse to explain the client's recent weight loss while eating more than usual. How will the nurse respond?

Glucose is unused without insulin, so body fats are used for energy.

A client tells the health care provider that he has been very compliant over the last 2 months in the management of his diabetes. The best diagnostic indicator that would support the client's response would be:

Glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C)

The nurse is caring for a client with lichen simplex chronicus. What assessment finding does the nurse expect?

Gray-white plaques with an irregular surface

In the balance of secretions in the gastric mucosa by the parietal cells, which ion is produced to buffer the production of hydrochloric acid?

HCO3-

A school nurse is providing an informational session about the prevention of cervical cancer in young girls and women. The most important information for the nurse to present would be:

HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active

Routine physical examination reveals a client has a new diagnosis of upper body obesity with central fat distribution. This diagnosis places the client at greater risk for developing which disease process?

Heart disease

A health care provider suspects a client may have developed pancreatitis. Which laboratory value will confirm this diagnosis?

High serum amylase and lipase

A 38-year-old woman with proliferative breast changes of papilloma asks the nurse about her risk for breast cancer. Which statement of risk is correct?

Higher because of your papilloma

The mother of a 5-year-old boy brings him into the clinic because there is a firm feeling and swelling around one of his testes. What would the suspected diagnosis be?

Hydrocele

Which diagnosis is most likely to require surgical correction?

Hypospadias

A nurse is assessing an older adult woman diagnosed with chronic hypothyroidism who has developed myxedema coma. The nurse will likely assess which lab and clinical manifestations in this client? Select all that apply.

Hypoventilation Hyponatremia Hypoglycemia Lactic acidosis

A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does the nurse anticipate seeing?

Increased levels of ACTH

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results of a client who has liver failure. Which finding would place the client at increased risk for bleeding?

Increased prothrombin time

When caring for the client with hepatic failure, the nurse recognizes that which problem places the client at increased risk for bleeding?

Increased prothrombin time

A 20-year-old man who is addicted to methamphetamines has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition after many months of inadequate food intake. Which treatment plan would the care team most likely favor?

Incremental feeding combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation

A client is admitted to the medical surgical unit with a history of inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse knows that the clinical manifestations of both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are the result of activation of which cells?

Inflammatory

The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes would be confirmed by which principle?

Insulin is not available for use by the body.

When caring for the client with portal hypertension and ascites, which dietary intervention does the nurse suggest to prevent the progression of fluid accumulation?

Limit intake of sodium.

If not treated urgently, testicular torsion can result in which complication?

Loss of testicular perfusion

Crohn disease not only affects adults but also can occur in children. The nurse assesses for which major manifestation in children with Crohn disease?

Malnutrition

A woman reports to the primary healthcare provider that she experiences monthly changes before her menstrual cycle. Which statement demonstrates understanding of premenstrual disorders?

Many women report premenstrual emotional or physical changes.

Which factor contributes to an infant developing macrosomia (large body size)?

Maternal diabetes

A female client is being seen in the ED with complaints of lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, back pain, purulent cervical discharge, and the presence of adnexal tenderness and painful cervix on bimanual pelvic examination. The nurse suspects the client has pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and will assess the client for:

Number of sexual partners

The nurse is considering targeting a risk group for preventive education. Which group would benefit most from this education?

Obese clients age 20-40

A client with a history of peptic ulcer disease presents to the emergency department with the following symptoms: early satiety, feeling of epigastric fullness and heaviness after meals, weight loss, and vomiting. The nurse suspects that the peptic ulcer has caused which problem?

Obstruction

An ultrasound confirms appendicitis as the cause of a client's sudden abdominal pain. Which etiologic process is implicated in the development of appendicitis?

Obstruction of the intestinal lumen

A client admitted to the hospital with elevated blood glucose is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. What characteristics commonly differentiate type 1 diabetes mellitus from type 2 diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.

Onset before age 20 Autoimmune beta cell damage Abrupt onset of symptoms

A female client presents to her primary care physician with a report of very heavy bleeding during menstrual cycles. Tests indicate the condition is not from a hormone imbalance. Which intervention option is least invasive?

Oral contraceptives

A client is admitted with an abrupt onset of referred pain to the epigastric area, with an episode of nausea. On the nurse's initial assessment, the client is lying still and taking shallow breaths, with a rigid abdomen. Which problem is the client experiencing?

Peritonitis

Which assessment does the nurse recognize is consistent with signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

Periumbilical pain

Physical assessment data of a client include verbalizations of painful and bent erections and the presence of a hard mass. How would the health care provider interpret and record this finding?

Peyronie disease

A client's long-standing diagnosis of congenital hemolytic anemia often manifests itself with jaundice. What type of jaundice does this client most likely experience?

Prehepatic

A hospital client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has been administered a scheduled dose of regular insulin. Which effect will result from the action of insulin?

Promotion of glucose uptake by target cells

An adult client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after reporting ongoing "heartburn" unrelieved with antacids. Which medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this client?

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

A 52-year-old male diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED) asks the nurse what will be implemented as a first option for treatment. The best response would be:

Psychosexual counseling and PDE-5 inhibitor medications

A nurse is working in an eating disorder inpatient clinic. What does the nurse recognize as one of the most challenging aspects of treatment of anorexia nervosa?

Recognizing that there is a problem

The nurse is caring for a client with acute superficial balanoposthitis. The nurse assesses for which of these signs or symptoms consistent with the diagnosis?

Redness of the glans penis and malodorous discharge

The nurse is providing dietary instruction to a client whose lab values indicate a high level of blood cholesterol. The client asks if there are any food contents that need to be avoided. The bestresponse would be:

Saturated fatty acids

The nurse knows that the client with which complication of diabetes has the greatest risk for the development of foot ulcers?

Sensory neuropathy

A child has been diagnosed with classic growth hormone deficiency. Which physical findings may occur in this child? Select all that apply.

Short stature Obesity Delayed skeletal muscle maturation

What intervention does the nurse suggest to a client experiencing pain associated with pancreatic cancer?

Sleeping in a forward sitting position

Which meal choice is most likely to exacerbate an individual's celiac disease?

Spaghetti with meatballs and garlic bread

A client is on a high-protein diet for weight loss. The nurse is aware that high-protein meals increase metabolic rate significantly. Which phenomenon does the nurse teach the client is the rationale for the weight loss?

Specific dynamic action of proteins

The nurse teaches the client that which of these contributed to the development of acute cholelithiasis?

Stasis of bile

Which clinical manifestation would lead the nurse to suspect the client has malabsorption syndrome with a deficiency in fat absorption?

Steatorrhea

A nurse administering a client's medication tells the client that a proton pump inhibitor has been added. When the client asks the purpose of the medication, the nurse responds that it is to prevent:

Stress ulcer

Which manifestation is considered a major complication of persistent gastroesophageal reflux?

Strictures

Following the analysis of colonoscopy with biopsy, a client is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which treatment modality will be the mainstay of this client's treatment regimen?

Surgery

What is the most important discharge instruction for a female client with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Take all of the antibiotic

A client is diagnosed with choledocholithiasis and acute suppurative cholangitis and is being rushed to surgery to prevent which possible complication?

The accumulation of purulent bile, which can cause sepsis.

The nurse in the newborn nursery is caring for a neonate with epispadias. Why does the nurse makes a point of assessing the baby's abdomen?

The bladder may be found outside the abdominal wall in children with epispadias.

When a client asks why some body fat is good, the nurse responds based on what fact?

The body stores energy in adipose tissue.

A client is managing diabetes with exercise and diet. The health care provider reviews the client's most recent laboratory results: fasting blood glucose level at 80 mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L) and a hemoglobin A1C of 5% (0.05). Select the response that best identifies the client.

The client is achieving normal glycemic control.

The nurse is providing education to a client with Addison disease who has been treated for hyponatremia and hypoglycemia related to the disease. The nurse inform the client that which action should be taken to ensure control of these conditions?

The client should eat and exercise on a regular schedule.

Leiomyomas are smooth-muscle fibroid tumors that usually develop in which part of the reproductive system?

The corpus of the uterus

The nurse is teaching a basic nutrition course for the community. Which statement should the nurse include about fat-soluble vitamins?

The fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and may reach toxic levels.

A child is born with dwarfism to normal-sized parents. The nurse is explaining how growth hormone (GH) plays a central role in the increase in stature that characterizes childhood and adolescence. What is the first step in the growth hormone chain of events?

The hypothalamus secretes GH-releasing hormone.

The nurse is caring for a client with significant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hydronephrosis who is fearful of having corrective surgery. Which information is important for the nurse to convey?

The obstruction is causing urine to flow backward and cause kidney dysfunction.

When educating the public about hepatitis A, the nurse will stress which accurate teaching points? Select all that apply.

The onset of symptoms include high fever, malaise, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Persons working in various food industries like in a restaurant can pass on hepatitis A if they do not properly wash their hands after going to the toilet. Be careful if traveling to a foreign country since many countries do not require vaccination of their workers.

The pediatric nurse is teaching the parent of a newborn with hypospadias about the disorder. Which information does the nurse provide?

The opening of the urethra is found on the underside of the penis.

A client is concerned about acquiring hepatitis A and asks the nurse who should receive the HAV vaccine. Which responses by the nurse are accurate? Select all that apply.

Users of illicit drugs Sexually active gay men International travelers visiting to regions where sanitation is poor Workers employed in food handling

The nurse is caring for a baby with phimosis. Which of these does the nurse explain to the mother is the key feature of this disorder?

Tightening of the foreskin preventing full retraction over the penis

The health care provider reviews the waist-hip ratio of a male client. The ratio is 1.0. Which interpretation is most accurate for this result?

Upper body obesity

A client informs the nurse that he or she would like to begin a healthier dietary intake and would like to limit carbohydrate consumption. Understanding that the client must have carbohydrates to avoid tissue wasting and ketosis, which forms of carbohydrate should the nurse suggest? Select all that apply.

Vegetables Whole grains Fruits

A nurse is determining the type of obesity in a client prior to initiating a weight loss program. Which results would indicate that the male client has central obesity?

Waist-hip ratio greater than 1.0

A nurse providing dietary guidance to a client with celiac disease tells the client that which food should be avoided?

Wheat bread

When assessing the client during the icteric phase of viral hepatitis, which of these findings does the nurse anticipate observing?

Yellow-tinged sclera

When caring for the client with acute bacterial prostatitis, the nurse plans for which intervention?

antibiotics

A client who has a history of untreated cervicitis tells the nurse that she is concerned about the risk of experiencing problems with fertility. The nurse explains that problems may result from:

ascending infection of the fallopian tubes.

The nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which client should the nurse prioritize as being most at risk for developing hypoglycemia? The client:

being treated for type 1 diabetes who has been having nausea and vomiting for 4 hours

The nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed with acromegaly. Which manifestation(s) will the nurse associate with acromegaly? Select all that apply.

bony proliferation of the spine elevated blood pressure

An adult client reports persistent vaginal irritation and recurrent infections. In her history the physician notices that she recently has been prescribed antibiotics for a respiratory infection and concludes that it has affected her normal flora by:

causing the vaginal environment to be more alkaline than normal.

There are many cancers of the female reproductive system. The nursing student knows that the most readily detected and most easily cured cancer—if detected early—is:

cervical

The nurse is reviewing the medical history of four clients. Which client is at highest risk for developing peptic ulcer disease?

client with a prior diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori who refused treatment

The newborn nursery nurse is obtaining a blood sample to determine if a newborn has congenital hypothyroidism. What long-term complication is the nurse aware can occur if this test is not performed and the infant has congenital hypothyroidism?

cretinism

The nurse is assessing a client who has bulimia nervosa. The nurse would expect the assessment data to include that the client:

engages in binge eating.

A client has been diagnosed with breast cancer following a suspicious mammogram followed by biopsy. The nurse who is planning this client's care should recognize that her prognosis is primarily dependent on the:

extent to which lymph nodes are involved.

The nurse is teaching her client with hepatobiliary disease about her diet. She tells her that she may have steatorrhea, which is the malabsorption of which dietary component?

fat

The nurse is caring for a client with hepatitis and jaundice. The nurse recognizes that without sufficient circulating bile salts the client will have intolerance to which ingested substance?

fats

Which measure would likely be rejected as part of a first-line weight loss plan for a client with a body mass index (BMI) of 30.2, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension?

gastric bypass

A client tells the nurse that he is concerned about developing hepatitis after being exposed to contaminated feces, saliva, and food. The client is at risk for which infection?

hepatitis A

During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid hormones are critical for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver. When the glucocorticoid hormones remain elevated for extended periods of time, what can occur?

hyperglycemia

A client is admitted with a prolonged and painful erection that has lasted longer than 4 hours. The nurse knows that this is a true urologic emergency, and that the cause is:

impaired blood flow in the corpora cavernosa of the penis.

A client is diagnosed with Addison disease. What statement by the client indicates an understanding of the discharge instructions by the nurse?

"I will have to take my medication for the rest of my life."

When providing nutrition education to the client with diabetes, the nurse should include which statement regarding fat intake?

"If you have diabetes, avoiding saturated fats is important."

The most common forms of peptic ulcer are duodenal and gastric ulcers. What are the most common risk factors for peptic ulcer disease?

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

The nurse is caring for the client with pancreatic cancer. The nurse monitors the client for which complication?

Hyperglycemia due to inability to synthesize insulin

A nurse observes a client moving restlessly in the hospital bed. Which type of energy expenditure can be affected by this activity?

Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

A client has been diagnosed with a Bartholin gland cyst. The nurse expects the client may experience which symptoms if this becomes infected?

Pain, tenderness, and dyspareunia

A client is concerned about having mumps orchitis and asks the nurse about the symptoms. What is the nurse's best response?

Painful enlargement of the testes with fever 3 days after infection

A female client whose mother recently died from ovarian cancer asks, "Why the survival rate from ovarian cancer is so low?" Which response is most accurate?

Symptoms of ovarian cancer are nonspecific and therefore difficult to interpret.

A newborn is screened for congenital hypothyroidism and is found to have the disorder. When educating the mother about the importance of the infant taking thyroid hormone supplement, what should be included in the education?

The infant will have dosage levels adjusted as he grows.

The nurse is caring for a client who is a carrier of hepatitis B. Which of these does the nurse teach the family?

"Your loved one may not look ill, but the virus is present in his blood."

An older adult client has been placed on a broad-spectrum antibiotic for a recurrent urinary tract infection. Which potential problem would the nurse anticipate in this client?

Colonization of Clostridium difficile