Pathology Final Exam

Dyspnea

(shortness of breath).

Atrophy

A decrease in a body part or organ that was previously of normal size

Hemophilia

A hereditary blood disease characterized by an inability to clot normally.

Nevus (mole)

A pigmented tumor of the skin which appears as a slightly raised, small dark spot

Ischemic Necrosis

Dry gangrene may also be referred to as:

Saccular Aneurysm

an asymmetrical weakness. the weakness is only on one side.

Polycythemia vera

an increase in total red blood cell mass.

An abscess and pustule are similar in that both

contain pus

A disturbance in the structure or function of cells, tissues or organs of the body describes a

disease

Cancer causing tumor of the Non

epithelial tissue-SARCOMA Cysts -are saclike structures containing fluid, semi-fluid or solid material

The escape of fluids, cells and other substances from the blood vessels is called

exudate

This results from excessive uric acid accumulating in the joints

gout

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation

heat, redness, swelling, pain, altered function

A disease of unknown origin

idiopathic

Which is a protective reaction to an injury?

inflammation

Arteritis

inflammation, usually of a chronic progressive character, involving an artery or arteries.

The reaction of a tissue to an irritant is called

inflammatory response

Anemia

is a decrease in the number of red blood cells; a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin; or a combination of both of.

Leukocytosis

is an abnormal increase in number of circulating white blood cells (leucocytes, leukocytes).

Carcinogen / Oncogen

is any substance classified as a cancer causing agent

Carcinogenesis / Oncogenesis

is the process of the formation and development of a cancer

Shrinkage of muscle following paralysis is an example of

pathological atrophy

Enlargement of the heart to offset a valvular defect is

pathological hypertrophy

Enlargement of the breasts during lactation is

physiological hypertrophy

Red and Green

If you were color blind, which two (2) colors would you be unable to distinguish between?

A reduction in the number of white blood cells is called

Leucopenia

Pathological Atrophy

Muscles of a paralyzed limb and wasting away of the body during starvation would be examples of:

2 Types of Nervous Tissue Tumors

Neuroma and Glioma

Rhabdomyo

Striated muscle tissue

Pathological Anatomy

The study of the changes of structure and function of the tissues of the body as a result of disease is:

SARCOMA

Those of malignant tumors of non-epithelial origin - muscle and connective tissue

Exogenous Pigmentation

Tissue discoloration due to pigments which are not normally present in the body describes

Adenoma

Tumor derived from glands or glandular tissue

Prevalence

Which of the following refers to the number of new and old cases of a disease during a particular period:

Myosarcoma

a malignant tumor of non-epithelial connective tissue

anthracosis

A chronic condition of the lungs caused by the inhalation of dust particles

Aneurysm

A localized dilation (sac-like dilation) of the wall of a blood vessel due to the combined effects of a weakened vessel wall and increased blood pressure (hypertension).

Fusiform Aneurysm

A symmetrical dilation with a weakness in the entire circumference of the vessel.

Dissecting Aneurysm

A weakness that dissects through all three layers of the vessel.

Steatosis or Fatty Degeneration

Alcoholism, starvation, heavy metal poisoning and anoxia are etiologies for:

This disease presents with an accumulation of a waxy, starch-like glycoprotein in tissues and organs

Amyloid Disease

Hyperplasia

An increase in the size of a body part due to an increase in the number of cells is called:

A generalized degenerative process that produces a thickening of the tunica intima of the coronary arteries with hardening & inflexibility of the arterial walls defines

Atherosclerosis

Fatty degeneration of the tunica intima of an artery

Atherosclerosis

Cancer causing tumor of the Epithelial

CARCINOMA

This type of necrosis is soft, friable and has a gray-white appearance

Caseous necrosis

Hypoplasia

Failure of the kidneys to develop to normal size would be an example of:

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, the endocardium.

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart.

Leukemia

Is a group of malignant diseases characterized by replacement of bone marrow with proliferating white blood cell.

A yellow discoloration in the skin, eyes, nails due to the retention of bilirubin

Jaundice

Glioma

Malignant tumor that is derived from the support cells of the nerves, known as neuroglia

4 tumors that sound benign but are malignant:

Melanoma Epithelioma Lymphoma Glioma

Myocardial Infarction

Necrosis of the heart muscle due to decreased blood supply.

Cloudy Swelling

Of the following, which is the most common form of degeneration?

Examples of agent(s) that may cause an inflammatory reaction include

Physical agents such as splinters, glass, ultra violet light, extreme heat or cold. Chemical irritants such as poison, acid, venom, irritating gases (chlorine). Infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, virus, worms, insects. Immunologic reactions such as autoimmune disease, allergic inflammation.

This usually describes a disease which shows alternating increases and decreases in their symptoms

Recurrent Disease

Regeneration

Replacement of tissue by the exact same type of tissue

Termination of an inflammatory process with the involved body part returned back to its normal state is called

Resolution

Physiological Atrophy

Shrinkage of the mammary glands after lactation is an example of:

Amelia

The absence of one or more limbs is referred to as:

Gas Gangrene

The anaerobic bacteria Clostridium causes:

Necrosis

The pathological death of a tissue which is part of the living body is called:

Necrosis

The pathological death of cells, tissues or an organ which are part of the living body is called:

Infiltration

The process of a substance passing into and being deposited within the substance of a cell, tissue or organ is called:

Metaplasia

The replacement of one type of normal tissue by another type of normal in an area of the body where the second tissue does not exist describes.

Compensatory hypertrophy

This occurs when one kidney is removed or destroyed and the remaining one gets larger.

Vascular anomaly

This results from a blood vessel malformation of the skin; it may be raised or flat and it often involves the face.

Sporadic

This type of disease occurs occasionally in a random isolated manner

Moist or Wet Gangrene

This type of gangrene is due to obstruction of venous outflow from an area

Dry Gangrene

This type of gangrene results from interference in the arterial supply of a body part without the invasion of saprophytes.

Nosocomial

This type of infection occurs as a result of a treatment in a hospital:

A rounded elevation of tissue containing a serous fluid is called

Vesicle

Vitamin D deficiency

Which of the following would cause Rickets?

Cachexia

a term that is closely related to emaciation, it refers to a state of general ill health, malnutrition and wasting away

A cavity containing pus and surrounded by an inflamed tissue

abscess

The five cardinal signs of inflammation are heat, redness, swelling, pain and?

altered function

neoplasm

any new, abnormal growth of tissue which serves no useful purpose and may or may not be destructive

A hemorrhagic exudate contains

blood

This type of infiltration is most common in tuberculosis

calcification

This branch of pathology that studies body fluids is called

clinical pathology

Adenocarcinoma

derived from glandular tissue, found in the uterus, breasts, cervix, alimentary tract and the lungs

The thick liquid that collects around an infection site is called

exudate

Suppuration is

formation of pus

Autopsy may also be referred to as

necropsy or postmortem examination

Leiomyo

smooth muscle tissue Melanoma -highly malignant brown or black tumor which may be found in any organ BE CAREFUL: sounds benign, but is malignant

A coronary occlusion may result from

thrombi

An area of necrotic tissue in which dead cells are sloughed from a free surface is referred to as a(an)

ulcer

Hypertrophy

An increase in the size of a body part due to an increase in the functional demands made on in is called:

An abscess that originates in a hair follicle is called

Furuncle (boil)

Joints

Gout is a disease of the:

Repair is the process of

Healing

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein.

The union of two or more boils results in a

carbuncle

A purulent exudate contains

pus

A localized collection of pus surrounded by a wall of inflammatory tissue is a (an)

pustule

A small elevation of skin filled with pus is referred to as a

pustule

neuroglia

the support cells of the nerves

penia

this suffix denotes a decrease in the # of cells.

cytosis

this suffix denotes an increase in the # of cells.