Pathophysiology Chapter 25

Select the correct sequence of blood return to the heart. Capillaries, venules, veins, right atrium Capillaries, arterioles, arteries, right atrium Capillaries, arterioles, veins, left atrium Capillaries, venules, veins, left atrium

Capillaries, venules, veins, right atrium p.616

The nurse is reviewing the circulatory system. Which statements are correct about the functional organization of the circulatory system? Select all that apply. -The heart exchanges gases, nutrients, and wastes. -The arterial system distributes oxygenated blood to the tissues. -The venous system collects deoxygenated blood from the tissues. -The capillaries pump blood.

-The arterial system distributes oxygenated blood to the tissues. -The venous system collects deoxygenated blood from the tissues.

A client's echocardiogram identified a narrowed valve that has resulted in a decreased blood flow between the left atria and left ventricle. The nurse would interpret this as the: Tricuspid valve Pulmonic valve Bicuspid valve Aortic valve

Bicuspid Valve p. 610

The heart controls the direction of blood flow. What is the role of the aortic valve? Controls the direction of blood flow from the atria to the ventricles Controls the direction of blood flow from the left side of the heart to the lungs Controls the direction of blood flow from the left side of the heart to the systemic circulation Controls the direction of blood flow from the ventricles to the artia

Controls the direction of blood flow from the left side of the heart to the systemic circulation p.610

A client is experiencing a sudden increase in heart rate resulting in less time in diastole. This can result in which potential complication? Increased blood viscosity Loss of action potential Decreased stroke volume Reduced cardiac contractility

Decreased stroke volume p.612

Which enzyme has a powerful vasodilator effect on arterioles and increases capillary permeability? Histamine Serotonin Prostaglandins Arachidonic acid

Histamine

Considering how hydrostatic forces affect the capillaries, which of the following would increase capillary hydrostatic pressure most? Decrease in arterial pressure Decrease in gravity when standing Increase in small-artery pressure Increase in venous pressure

Increase in venous pressure p.622

Which factor can cause turbulent blood flow? Increased velocity Short vessel length High blood viscosity Layering of blood cells

Increased velocity p.619

Which of the following is true regarding pulmonary circulation? The system functions with an increased arterial pressure to circulate through the distal parts of the body. It is a low-pressure system that allows for improved gas exchange. It is the larger of the two circulatory systems. It consists of the left side of the heart, the aorta, and its branches.

It is a low-pressure system that allows for improved gas exchange. p.615-616

The heart is a four-chambered pump. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the systemic circulation? Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle

Left ventricle p.610

A nurse is assessing a female client and notes that her left arm is swollen from the shoulder down to the fingers, with non-pitting edema. The right arm is normal. The client had a left-sided mastectomy 1 year ago. What does the nurse suspect is the problem? Venous stasis Lymphedema Arteriosclerosis Deep vein thrombosis

Lymphedema

The heart consists of four valves. Which are the semilunar valves? Select all that apply. Tricuspid Mitral Pulmonary Aortic

Pulmonary Aortic

The heart is a four-chambered pump. What is the function of the right ventricle? Receives blood returning to the heart from the systemic circulation Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs Pumps blood to the lungs Pumps blood into the systemic circulation

Pumps blood to the lungs

A client has prominent jugular veins. What type of medical problem is associated with prominent jugular veins? Left-sided heart failure Right-sided heart failure Shock Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Right-sided heart failure

A nurse is administering norepinephrine via a continuous IV infusion. Which assessment finding indicates that the infusion rate may need to be adjusted? Heart rate is 58 beats/minute. Blood pressure is 120/76 mm Hg. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is elevated. Central venous pressure (CVP) is 0 mm Hg.

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is elevated. p.617

What does the nurse teach is the principal factor that determines how long the client can exercise? The client's age The client's mental status The client's medical history The client's heart and lung capacity

The client's heart and lung capacity p.614

The heart consists of four valves. Which are the heart's atrioventricular valves? Select all that apply. Tricuspid Mitral Pulmonary Aortic

Tricuspid Mitral

The cardiac cycle describes the pumping action of the heart. Which statement is correct about systole? Ventricles contract and blood is ejected from the heart. Atria contract and blood is ejected from the heart. Ventricles relax and blood fills the heart. Atria relax and blood fills the heart.

Ventricles contract and blood is ejected from the heart. p.611

A client asks why he has not had major heart damage since his cardiac catheterization revealed he has 98% blockage of the right coronary artery. The nurse's best response is: "You must have been taking a blood thinner for a long time." "You have small channels between some of your arteries, so you can get blood from a patent artery to one severely blocked." "You are just a lucky person since most people would have had a massive heart attack by now." "With this amount of blockage, your red blood cells get through the vessel one by one and supply oxygen to the muscle."

You have small channels between some of your arteries, so you can get blood from a patent artery to one severely blocked." p.610