Pathophysiology Exam 3 cardiac EAQ questions
A client with rheumatic heart disease
Which adult client should the nurse monitor for the development of valvular stenosis or valvular regurgitation of the mitral or aortic valves? 1 A client with heart failure 2 A client with syphilis infection 3 A client with myocardial infarction 4 A client with rheumatic heart disease
poor sucking
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect to observe in an infant with left ventricular heart failure? 1 Coughing 2 Weight gain 3 Poor sucking 4 Peripheral edema
crying
Which behavior will alert a nurse to monitor an infant with tetralogy of Fallot for a "tet" spell? 1 Crying 2 Sitting 3 Sleeping 4 Squatting
106/58
Which blood pressure is average for an 8-year-old? 1 104/55 2 106/58 3 112/62 4 121/70
2 y/o asian male
Which child is at highest risk for Kawasaki disease? 1 7-year-old black male 2 2-year-old Asian male 3 4-year-old white female 4 3-year-old Hispanic female
floss teeth at least once daily
Children with congenital heart disease should be educated to perform which activity routinely to decrease the risk of endocarditis? 1 Consume raw fruits daily 2 Floss teeth at least once daily 3 Wear helmets when riding bicycles 4 Limit sodas to no more than twice weekly
An elderly client with deep vein thrombosis
Which client is at greatest risk for a pulmonary embolism? 1 A woman with varicose veins 2 A man with atherosclerosis 3 A young adult with Raynaud disease 4 An elderly client with deep vein thrombosis
a young man who smokes
Which client is at risk for atherosclerosis from endothelial dysfunction? 1 A woman with anemia 2 A young man who smokes cigarettes 3 A young woman with a vitamin K deficiency
A client with bronchogenic cancer
Which client is most predisposed to superior vena cava syndrome? 1 A client with metastasis Incorrect2 A client with lymphoma 3 A client with tuberculosis 4 A client with bronchogenic cancer
aortic stenosis
Which condition is associated with a loud, harsh systolic ejection murmur? 1. Aortic stenosis 2. coarctation of the aorta 3, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 4. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Paten ductus arteriosus
Which congenital heart defect is a premature newborn prone to have? 1. Pulmonary stenosis 2. Supravalvular aortic stenosis 3. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 4. Transposition of the great vessels
patent ductus
Which defect is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow? 1 Tricuspid atresia 2 Tetralogy of Fallot 3 Patent ductus arteriosus 4 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Coarctation of the aorta
Which defect is characterized by abnormal localized narrowing of the aorta? 1 Aortic stenosis 2 Pulmonic stenosis 3 Coarctation of the aorta 4 Patent ductus arteriosus
Transposition of the great arteries
Which defect is characterized by the pulmonary artery leaving the left ventricle and the aorta exiting the right ventricle? 1 Atrioventricular canal defect 2 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 3 Transposition of the great arteries 4 Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Kawasaki disease
Which defect is more commonly seen in Asian patients than in other populations? 1. tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 2. Kawasaki disease (KD) 3. Ventricular septal defect 4. Atrioventricular canal defec
truncus arteriosus
Which defect results in a single vessel exiting the heart? 1 Truncus arteriosus 2 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) 3 Transposition of the great vessels (TGV) 4 Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC
mitral and aortic
Which heart valves should the nurse monitor because they are the most commonly affected in valvular dysfunction? Select all that apply. 1 Mitral 2 Aortic 3 Pulmonic 4 Tricuspid
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
What term should the nurse use to describe a condition in which there is failure of the pulmonary veins to join the left atrium? 1 Pulmonic stenosis 2 Truncus arteriosus 3 Transposition of the great vessels 4 Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
kawasaki disease
Which acquired cardiovascular disorder causes desquamation of the palms and soles? 1 Kawasaki disease 2 Systemic hypertension 3 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 4 Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
endothelial dysfunction
Which information from the staff indicates teaching by the nurse was successful about the mechanisms of obesity that contribute to hypertension in children? 1 Abnormal vasodilation 2 Endothelial dysfunction 3 Alterations in venous walls 4 Obstruction to blood flow from ventricles
A tear that causes blood to enter the artery wall
Which information indicates a nurse has an accurate understanding of a dissecting aneurysm? 1 A tear that is discovered during an autopsy 2 A tear that causes blood to enter the artery wall 3 An aneurysm that is an extravascular hematoma 4 An aneurysm that balloons out on one side of the artery
endothelium
the ____ forms the blood vessels of the heart
client may be having MI
A client calls the clinic reporting that painful indigestion cannot be alleviated and asks the nurse what to do. Before answering the client, which information should the nurse consider? 1 The client may be having a myocardial infarction. 2 The client activated the parasympathetic nervous system. 3 The client probably became dehydrated from gastric distress. 4 The client needs to deep breathe to get oxygen to the tissues.
One with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
A client experiences severe shock and the urinary, cardiac, and respiratory systems fail. The nurse is caring for which client? 1 One with hypertension 2 One with acute pericarditis 3 One with aortic regurgitation 4 One with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Correct4 Acute rheumatic fever
A 6-year-old client presents with polyarthritis, and the parents report no medical history except for a sore throat 4 weeks ago. On physical examination, a murmur is noted. Which diagnosis is supported by the assessment data? 1 Lyme disease 2 Reiter syndrome 3 Rheumatoid arthritis 4 Acute rheumatic fever
A client with a ventricular septal defect
A child experiences Eisenmenger syndrome. The nurse is caring for which client?
Correct4 Upper extremity hypertension with weak lower extremity pulses
A child has coarctation of the aorta. Which finding (or findings) will the nurse observe upon assessment? 1 Palm desquamation 2 Hypercyanotic blue spells 3 Machinery-like murmur in both systole and diastole 4 Upper extremity hypertension with weak lower extremity pulses
primary
A child has hypertension with no identified cause. Which type of hypertension should the nurse report that the client has to the oncoming shift?
left to right shunting
A child with congestive heart failure (CHF) has normal left ventricular function. Which mechanism would cause the clinical manifestations seen in this child? 1 Rapid growth 2 Failure to thrive 3 Left-to-right shunting 4 Pulmonary undercirculation
cyanosis
A child with tetralogy of Fallot develops a "tet" spell. Which finding will the nurse observe upon assessment? 1 Rash 2 Fever 3 Edema 4 Cyanosis
heart arteries
In a client who has coronary artery disease, which arteries are affected? 1 Heart arteries 2 Cerebral arteries 3 Capillary arteries 4 Peripheral arteries
Correct1 One of the atherosclerotic plaques probably ruptured and a clot formed and blocked one of your heart arteries.
A client had a myocardial infarction after having stable angina for several years. The client tells the nurse, "I don't understand it. I know my heart arteries have those atherosclerotic plaques, but they have been there for years. What happened to make the heart attack occur right now?" Which information by the nurse is best? 1 One of the atherosclerotic plaques probably ruptured and a clot formed and blocked one of your heart arteries. 2 Some of your artery muscle cells probably moved into the inner lining of one of your heart arteries and blocked it. 3 Some of your artery muscles probably went into spasm and closed off an artery that brings oxygen to your heart muscle. 4 Your blood pressure probably was high, and that made your left ventricle enlarge, which squeezed off one of your heart arteries.
embolus
A client had an occlusion of a blood vessel from a bolus of circulating matter in the bloodstream. The nurse will use which term in report to describe the client's condition? 1 Embolus 2 Foam cell 3 Thrombus 4 Thrombophlebitis
ischemia
A client had myocardial cells temporarily deprived of blood supply. Which term should the nurse use to describe this condition during report? 1 Infarction 2 Ischemia 3 Dyslipidemia 4 Peripheral artery disease
varicose veins
A client has a condition that causes blood to pool and produces distended, tortuous, and palpable vessels. Which condition will the nurse observe written on the chart? 1 Thrombus 2 Varicose veins 3 Venous stasis ulcers
decreased mean arterial blood pressure
A client has a drop in cardiac output. Which assessment finding does the nurse expect to observe?
Mitral regurgitation
A client has a loud holosystolic murmur that radiates to the back and axilla. Based on this assessment finding, which valvular abnormality does the nurse suspect the client is experiencing? 1 Mitral stenosis 2 Aortic stenosis 3 Mitral regurgitation 4 Aortic regurgitation
Pharyngeal group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection
A client has acute rheumatic fever. While taking the history, which prior infection is typical of this disease? 1 Fungal lung infection 2 Staphylococcus skin infection 3 Intestinal enterococci infection 4 Pharyngeal group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection
Resistance to blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta
A client has aortic stenosis. How is the blood flow affected?
obstruction of the vessel wall
A client has atherosclerosis. Which complication does the nurse monitor for in this client? 1 Formation of arteriovenous shunts 2 Obstruction of the blood vessel lumen 3 Autoimmune destruction of the vessel wall 4 Increased blood flow through the diseased vesselob
lower extremeties
A client has chronic venous insufficiency. Which area should the nurse assess first? 1 Head 2 Trunk 3 Nervous system 4. lower extremeties
administer heparin
A client has deep vein thrombosis. Which action will the nurse take? 1 Administer heparin 2 Prepare for sclerotherapy 3 Prepare for vein stripping 4 Administer oral contraceptives
pulmonary edema
A client has diastolic heart failure. Which clinical manifestation will the nurse expect to find upon assessment? 1 Bloody stools 2 Pulmonary edema 3 Frequent infections 4 Elevated ejection fraction
b- type natruiretic peptide
A client has heart failure. Which laboratory result should the nurse check to determine the severity of the heart failure? 1 Bilirubin 2 Differential count 3 B-type natriuretic peptide 4 Lumbar puncture findings
secondary
A client has hypertension from renal disease. Which type of hypertension should the nurse report to the oncoming shift? 1 Primary 2 Idiopathic 3 Orthostatic 4 Secondary
Prepare to administer blood products.
A client has hypovolemic shock. Which action should the nurse take? 1 Prepare to administer antibiotics. 2 Prepare to administer blood products. 3 Prepare to administer antihypertensives.
Release of epinephrine from adrenal glands
A client has hypovolemic shock. Which early compensation mechanisms does the nurse expect? 1 Decreased heart rate 2 Decreased systemic vascular resistance 3 Release of epinephrine from adrenal glands 4 Release of antidiuretic hormone, causing water excretion
Brain natriuretic peptide
A client has left heart failure. The nurse wants to know the severity of the disease. Which laboratory result should the nurse check? 1 Bleeding time 2 Platelet count 3 White blood cell count 4 Brain natriuretic peptide
This rhythm results in no cardiac output from the heart.
A client has ventricular fibrillation. Which information indicates the nurse has a good understanding of the pathophysiologic effect of ventricular fibrillation? 1 This rhythm causes premature contractions. 2 This rhythm creates a heart block of the atria. 3 This rhythm results in no cardiac output from the heart. 4 This rhythm is a serious problem but is not life-threatening
3,4,5
A client is being transferred from another medical facility with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Which assessment findings will the nurse typically observe with the presence of an AMI? Select all that apply. 1 Cough 2 High fever 3 Cool, clammy skin 4 Crushing chest pain 5 Nausea and vomiting
management of an underlying disorder
A client is diagnosed with secondary hypertension. The nurse will focus on which goal? 1 Reduction of high sodium intake 2 Management of an underlying disorder 3 Reduction of prolonged primary hypertension 4 Management of genetics plus environmental factors
Prinzmetal angina
A client presents with chest pain that occurs at rest, and abnormal vasospasm of the coronary arteries is detected. The nurse will most likely observe which diagnosis on the chart? 1 Stable angina 2 Silent ischemia 3 Angina pectoris 4 Prinzmetal angina
2,3,5,6
A nurse is performing screenings at a health fair. Which findings make individuals predisposed to heart failure? Select all that apply. 1 Anemia 2 Obesity 3 Diabetes 4 Young age 5 Hypertension 6 Ischemic heart disease
Owing to the infection in your heart, little pieces of fibrin and bacteria can break off and circulate in the blood. If they land in the nail beds, they can look like splinters.
A client who is diagnosed with infective endocarditis asks the nurse, "I was told that these strange lines in my fingernails are splinter hemorrhages. How could a heart infection cause me to get splinters? I haven't been working with wood." Which information by the nurse is best? 1 Owing to the infection in your heart, little pieces of fibrin and bacteria can break off and circulate in the blood. If they land in the nail beds, they can look like splinters. 2 Sometimes an infection elsewhere in your body can move to the heart and create infective endocarditis. Splinter hemorrhages are a sign of fingernail infection. 3 Because you have infective endocarditis, your immune system has been activated and can attack your nail beds inappropriately. That makes them look like you have splinters. 4 Having a heart infection can cause people to be restless from lack of oxygen. Maybe you have been rubbing your fingers on the underside of the table without realizing it.
3
A client's heart valve that is located between the right atrium and right ventricle is stenosed. The nurse will be caring for which client? 1 A client with a stenosed mitral valve 2 A client with a stenosed bicuspid valve 3 A client with a stenosed tricuspid valve
Anaerobic metabolism maintains myocardial cell integrity for approximately 20 minutes
A coworker asks the nurse how myocardial ischemia is usually reversible within 20 minutes of interruption of coronary blood flow. What information should the nurse consider before answering? 1 The heart stores approximately 20 minutes' worth of oxygen supply in the myoglobin. 2 It takes 20 minutes for neutrophils and macrophages to arrive and activate inflammation. 3 Anaerobic metabolism maintains myocardial cell integrity for approximately 20 minutes
Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction
A healthy individual stands up suddenly. What effect does the nurse expect when the baroreceptor reflex is activated? 1 Increased heart rate and vasodilation 2 Decreased heart rate and vasodilation 3 Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction 4 Decreased heart rate and vasoconstriction
A cyanotic defect causes the unoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to be pumped into the left side of the heart and into the blood vessels. This means that the body does not get enough oxygen.
A newborn turned a dusky, bluish color after an episode of crying and was diagnosed with a cyanotic heart defect. The newborn's parents ask the nurse, "What does this mean?" Which explanation given by the nurse is best? 1 A cyanotic defect is a problem with the heart rhythm. The heartbeat is irregular rather than regular, so the body does not get enough oxygen. 2 A cyanotic defect is a problem inside the lungs. They do not transport oxygen into the blood as well as they should, so the body does not get enough oxygen. 3 A cyanotic defect causes the unoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to be pumped into the left side of the heart and into the blood vessels. This means that the body does not get enough oxygen. 4 A cyanotic defect is an abnormal conduction pathway in the heart. This allows all areas of the heart to start a beat rather than the one area that is supposed to start the beat. This means that the body does not get enough oxygen.
Estrogen causes hypercoagulability.
A nurse checks a woman on estrogen replacement therapy for deep vein thrombosis. What is the rationale for the nurse's action? 1 Estrogen causes endothelial injury. 2 Estrogen causes hypercoagulability. 3 Estrogen causes stasis of blood flow
A heart attack that occurs without the person experiencing pain
A nurse is asked by a client about a silent myocardial infarction. What is the nurse's best response to define a silent myocardial infarction? 1 A heart attack that causes rapid death 2 A heart attack that occurs at the same time as a stroke 3 A heart attack that occurs without the person experiencing pain 4 A heart attack that occurs before the person is able to call for help
By changes to the blood flow into the pulmonary circulation
A nurse is asked how congenital heart defects are categorized. What is the nurse's best response? 1 By obstruction through atrias 2 By delays in cognitive development 3 By increased systemic vascular resistance 4 By changes to the blood flow into the pulmonary circulation
by the eight week of gestation
A nurse is asked when most congenital heart defects develop. How should the nurse respond? 1 By the 24th week of gestation 2 By the eighth week of gestation 3 Within the first week following birth 4 Within the first 24 hours following birth
One with Kawasaki disease
A nurse is caring for a child with an acquired cardiovascular disorder. The nurse is caring for which child? 1 One with truncus arteriosus 2 One with Kawasaki disease 3 One with tetralogy of Fallot 4 One with coarctation of the aorta
The child may present with a slightly blue appearance as a normal color
A nurse is caring for a newborn with tetralogy of Fallot. What does the nurse keep in mind while conducting an assessment on this patient? 1. The child will grow out of this deformity by adolescence. 2. Children with this deformity will be normal on the growth chart. 3. The child may present with a slightly blue appearance as a normal color. 4. Children with this deformity have more temper tantrums than other children.
baroreceptor
A nurse is discussing pressure receptors located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries that affect a client's heart rate and blood pressure. Which reflex is the nurse describing? 1 Poiseuille reflex 2 Bainbridge reflex 3 Baroreceptor reflex
Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular QRS rhythm
A nurse is monitoring telemetry. What will the nurse observe if a client is experiencing atrial fibrillation? 1 QRS complex is greater than 300 ms, with an absent P wave. 2 The P wave precedes each QRS complex at a rate of 100 to 150 beats/min. 3 Disorganized and irregular atrial waves are accompanied by an irregular QRS rhythm
1,2,4,5
A nurse is taking the blood pressure of a client. Which requirements should the nurse implement to obtain an accurate blood pressure reading? Select all that apply. 1 The client must be seated. 2 The client's readings must be 2 minutes apart. 3 The client's arm must be raised above heart level. 4 The client must have been at rest for at least 5 minutes. 5 The client must not have smoked in the previous 30 minutes.
smokes
A nurse is taking the history of an 18-year-old. Which finding will alert the nurse to an increased risk for hypertension? 1. Smokes 2. Exercises 3. Weight loss 4. Appropriate diet
2
A nurse is teaching a client about the cause of Prinzmetal angina. Which information from the client indicates teaching was successful? 1 It is from a deep vein clot. 2 It is from a spasm of a heart artery. 3 It is from a blood clot in a lung artery
cessation of smoking
A nurse is teaching a group of healthy people about reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Which information is most important? I eating less red meat 2 Cessation of smoking 3 Administration of blood products 4 Increasing exercise from mild to moderate
maternal diabetes mellitus
A nurse is teaching about the risk factors for congenital heart disease (CHD). Which information should the nurse include? 1. Wilms tumor 2. Hypocalcemia 3. Postmature birth 4. Maternal diabetes mellitus
In rheumatic heart disease, the vegetations do not contain microorganisms, but they do in infective endocarditis.
A nurse is teaching the staff about the differences between the vegetations that form on heart valves in rheumatic heart disease and in infective endocarditis. Which information should the nurse include? 1 In infective endocarditis, the vegetations do not embolize, but they do in rheumatic heart disease. 2 In infective endocarditis, the vegetations are soft, but in rheumatic heart disease, they are hardened. 3 In rheumatic heart disease, the vegetations do not contain microorganisms, but they do in infective endocarditis. 4 In rheumatic heart disease, the vegetations contain group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, but in infective endocarditis, they contain other bacteria.
Serious consequences include myocardial infarction and stroke
A nurse plans to teach the staff about an embolism. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan? 1 The source of embolism in the veins is the heart. 2 Pulmonary emboli typically originate in the left heart. 3 Serious consequences include myocardial infarction and stroke
all of them
A nurse teaches a group of clients about the known causes of infective endocarditis. Which information indicates teaching was successful? Select all that apply. 1 Fungi 2 parasites 3 Rickettsia
Arterial walls are made up of elastic connective tissue, fibrous connective tissue, and smooth muscle.
A nurse teaches the staff about arterial vessels. Which information from the staff indicates teaching was effective? 1 Capillaries are typically very large, but there are few of them. 2 An artery becomes an arteriole when the diameter of the lumen is less than 1 mm. 3 Arterial walls are made up of elastic connective tissue, fibrous connective tissue, and smooth muscle.
right to left shunt
A nurse teaches the staff about cyanotic heart defects. Which information should the nurse include? 1 It causes a right-to-left shunt. 2 It causes a left-to-right shunt. 3 It increases oxygen delivery to the tissues. 4 It increases blood flow through the pulmonary system
myocardium
A nurse teaches the staff about the metabolic hypothesis of autoregulation. Which information from the staff indicates teaching was effective about the location of where autoregulation originates? 1 Myocardium 2 Endocardium 3 Visceral pericardium 4 Parietal pericardium
"Children with primary hypertension are often asymptomatic."
A parent asks the nurse why screening for primary hypertension is necessary in children. Which response by the nurse is best? 1 "Children are at higher risk for atherosclerosis than adults." 2 "Young children may develop early atherosclerotic disease." 3 "Children with primary hypertension are often asymptomatic."
improved survival rates
A parent of a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome asks the nurse what the advantage is for a heart transplant. How should the nurse reply? 1 Improved survival rates. 2 Immunosuppression is decreased. 3 Risk of organ rejection is not a problem. 4 Availability of transplantable hearts is good.
Arise slowly from the bed or chair.
An elderly client with normal extracellular fluid (ECF) volume almost fainted when getting up out of bed in the morning. What should the nurse initially teach this client? 1 Restrict sodium in the diet. 2 Arise slowly from the bed or chair. 3 Stop smoking and reduce fat in the diet. 4 Replace body fluid losses with salt and water
after birth
An infant has an acquired heart disease. When did the disease process begin? 1 After birth 2 During birth 3 At conception 4 During gestation
All four
An infant has tetralogy of Fallot. While planning care, which pathophysiologic defects must the nurse consider? Select all that apply. 1 Overriding aorta 2 Pulmonic stenosis 3 Ventricular septal defect 4 Right ventricular hypertrophy
the tricuspid valve didn't develop
An infant has tricuspid atresia. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
The infant has some unoxygenated blood entering the aorta.
An infant with a congenital heart defect turns blue when nursing or crying. Which information by the nurse best describes the pathophysiology of this infant's condition? 1 The infant has multiple sclerosis as well as a heart defect. 2 The infant has some unoxygenated blood entering the aorta. 3 The infant has oxygenated blood circulating through the body. 4 The infant sustained peripheral nerve damage during delivery.
bone fractures
An older adult client has chronic orthostatic hypotension. The nurse knows that this client is at high risk for which complication? 1 Heart failure 2 Bone fractures 3 Hyperglycemia
1, 4
It is suspected that a client has peripheral artery disease. The nurse should prepare the client for which diagnostic tests? Select all that apply. 1 Ankle-brachial index 2 Troponin blood levels 3 Coronary angiography 4 Noninvasive Doppler for blood flow 5 Single-photon emission computed tomography
Pulmonary artery and aorta
Patent ductus arteriosus is a failure of which connections to close during the first few weeks of an infant's life? 1 Pulmonary artery and aorta 2 Pulmonary vein and left atrium 3 Subclavian vein and right atrium 4 Femoral artery and popliteal artery
shiny skin, etc...
The nurse admits a client with chronic arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities from thromboangiitis obliterans. When assessing the lower extremities, which findings would the nurse typically observe? 1 Swollen, red, and warm leg 2 Shiny skin, thick nails, and pain during activit
Hypertension is the most common primary diagnosis in the United States.
The nurse instructs a client about hypertension. Which information from the client indicates teaching was effective? 1 Low weight contributes to high blood pressure. 2 Diagnosis can be made with one elevated reading. 3 Hypertension is defined as systolic pressure greater than 160 mm Hg. 4 Hypertension is the most common primary diagnosis in the United States.
3
The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with valvular aortic stenosis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session? 1 Surgical repair will result in a normal valve. 2 Death will occur in late childhood or adolescence. 3 Strenuous physical activity may need to be curtailed. 4 This obstruction tends to stay fairly consistent and nonprogressing
Reduce myocardial oxygen demand by having the client rest in be
The nurse plans care for a client with an elevated troponin level. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? 1 Decrease dietary intake of troponin 2 Increase fluid volume intake to prevent hypovolemic shock 3 Elevate lower extremities to reduce the formation of edema 4 Reduce myocardial oxygen demand by having the client rest in bed
increased platelet count
The nurse reviews the laboratory results for a 4-year-old client in the convalescent stage of Kawasaki disease. Which laboratory result would support this phase of the disease? 1 Increased platelet count 2 Decreased liver enzymes 3 Decreased C-reactive protein level (CRP) 4 Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
The mitral valve balloons back into the left atrium during contraction
The nurse teaches a client about mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Which information from the client indicates teaching was effective? 1 The mitral valve is absent from birth. 2 The mitral valve is simultaneously hard and contracted. 3 The mitral valve closes prematurely, reducing blood flow. 4 The mitral valve balloons back into the left atrium during contraction.
3
The nurse teaches a client about the lymphatic system. Which information from the client indicates teaching was successful? 1.The lymph consists primarily of water and carbohydrates that are too large to be reabsorbed. 2. Lymphatic tissue and lymph nodes are part of the pump system that forces lymph back to the heart. 3. The lymphatic system allows for leakage from the vascular system to be reabsorbed into the body's circulatory system.
Take the blood pressure on three separate occasions.
To help determine the diagnosis of systemic hypertension in a child, which action should the nurse take? 1 Take the blood pressure lying and standing. 2 Take the blood pressure on three separate occasions. 3 Compare blood pressure readings with oxygen saturation levels.
Shock of any type causes impairment of cellular metabolism.
Which information indicates the nurse has a correct understanding of the results of shock in a client? 1 Shock causes a decrease in catecholamine release. 2 Shock of any type causes impairment of cellular metabolism. 3 Shock enables unlimited use of lactic acid for cardiac muscles.
3
Which information indicates the nurse has an accurate understanding of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)? 1 MODS is another term for sepsis. 2 Mortality rate for MODS is generally low. 3 An uncontrolled inflammatory response can trigger MODS
This is when the heart is compressed externally and is unable to fill adequately.
Which information indicates the nurse has the best understanding of cardiac tamponade? 1 This is when the venous return is too low to fill the heart. 2 This is when pericardial isoenzymes cause pericardial pain and hypotension 3 This is when the heart is compressed externally and is unable to fill adequately.
You will take aspirin until the inflammation is gone.
Which information should the nurse include when educating a client about aspirin and Kawasaki disease? 1 You should not take aspirin. 2 If you take aspirin, no other drugs will be needed. 3 You will take aspirin until the inflammation is gone.
A narrow coronary vessel will be opened up with a catheter.
Which information should the nurse include when teaching a client about a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)? 1 A laser will be used to fix a heart vessel. 2 A vein from the leg will be placed in the heart. 3 A medication will be injected into the heart chamber. 4 A narrow coronary vessel will be opened up with a catheter.
bacterial
Which information should the nurse include when teaching about the most frequent cause of infective endocarditis? Incorrect1 Viral infection 2 Fungal infection 3 Bacterial infection
cessation of smoking
Which intervention is the priority for a client with Buerger disease? 1 Reduction of blood pressure 2 Administration of vasodilators 3 Cessation of cigarette smoking 4 Dependent positioning of the feet
increased plasma volume
Which pathophysiologic change will the nurse expect in a client with left ventricular failure when the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated? 1 Increased plasma volume 2 Decreased cardiac oxygen demand 3 Decreased systemic vascular resistance 4 Increased pulmonary capillary permeability
There is sympathetic understimulation of vascular smooth muscle.
Which pathophysiologic mechanism should the nurse remember when planning care for a client with neurogenic shock? 1 There is massive activation of the immune system. 2 There is decreased parasympathetic nervous stimulation. 3 There is sympathetic understimulation of vascular smooth muscle. 4 There is a release of vasodilatory mediators such as histamine into the circulation
my shirt collar has become to tight
Which statement by the client with bronchogenic cancer indicates to the nurse that the client may be experiencing superior vena cava syndrome? 1 My skin has a bronze color. 2 My rings are loose on my fingers. Incorrect3 My feet have sores that won't heal. 4 My shirt collars have become tight.
ductus arteriosus
Which term should the nurse use to describe the artery connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery during fetal circulation? 1. Sinus venosus 2. Ostium primum 3. Ductus arteriosus 4. Perimembranous
hypovolemic
Which type of shock should the nurse assess for in a client with uncontrolled massive bleeding? 1 Septic 2 Neurogenic 3 Cardiogenic 4 Hypovolemic
The pulmonary artery leaves the left ventricle, and the aorta exits the right ventricle
While planning care for a child with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), which defect should the nurse remember? 1 The pulmonary artery leaves the right atria, and the aorta exits the left atria. 2 The pulmonary artery leaves the left ventricle, and the aorta exits the right atria. 3 The pulmonary artery leaves the right atria, and the aorta exits the left ventricle. 4 The pulmonary artery leaves the left ventricle, and the aorta exits the right ventricle.
vasoconstriction
angiotensin 1 converted to angiotensin 2 causes ___
atrium
in mitral stenosis the left ___ works harder
pericarditus
inflammation of the pericardium
left
mitral stenosis deals with which atrium
myocarditis
myocardium inflammation