Pathophysiology Post test

The nurse is reviewing the results of a recent Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) assessment. The results indicate PaO2 of 50 mmHg, PaCO2 of 40 mmHg, and O2 saturation of 82%. Which of these values is of concern to the nurse?

PaO2 and O2 saturation

When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply)

The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females. The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters. The trait is never transmitted from father to son.

Which of the following measures is an indicator of prediabetes

a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 122 with a follow up Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) of 189

A 45-year-old male was previously diagnosed with Parkinson disease. He has impaired fine repetitive motor movements. Which of the following areas of the brain does the nurse suspect is likely damaged?

basal ganglia

Which of the following statements indicates the patient has a good understanding of cancer risk factors? The most important environmental risk factor for cancer is exposure to

cigarette smoking

A nurse recalls that the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of

degranulation

The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains

ducts

When histamine is released in the body, which of the following responses would the nurse expect

edema

A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to

ischemia

A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called

metaplasia

A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?

neutrophil

During a home health visit following knee replacement, the nurse notices that the client is warm to the touch and has a fever; the incision is inflamed and not well approximated, with foul-smelling drainage around the incision line. At this point, the nurse tells the client she needs to see her surgeon because she may have:

osteomyelitis

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients into energy?

respiration

When a patient asks what types of cancers are associated with tobacco use, how should the nurse respond?

squamous and small cell adenocarcinomas

When a patient has a fever, which of the following thermoregulatory mechanisms is activated?

the body's thermostat is rest to a higher level

The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune response is

IgM

A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation

A 30-year-old male develops poison ivy after mowing the lawn near the woods. His primary care provider prescribes a synthetic cortisol. How will the cortisol relieve his symptoms?

suppressing Th1 cell activity

A couple has three offspring: one with an autosomal dominant disease trait and two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal dominant disease, but the mother does not have the disease gene. What is the recurrence risk of this autosomal dominant disease for their next child

50%

The nurse is assessing a patient who has been involved in an automobile accident. The nurse confirms that the patient has altered consciousness and applies the Glasgow Coma scale to monitor the patient's neurological status. What should be included in this assessment? Select all that apply.

Eye movement and opening Verbal responses Motor responses