Pavlov and Skinner

Is positive or negative reinforcement better?

Positive

Examples of classical conditioning in the classroom

- teacher claps, students clap - flick lights off, students get quiet - bell signals dismissal - start with easy tasks and build up

The use of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to change behavior is known as ______. a. operant conditioning b. stimulus generalization c. Pavlovian conditioning d. the conditioned reflex

A

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning? a. Students return their homework so they can participate in a preferred activity. b. Students stop, look, and listen when the teacher claps her hands. c. Students are motivated to learn because the lesson is engaging. d. Students receive a sucker if they successfully complete an assignment.

B

Pavlov is famous for his work in _____. a. contingent conditioning b. operant conditioning c. classical conditioning d. oppositional conditioning

C

Negative reinforcement can actually be

Counter productive

In _________ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior. a. associative learning b. observational learning c. operant conditioning d. classical conditioning

D

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? a. A student improves through repetition. b. A teacher flips the light to get attention. c. The teacher actively ignores misbehavior. d. A student is given praise for a job well done.

D

Positive reinforcement

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.

Negative reinforcement

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.)

Pavlov coined the term

classical conditioning

Pavlov studied

dogs

Skinner developed the term

radical behaviorism

Skinner studied

rats

Operant conditioning

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events