PE172 Ch 12 Achieving a Health Weight

Disordered Eating (Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified EDNOS)

(Becoming more common) A person that does not meet the exact criteria for one exact criteria for anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating disorders. Preoccupied with weight, body image, and food. May diet, binge, purge, fast, exercise excessively, eat in secret, or gain or lose weight off and on. Treatment necessary if it becomes long-lasting and interferes with normal functioning.

Increase (BMR)

(Increase/decrease) in lean tissue (muscle) will increase BMR.

Anorexia Nervosa

(Less Common) Psychological disorder, self inflicted starvation leads to a drastic weight loss. Associated with a greater mortality rate. (10-20%) They are obsessed with thinness and have an irrational fear of being fat. Continue to exercise and participate in school activities despite lack of energy intake. Not a loss of appetite, denial of appetite. Effects: chronic fatigue, dry and say skin, hair falling out, lack of menstruation, drop in blood pressure, and cardiac complications. Treatment: medical, psychological, and nutritional help.

Bulimia Nervosa

(More Common) Compulsive need to eat large quantities of food (bingeing) followed by purging (vomiting, laxatives, or fasting.) Often binging is in response to an intense emotional experience. Have low self esteem, self critical, sensitive to rejection but also they tend to be extroverted perfectionists that are high achieving and often academically or vocationally successful. Effects: electrolyte imbalance (especially potassium), low blood sugar, esophageal lacerations, dehydration, and nerve and liver damage (low potassium). Treatment: psychological.

Binge Eating Disorder

(became more common) Recurrent episodes of eating an amount of food much larger than most people would eat in a similar period, accompanied by a sense of lack of control or a feeling that one cannot stop. Engage in frequent binges, preoccupied with food and weight, intense feelings of body dissatisfaction, and set unrealistically high dieting standards. Use food to fill an emotional hole, not obsessed with being thin (would be happy to be an average weight), do not compensate by purging. Effects: Usually very overweight, obese. Treatment: Psychological, teach how to cope with their feelings of anxiety, loneliness, depression, shame, inferiority, and fear of criticism.

BMR (Equation)

(weight in pounds/2.2) X 24 = ___ Factor in your activity level: if none, multiply your previous answer by 1.2. This equation gives you your _____

Leptin

A hormone secreted by fat cells and informs the brain about how large or small the body fat stored are. This connection helps change metabolism actions that regulate appetite.

Calorie

A measure of energy. one pound of fat = 3,500 _______.

Endomorph (Fat Distribution)

Body type, more adipose tissue

Mesomorph (Fat Distribution)

Body type, short and muscular build

Ectomorph (Fat Distribution)

Body type, tall slender build

Overweight

Body weight in excess of a recommended range for good health. 1-19% more than desirable weight. Considered _________

Can (Environmental Factors)

Environmental factors in childhood (can/can't) influence food choices, activity levels, and later adult behaviors.

Energy Balance

Equation that states the amount of energy input (calories consumed) must equal energy energy output (calories expended) for body weigh to be constant. What is this equation called?

Weight Loss

Fad diets Gastric Bypass Lapand These are all techniques for ______ ______.

Essential Fat

Fat required for normal body function, stored in major body organs and tissues (heart, muscles, intestines, bones lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, and throughout the central nervous system. Females have extra in the breasts and pelvic region (child bearing and other hormonal functions)

Weight Management

Food Management: avoid mindless eating, portion control, understanding environment and its toxic qualities. Emotional Management: understanding why you eat and what cues trigger eating, behavior modification. Exercise Management: For long term weight loss and maintaining weight exercise is imperative. It burns calories, prevents loss of lean muscle muscle mass, decreases abdominal fat, natural appetite suppressors, and improves self esteem. These are the three ways to achieve successful ________ _________.

Obese

Having an excessive accumulation of body fat. 20 % or more than desirable weight. Considered _______.

More

If fat is located more in the the abdominal area (visceral fat) there is (more/less) of a risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, and several forms of cancer.

Decrease (BMR)

Increase in age will (increase/decrease) BMR.

Fat-Distribution (Pattern)

Measured by hip-to-waist ratio. Males tend to have more in the abdomen Females tend to have more in the his and pelvis. These are ____ ________ Patterns.

(Body) Composition

Measurement of body fat and lean body mass (muscle). Can be measured by underwater (Hydrostatic) weighing, skin fold analysis, and biological impedance analysis (BIA). These measure Body ________.

BMI (Body Mass Index)

Method of classifying overweight/obesity. Direct calculation based on height and weight. (Used universally by health professionals.) Does not measure fat vs. muscle weight or where the fat is. 18.5-24.5% is considered healthy 25-29.5% is considered overweight 30%+ is considered obese

Orthorexia Nervosa

Obsession with eating healthy foods.

Set-Point Theory (Genetics)

Proposes that each persons weight stays within the same small range. The body will compensate for changes in energy balance and keeps a persons weight within their small range. Long-term changes to diet and physical activity may change this small range.

Glycogen

Stored carbohydrates (Liver).

Thermic Effect of Food

The amount of energy expended for the body to process food.

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)

The body must expend a certain amount of energy even at rest, to sustain vital function such as brain function, organ functions, and temperature regulation. The highest proportion of total energy expenditure. More lean tissue (muscle) will increase it. Increased age will decrease it.

Storage Fat

The extra fat that accumulates in fat cells around internal organs and beneath skin surface to insulate, pad. and protect the body from trauma and extreme cold.

Desirable Weight

The recommended weight for a person's age, height, sex, and frame (fat location)

Weight Cycling

The repeated loss and regaining of body weight. There result of low-calorie or fad dieting AKA yo-yo syndrome. Makes it harder to loss weight and keep it off, increases fat stores, slows metabolism, can contribute to an increased risk of heart disease. (studies have not conclusively proved these claims)

Healthful Body Weight

This weight should be appropriate for your age, maintained without constant dieting, promotes good eating habits, allows for regular physical activity, and is acceptable to you.

Food, Emotional, Exercise

Three things to manage in order to achieve successful weight management.

80 95

Woman with a waist-to-hip ratio more than .__ is at risk. Man with a waist-to-hip ratio more than .__ is at risk.

25, 29

__-__.5% is considered overweight for BMI

18, 24

__.5-__.5% is considered a healthy BMI

BMR (2)

___ is a result of age, gender, body size, nutritional status, musculature, activity level, and genetics.

Social

____ factors family and cultural traditions, holidays celebrations, easy access to high-fat foods, less physical active lifestyles and expectation of body image. Increased portion sizes, added sugars, less preparations in ones food.

Behavior

________ factors, influence food choices, the composition of a persons diet should remain balanced. Hunger versus apetite, apetite is a psychological desire to eat (can cause overeating) and is also influenced by ________ factors.

Obesity (2)

________ occurs when a person's caloric intake greatly exceeds the amount of energy that person burns. The cause of this unbalance has many factors: Combination of metabolism, genetics, psychology, behavior, and environment.

Heredity

_________ influences the number of fat cells in the body, how much fat is stored, where it is stored, and metabolic rates.

Behavior Modification (Emotional Management)

__________ _________ is the use of techniques to enhance awareness or consciousness of a behavior and subsequently alter that behavior. Based on the premise all behavior is learned from environmental and social cues. Makes eating a more conscious act. This is a component of emotional management to achieve successful weight management.

30

over __% is considered obese for BMI