Pearson chp11 modules 3: 11.04-11.06 A&P

Graded potential's are influenced by local ion concentration. Thus changes in ion levels in one's blood may influence

-if we consider the processes where neurons receive signals from an send signals to score of other neurons a "conversation" graded potentials are influenced by what neurons "say" -when a receptor of a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy -if we consider the process where neurons receive signals from and send signals to score other neurons a "conversation" graded potential's are influenced by what neurons "listen"

Several pathological conditions result in an increase in extracellular potassium ions. Because potassium leaking out of the cell plays a major role in setting membrane potential, increased extracellular potassium ions would have what effect on the voltage of the membrane

A decrease in the electrochemical gradient would reduce potassium I am league so cells would be less negative (more depolarized)

In a neuron is stimulated at the time in the action potential where potassium channels are still open, more sodium ions than normal need to enter the cell to depolarize to sell as for every sodium ion that enters a potassium ion cannon exit, leaving the membrane potential unchanged. This phenomenon, akin to trying to fill up a bathtub while the drain is open, accounts for work property of action potentials?

A relative refractory.

Saltatory conduction

Conduction process in Myelinated axons where the electrical signals appears to jump from gap to gap along the axon

When you stub your toe, you often feel that you have struck her for a fraction of a second before you feel the pain. This phenomenon is explained by

Having pain signals carried on an unmyelinated axon while touch signals are carried on a myelinated axon

A potential of -90mV is considered

Hyperpolarized

Which statement is true concerning the leakage channels

Leak channels are found in all parts of the neuron as they contribute to resting membrane potential

Which type of ion channel opens when I chemical bonds to it

Ligand gated channels

Which type of ion channel opens when a chemical binds to it

Ligand-gated channels -ligand-gated channels, open when the appropriate chemical (in this case a neurotransmitter) binds. Membrane channels are large proteins often with several subunits. Some channels, leakage or nongated channels, are always open. Other channels are gated: part of the protein forms a molecular "gate" that changes shape to open and close the channel in response to specific signals. There are 3 main types of gated channels : chemically gated channels, also known as ligand gated channels, open window appropriate chemical (in this case a neurotransmitter )Binds.

The movement of which ion through leakage channels establishes the negative membrane potential

Potassium

The movement of which ion through leakage channels establishes the negative membrane potential

Potassium -potassium loss through abundant leakage channels establishes a negative membrane potential.

During which phase of an action potential or voltage gated potassium channels open while voltage gated sodium channels are closed

Repolarizing phase

Depolarization

Representing the portion of the action potential, where Na+ entry depolarizes the neurons, opening up additional voltage-dependent Na+ channels that allow in even more Na+

A stimulus that fails to generate an action potential is a____

Subthreshold stimulus

A neuron will not respond to the second stimulus of you go straight to the first stimulus to which it has already responded because

The neuron is in the refractory period

Excessive potassium efflux as a result of relatively slower closure of the potassium gates

The phase in an action potential known as the "after hyperpolarization"

Opening of potassium gates and the rushing out of K+

The repolarization phase in an action potential

Math the ionic activity associated with the following phase of an action potential: all voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels are closed

The resting state of a neuron

Neurons use changes in their membrane potential as signs to receive integrate, and send information. A change in membrane potential can be produced by

Anything that alters ion concentration on the two sides of the membrane, and anything that changes membrane permeability to an ion

Opening and then closing of the Na+ channel

Depolarization phase in the generation of an action potential

Any stimulus above this intensity will result in an action potential in a neuron

Threshold stimulus

Which of the following membrane (ion) channels open and close in response to challenges in the membrane potential

Voltage gated channels

The sodium potassium ion pump will

Pump three sodium ions out of the cell for every two ions of potassium it brings into the cell

The all-or- none phenomenon

An action potential occurring only if enough Na+ enters the cell and threshold is achieved by

From the opening of the sodium ion channels until the sodium ion channels begin to research to their original resting state

The absolute refractory period

The resting membrane potential of neurons is determined by

The distribution across the cell membrane of large anionic cytoplasmic proteins, sodium ions, potassium ions, and cl-

Because of this molecular property of voltage depends Na+ channels, stimulus intensity is coded by the frequency of action potentials rather than the size of the action potential. stimulus intensity is coded in neurons by the frequency of action potentials, rather than the size of the action potential. This adaptation to coding intensity by frequency is due to which of the following features of the voltage-dependent Na+ channel

The inactivation gate