PECT PreK-4 Practice Test Modules 1-3
A PreK-4 teacher can best create a culturally inclusive classroom environment for all students by regularly: A. encouraging students to share information about their cultures with the class. B. celebrating a variety of cultural holidays from around the world with students. C. placing students from similar cultural backgrounds together for small-group activities. D. providing students and their families with information about community cultural events.
A
In keeping with Pennsylvania's PreK-4 learning standards in language arts, which of the following writing skills would be most appropriate to include in language arts instruction at the first-grade level? A. revising writing by adding details or missing information B. focusing writing for a particular audience C. revising writing by varying sentence length and structures D. using transition words to clarify ideas in writing 8.
A
Lessons based on the concepts of cultural diffusion and interdependence can best be used to broaden student understanding of: A. global connections. B. institutional development. C. power relations. D. community formation.
A
Second graders are working with groups of blocks. The students find that with some groups of blocks, they can make two vertical stacks exactly the same height. With other groups of blocks, there is one block left over. What concept could be introduced? a. Even and odd numbers b. Common numbers c. Inverse operations d. None of the above
A
Since the middle of the twentieth century, some efforts have been made by the federal government to end discrimination against ethnic minorities int eh public schools. This undertaking best illustrates which of the following principles of democratic government in the United States? A. equal protection of the law B. limited government C. freedom of expression D. popular sovereignty
A
Teachers could best use a history unit on the founding of Pennsylvania to promote student understanding of which of the following elements of the social studies theme of civic ideals and practices? A. appreciation of diversity B. patriotism C. abolition of servitude D. universal suffrage
A
The strategy of "counting on" is essential for what math skill? a. Addition b. Subtraction c. Geometry d. Place value
A
There is a preschool garden in a classroom, but bugs are eating plant leaves. What should the teacher instruct the students to do? a. Teach how to maintain the ecosystem by providing natural blockades or removing the pests b. Use pesticides to kill them c. Let the bugs continue to eat the plants d. Eliminate the garden
A
Using spreadsheet software to maintain students' performance data is likely to provide a teacher with the most support in which of the following areas? A. identifying specific gaps in students' learning B. providing students with accurate and timely feedback C. designing activities to address individual learning needs D. determining an appropriate sequence of instruction
A
What is 150% of 0.024? A. 0.036 B. 0.018 C. 0.18 D. 0.3
A
What is the best benefit of having an active lifestyle for a child? a. Reduces childhood obesity b. Increases blood pressure c. Quicker reaction time
A
What would be an accurate authentic assessment for a second grader completing a unit on rocks and minerals? a. Identifying rocks using an identification card in a certain time frame, and then comparing how many students identified to the class average b. Designing a proposal for a report relating to Earth Science at home c. Making a poster to explain to the class a weather experiment d. Taking a test
A
Which disease can be prevented by vaccine? a. Measles b. Impetigo c. Strep throat d. Conjuntivitis
A
A fourth grade science teacher is doing a unit on the solar system. She uses a poster to show the solar system and wants to illustrate the great distance between planets. What would be an appropriate activity? a. Adjusting a recipe for making different amounts of cookies b. Making a proportional map of the classroom c. Comparing the surface area and volume of different boxes d. None of the above
B
Which of the following assessment practices would be considered ethical? A. obtaining actual test items to use as examples when preparing students for a standardized assessment B. using ongoing informal assessments of students' learning to guide the instructional process C. determining assessment accommodations for individual students based on their classroom performance D. posting standardized assessment results that include students' identifying information on a class Web page
B
Which of the following measuring activities would be introduced last in a second grade classroom? A. Measuring a desk using paper clips B. Measuring a desk using a meter stick C. Measuring a carpet using your feet D. Measuring the length of a desk using unit squares
B
Which of the following musical instruments is part of the percussion section of an orchestra? A. bassoon B. cymbals C. double bass D. harp
B
Teachers seeking to develop students' ability to participate constructively in civic discussions can best begin by emphasizing the importance of: A. using descriptive language to make a point. B. arranging ideas in problem-solving sequence. C. respecting the rights of others to be heard. D. anticipating the counterarguments of others.
C
The art teacher at your school uses criterion testing. Her scoring of projects is pass/fail. Her criterion for this project is below. Which student would not pass? The student will be able to use clay to construct a container. A. Tanya uses the clay to make a toothbrush holder. B. Tony uses the clay to construct a pencil case. C. Tamera uses the clay to make a snake. D. Tera uses the clay to make a mug.
C
What is the best practice to reduce the spread of common cold germs in the classroom? a. Encourage sick kids to stay home b. Disinfect the surfaces of all the desks c. Encourage and promote the regular washing of hands d. Separate the sick kids from the rest of the class
C
Which of the following is the most accessible example of weathering for students? a. A tree root splitting a sidewalk b. A nail that becomes rusted over several months c. The smoothing and rounding of rocks in a stream d. Water freezing and thawing to eventually form potholes
C
Which of the following topics presented in a lesson on ecosystems in Pennsylvania could best be used to develop students' understanding of the geographic concept of human interaction with the environment? A. food chains in Pennsylvania B. microclimate variations in Pennsylvania C. invasive species in Pennsylvania D. physical regions of Pennsylvania
C
Which physical activity would be appropriate for prekindergartners in the parallel play stage? a. Relay races b. Making a human pyramid c. Mimicking animal movements d. Playing catch
C
If N represents the set of natural numbers, W represents the set of whole numbers, and Z represents the set of integers, which of the following Venn Diagrams (sets of parenthesis) represents the relationship between the three sets of numbers? A. {Z [N (W)]} B. {W [Z (N)]} C. {N [Z (W)]} D. {Z [W (N)]}
D
In a fourth-grade class, providing explicit instruction focused on which of the following reading skills would most directly promote students' evaluative reading comprehension skills? A. summarizing the main idea of an extended text B. retrieving information from a text to answer comprehension questions C. applying background knowledge to visualize processes described in a text D. distinguishing between fact and opinion in a text
D
In addition to immunization records, what pre-primary screening and assessment information may be gathered during a child's nursery school, child care, or Head Start years? A. The child's attention span, attention to detail, and hobby interests. B. The child's music, performance, or artistic talent. C. The child's sensitivity to family, pets, and strangers. D. The child's language, motor, and social skills development.
D
In preschool, play is a primary learning tool. It is the child's work. Which of the following is a process of play? A. Observing B. Exploring C. Hypothesizing D. All of the above
D
In support of a school-wide initiative to enhance the learning environment for students with disabilities, fourth-grade teachers will be participating in regular meetings with special education professionals. The primary focus of these meetings should be to: A. identify innovative techniques that can be implemented to meet the needs of students with disabilities. B. analyze the classroom performance of students with disabilities and agree on revisions to make to the students' IEPs. C. determine the most appropriate instructional settings for students with disabilities. D. examine the effectiveness of current practices in meeting the needs of students with disabilities and make adjustments as needed.
D
Maria and her lab group have been watching the development of meal worm larva. They make a connection to caterpillars and indicate they think the meal worms will become butterflies. What is this an example of? a. An observation b. Organizing data c. An experiment d. An inference
D
Mr. Adams asks his students to match pictures to the type of energy that they represent. Which is most correct? a. Banana and electrical energy b. Light bulb and mechanical energy c. Crawling baby and potential energy d. Apple and chemical energy
D
Teachers have an ethical responsibility to: A. provide each student with opportunities to learn alongside peers with similar backgrounds. B. show flexibility in defining standards for academic performance. C. use personal preferences when determining classroom behavior expectations. D. respond to the needs of all students.
D
The most important reason for using varied assessment methods and formats with young children is that such an approach: A. allows teachers to make accurate predictions about children's future academic performance. B. helps motivate children to become actively engaged in learning. C. promotes teachers' objectivity and fairness in evaluating children's performance. D. provides children with multiple avenues to demonstrate their learning.
D
The most important reason for using varied assessment methods and formats with young children is that such an approach: a. allows teachers to make accurate predictions about children's future academic performance. b. helps motivate children to become actively engaged in learning. c. promotes teachers' objectivity and fairness in evaluating children's performance. d. provides children with multiple avenues to demonstrate their learning.
D
Use of a circle graph is best when used to answer a question about what concept? a. What is the difference between the minimum and maximum value? b. Is there a change over time? c. What is the relationship between two variables? d. How do all the parts related to the whole?
D
What is Not an aspect of the "whole child" according to Steiner? A. Mental. B. Physical. C. Spiritual. D. Play.
D
When children are placed very close together during group activities, what is a common problem? A. They listen more attentively to the group leader's directions. B. They tend to concentrate more easily on activities. C. They tend to pay more attention to the group leader. D. They tend to pay more attention to protecting personal space.
D
Which activity practices gross motor skills? a. Puzzles b. Drawing shapes c. Playing outside d. Throwing a bean bag underhand
D
Which of the following activities would best help third graders develop an awareness of audience in order to improve the clarity of their writing? A. preparing a written response to a story read aloud in class B. taking notes during an oral presentation by a group of peers C. reading informational passages about grade-level topics D. participating with other students in peer reviews of their drafts
D
Which of the following best describes the proper developmental sequence for teaching the three student standards listed below? A. 1. Explain why individuals became involved in leadership or public service. 2. Identify community workers that exist in most or all communities. 3. Describe the roles of leadership and public service in school, community, state, or nation. B. 1. Identify community workers that exist in most or all communities. 2. Explain why individuals became involved in leadership or public service. 3. Describe the roles of leadership and public service in school, community, state, or nation. C. 1. Describe the roles of leadership and public service in school, community, state, or nation. 2. Explain why individuals became involved in leadership or public service. 3. Identify community workers that exist in most or all communities. D. 1. Identify community workers that exist in most or all communities. 2. Describe the roles of leadership and public service in school, community, state, or nation. 3. Explain why individuals became involved in leadership or public service.
D
Which of the following equations represents a linear function? A. y=2/x B. y=x^3 C. y=(x^2)+4 D. y=3x+3
D
Which of the following statements accurately describes a central principle of the family systems theory? A. Families' internal dynamics are directly influenced by the community environment. B. Patterns of interaction within families remain consistent over time. C. Families evolve through predictable and identifiable developmental stages. D. Individual family members are mutually influenced by and dependent on one another.
D
A Venn diagram would be most appropriate for visually representing which of the following problems? a. What are the common multiples of 2, 3, and 5 that are less than 40? b. If 15 students in a class ride the bus to school and 10 do not, how many students are in the class? c. What is the probability that out of 3 flips of a coin, the coin will come up heads every time? d. If 4 students are wearing green shirts and 7 students are wearing blue shirts, how many students are wearing either a green or a blue shirt?
A
A first-grade teacher plans a multisensory intervention for a student using a procedure called sound boxes. In this activity, the student places tokens such as pennies into boxes drawn on a piece of paper while slowly saying the sounds in a word. For example, for the word fan, the teacher would draw a horizontal rectangle and divide it into three boxes, giving the student three tokens. The student would say the word slowly (e.g., fffaaannn) and place a token into a box as he or she says each new sound in the word. This procedure is most likely designed to improve the student's ability to: A. segment words into phonemes. B. spell words that follow regular phonics patterns. C. divide words into onsets and rimes. D. recognize common letter-sound correspondences.
A
A fourth-grade teacher creates a rubric of key criteria she will share with her students to assess their written work. The rubric defines the teacher's expectations regarding content, style, organization, and mechanics using a measurable description of the key criteria (e.g., "The first paragraph will include a statement of your central idea"). This approach to assessing students' writing is most effective for: A. guiding instructional planning and student learning in writing. B. comparing the writing skills of individual students in the class. C. creating an objective record of students' progress in writing. D. developing students' understanding of different genres of writing.
A
A fourth-grade teacher uses a variety of techniques, including questioning and journal prompts, to check for students' understanding of content-area instruction. Which of the following outcomes is likely to be the most important benefit of this strategy? A. helping the teacher identify areas where students may need additional reinforcement B. improving students' overall performance on standardized assessments C. allowing the teacher to spend less time creating and grading student assessments D. encouraging students to view learning as a process and become lifelong learners
A
A fourth-grade teacher would like to promote reluctant readers' independent reading. Which of the following teacher strategies is likely to be most effective in achieving this goal? A. engaging students in discussions about their interests and working with the library media specialist to locate appropriate-level books on these topics B. reading aloud a variety of books from the classroom library on a regular basis and engaging students in discussions related to the read-alouds C. creating attractive displays of both fiction and nonfiction books and magazines in the classroom library and regularly inviting students to browse the displays D. providing opportunities for students to visit the school's library media center and to learn about the center's resources and organization
A
A fourth-grade teacher would like to promote students' comprehension and critical analysis of literary texts by helping them draw more effective conclusions. The teacher could best achieve this goal by providing the students with explicit instruction and guided practice in: A. citing evidence from a text to support their responses to the text. B. developing a story map of a text to keep track of the text's key elements. C. using their prior experiences to make personal connections to a text. D. creating a graphic organizer to identify relationships between a text's characters.
A
A geographer would most likely use the concept of "interdependence" to analyze which of the following subjects? A. economic relations between Mexico and Canada B. the causes of global warming C. ethnic and religious divisions in the world D. the movement of tectonic plates
A
A kindergarten student is completing a triangle, circle, triangle, circle pattern at a math center. This practice is setting the stage for which mathematical concept? a. Algebra b. Geometry c. Measurement d. Probability
A
A kindergarten teacher has placed many signs around the classroom, including simple written directions (e.g., Please hang up coats!) and labels for objects (e.g., clock, Teacher's chair). During daily activities, the teacher regularly points to and reads aloud relevant signs. The teacher has also created a classroom library filled with age-appropriate books and has incorporated relevant signs and books into all the learning centers. These strategies are most effective in addressing which of the following goals related to effective instruction in emergent literacy? A. creating a print-rich environment B. providing guided and independent skills practice C. encouraging independent reading D. infusing reading activities across the curriculum
A
A kindergarten teacher is planning to read aloud a picture book to the class. One of the students in the class has a visual impairment that severely limits vision to several inches. Which of the following accommodations would best help this student participate in this activity? A. providing an individual copy of the book to the student to look at B. arranging for the student to listen to a recording of the story at a later time C. obtaining a large print copy of the book to read aloud to the class D. sitting in front of a well-lit window while reading
A
A kindergarten teacher observes two children playing together. The children are attempting to use blocks and other play materials to build a bridge for their toy cars. The first bridge that they build collapses when they begin to roll the toy cars across it. Which of the following teacher questions would best promote the development of the students' reasoning and problem-solving skills? A. Why do you think the bridge fell over? How can you build the bridge differently? B. What if you pretended that your cars could fly? Would you still need to build a bridge? C. What different objects did you use to make your bridge? How are they different? D. Can you picture a real bridge in your mind? Did your bridge look like a real bridge?
A
A third-grade teacher develops an assessment for a particular unit prior to writing up the daily lesson plans for the unit. The most important advantage of this approach is that it helps the teacher: A. align daily lessons and activities with the targeted learning outcomes. B. develop an assessment to match state standards. C. ensure that the assessment will be accessible for all students. D. improve presentation skills for delivering instruction.
A
An abacus helps reinforce which concept? a. Place value b. Rounding numbers c. Fractions d. None of the above
A
A kindergarten teacher works with two students who are English language learners who have no prior exposure to English. She exposes them to natural English in meaningful contexts but does not push them to contribute to discussions. She allows them to respond to questions nonverbally or with one word answers. The teacher's actions best demonstrate her awareness that second-language learners often: A. go through a silent period during which they produce very little oral language. B. experience first-language interference that hinders their ability to speak a new language. C. develop expressive language skills before they develop receptive language skills. D. have limited experience speaking their first language for communicative purposes.
A
A new teacher regularly writes in a teaching journal. In addition to considering the success of his lessons, the teacher reflects on his interactions with students and on how his thoughts and actions during these interactions were culturally motivated. This strategy best demonstrates the teacher's awareness of which of the following principles? A. Personal values and beliefs can influence a teacher's communication practices. B. High expectations for all students can promote their academic performance. C. Social identity and peer pressure can affect students' classroom behavior. D. Effective conflict-resolution skills can help a teacher prevent classroom conflicts.
A
A new third-grade teacher believes that too much instructional time is being used each day to pass out students' graded work, so the teacher decides to put graded papers in a basket for students to pick up on their own throughout the day. This action is considered inappropriate primarily because it: A. infringes on the students' right to privacy. B. requires the students to assume responsibility for an administrative task. C. diminishes the students' sense of accountability. D. provides students with delayed feedback regarding their performance.
A
A prekindergarten teacher guides students in learning to sing "The Farmer in the Dell" by providing props such as a straw hat for the farmer and a cow bell for the cow. The children's use of these props is most likely to encourage their development of: A. symbolic understanding. B. critical-thinking skills. C. pattern recognition. D. problem-solving skills.
A
A prekindergarten teacher helps students memorize a poem and recite it chorally. The teacher could best use this activity to build a foundation for which of the following literacy skills? A. prosodic reading B. independent word-learning C. strategic reading D. responsive listening
A
A prekindergarten teacher regularly writes students' comments on chart paper during whole-class discussions and rereads the comments to the class. This practice supports young children's emergent literacy development primarily by promoting their: A. awareness of the relationship between print and spoken language. B. skill in identifying basic letter-sound correspondences. C. understanding that spoken language is made of smaller phonological units. D. knowledge of a wide range of environmental print.
A
A preschool student has been receiving special education services and will continue to receive services in kindergarten. An IEP meeting is being planned for the student's transition to kindergarten. Which of the following roles is most appropriate for the general education kindergarten teacher to play in this IEP meeting? A. developing appropriate academic interventions and strategies to meet curricular goals B. writing reports documenting the decisions of the team C. determining which special education services the student is eligible to receive D. facilitating the discussion of the participants
A
A preschool student has been receiving special education services and will continue to receive services in kindergarten. An IEP meeting is being planned for the student's transition to kindergarten. Which of the following roles is most appropriate for the general education kindergarten teacher to play in this IEP meeting? a. developing appropriate academic interventions and strategies to meet curricular goals b. writing reports documenting the decisions of the team c. determining which special education services the student is eligible to receive d. facilitating the discussion of the participants
A
A second-grade student frequently makes errors such as reading the words taped as tapped, hoping as hopping, and shines as shins when reading aloud. Which of the following approaches to addressing the student's difficulty is likely to be most effective? A. providing the student with explicit review and practice reading and spelling CVCe words that contain inflectional endings B. providing the student with explicit instruction in common syllable types and syllabication guidelines C. engaging the student in daily fluency activities focused on silent reading of texts written at the student's instructional reading level D. teaching the student how to distinguish between a syllable and a morpheme in multisyllable words
A
A second-grade teacher is beginning an integrated content-area unit on farming. As an introduction to the unit, the teacher helps students brainstorm words related to the concept of farming and guides students in creating a semantic map with the words. This activity best illustrates a strategy targeting which of the following essential components of effective vocabulary instruction? A. deepening and clarifying students' knowledge of known words B. providing direct instruction in new content-specific words C. promoting students' comprehension of academic language D. fostering the use of independent word-learning strategies
A
A second-grade teacher is planning to read aloud a story to the class and would like to use this activity to reinforce and build on students' literary analysis skills. Which of the following strategies would likely be most appropriate and effective in achieving this goal at this grade level? A. guiding students to identify the main characters and major events in the story B. prompting students to retell the story orally in their own words after the reading C. inviting students to discuss their favorite and least favorite parts of the story D. asking students to use evidence from the story to explain the author's purpose
A
A teacher is instructing a lesson about factors and gives pairs of students 8 plastic cubes. Which question could the teacher ask that would accurately introduce this concept? a. How many different rectangles can you make? b. How many sides does a cube have? c. What shape do you make when you combine 4 cubes? d. When you stack 3 cubes on top of each other, how many faces are covered?
A
Three or four phases of cardiac rehabilitation may be conducted for patients having suffered a myocardial infarction. At which phase would exercise physiologists most likely begin performing cardiac rehabilitation exercises? A. Phase I B. Phase II C. Phase III D. Phase IV
B
Which of the following accommodations to a content-area reading assignment best provides universal access for all learners? A. providing digital textbooks with features such as images, text-to-speech, videos, and modifiable text B. reading aloud the text to students as they follow along in their textbooks and asking frequent questions C. offering after-school peer tutoring for students who need extra help reading the content D. providing a list of vocabulary words and definitions to students in advance of the reading
A
Which of the following activities would best help fourth graders apply their knowledge of oral language to promote their understanding of punctuation conventions used in writing? A. reading their writing aloud, making note of pauses and intonation patterns B. reading and writing poems that include a range of end punctuation marks C. inventing imaginary punctuation and rules and using them in sample sentences D. naming each punctuation mark aloud when reading aloud a draft of their writing
A
Which of the following characteristics would indicate atypical cognitive development in a four-year-old child? A. having difficulty matching a toy car to a picture of a car B. naming only four colors correctly C. counting accurately to ten but no further D. engaging only occasionally in fantasy play
A
Which of the following is a content area in early childhood development? A. Aesthetics. B. Scaffolding learning. C. Establishing learning centers. D. Encouraging play.
A
Which of the following is a fundamental principle of science? A. Scientific investigations are based on observations and questions. B. Scientific models are developed before starting an experiment. C. Scientific theories that have been accepted are deemed absolute truths. D. Scientific results not supporting a hypothesis should be ignored.
A
Which of the following is an essential component of a formative assessment? A. monitoring and adjusting a teaching strategy during the learning process based on individual student progress B. the production of behavioral and academic progress reports that incorporate parental or caregiver insights C. identifying and summarizing an individual student's strengths and needs at the end of a unit or semester D. the development of a timeline designating tasks that will be accomplished by a particular student in a given period of time
A
Which skill must a student have before they are able to add the numbers 1-5? a. Counting forward from 1-10 b. Counting backwards from 10 c. Recognizing written numerals d. Writing numbers 1-10
A
What activity would help show fourth grade students that white light is made up of different wavelengths of light? a. Make a simple kaleidoscope out of cardboard tubes and wax paper b. In a dark room, shine a white light into a prism and observe the different colors that come out c. Use only blue and yellow light to grow plants in the classroom d. None of the above
B
A fourth-grade class includes a number of students who are English language learners. The teacher is designing formative assessment to measure students' understanding of a specific science concept. When developing this assessment, the teacher can use Pennsylvania's Language Proficiency Standards for English Language Learners PreK-12 (ELPS) most effectively to: A. identify the particular supports that individual students are likely to require during the assessment. B. help ensure that the language function of the assessment is appropriate for the students' level of English language proficiency. C. make adaptations to the core content assessed that are appropriate for the students' academic levels. D. determine whether students have achieved the necessary level of English language proficiency to participate in the assessment.
B
A kindergarten teacher frequently uses home-school notebooks to communicate with families about their children's progress. For example, the teacher and family of one student recently used such a notebook to keep one another informed about the student's progress in mastering specific self-help skills. This approach is likely to be most effective in promoting which of the following outcomes? A. fostering in students a sense of responsibility with regard to their own learning B. establishing partnerships with families in the assessment of their children's learning and development C. helping build caring and friendly relationships between the teacher and students D. enhancing families' ability to reinforce at home what their children are learning in school
B
A kindergarten teacher is using direct instruction to teach new vocabulary to students. Which of the following strategies would best help students integrate the new words into their existing vocabulary? A. having students maintain a personal word list of new words B. using the new words with students several times in different spoken contexts C. guiding students to look up the new words in a children's dictionary D. having students use illustrated cards to review the meaning of new words
B
A kindergarten teacher wants to develop observational skills in her students. What would be an appropriate activity to use? a. Describe the birds they see around the school using a list of terms provided by the teacher b. Sort objects by common characteristics c. Look at the different parts of a flower using a magnifying glass d. None of the above
B
A kindergarten teacher who wants to provide a positive social context for learning decides that one way to do this is to ensure educational equity for all students. The teacher can best promote such equity by: A. using similar instructional methods and materials for all students. B. providing all students with support in meeting high standards of achievement. C. offering all students choices regarding their own learning activities. D. creating a program in which the families of all students are encouraged to participate
B
A recently hired prekindergarten teacher who is new to the area can best prepare to be an effective advocate for students by taking which of the following actions? A. developing a strong, positive relationship with an assigned mentor B. learning about the characteristics and needs of families within the community C. researching advocacy activities undertaken in similar districts in recent years D. engaging in reflection and self-assessment to identify professional strengths and challenges
B
A second-grade teacher is planning reading instruction at the beginning of the school year and would like to determine the entry-level skills of individual students in key areas of reading. Which of the following types of assessments would be most appropriate for the teacher to use to assess entering students' decoding skills? A. a norm-referenced reading achievement test B. an informal phonics inventory C. a summative curriculum-based measurement D. an oral reading fluency test
B
A second-grade teacher uses rhyming chants and songs describing animals during a lesson on the different characteristics of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. This use of music to convey information will most likely contribute to students' learning in which of the following ways? A. developing students' critical-thinking skills B. enhancing students' ability to remember content vocabulary C. promoting students' analytic and reasoning skills D. increasing students' curiosity and motivation to expand their knowledge
B
A student is setting a table in the kitchen center of a prekindergarten classroom. The student sets four plates on the table and then places one spoon beside each plate. The teacher sits down next to the student. Which of the following comments by the teacher would likely be most effective for extending the student's thinking during this dramatic play experience? A. "Do you mind if I help you set the table?" B. "What kind of meal are you going to serve?" C. "You're doing a nice job setting the table." D. "Do you know there are bowls in the kitchen?"
B
A teacher delivering standards-based literacy instruction grounded in scientificbased reading research is most likely to use the results of reading assessments for which of the following purposes? A. using formal and informal assessments to place students into the most appropriate reading group for a given school year B. using ongoing informal assessments to continually plan and modify individual students' reading goals and instruction C. using formal standardized assessments to diagnose each student's reading difficulties at the beginning of the school year D. using comprehensive summative reading achievement assessments on a weekly to biweekly basis to monitor students' progress
B
A teacher has students cut a square or rectangle from a piece of paper. She then has students draw a line connecting opposing corners. The class discusses their findings. What is she trying to teach the students about? a. Similarity b. Right triangles c. Parallel lines d. Slope
B
A teacher wants to model I Messages as a healthy form of communication. What would be a good statement for the teacher to use? a. I asked you to put it on the shelf the first time b. When you throw blocks, I feel worried that you will hit someone c. When you follow directions, I feel like you are good students d. None of the above
B
A third grade teacher is introducing a unit on weather and the water cycle. What would be an appropriate introductory activity? a. Write reports on historical weather events b. Have students recall experiences with extreme weather like a big snowstorm or heat wave c. Ask students to provide guesses as to what causes severe weather d. Tell students to wash their hands in cold water
B
What is the best way to promote healthy classrooms? a. Use disinfectant wipes b. Teach and encourage the importance of washing hands c. Move the children's seats so not to spread germs d. Have kids that are sick stay home
B
A third-grade teacher would like to develop students' ability to understand and use longer sentence structures and academic vocabulary. Which of the following instructional practices would be most effective to use for this purpose during a class discussion of a reading passage? A. modeling contextual analysis with a syntactically challenging sentence from the passage B. using restatement and open-ended questions to clarify and extend students' remarks about the passage C. posting definitions of key words from the passage on the board prior to the discussion D. asking students to create a graphic organizer representing the main ideas or argument in the passage
B
According to privacy rights guidelines, a teacher could appropriately share a student's school records with which of the following individuals? A. a teacher who taught the student two years ago and wishes to check on the student's academic progress B. a school counselor who believes the student would benefit from participating in upcoming small-group counseling sessions C. a college professor who has received a substantial grant to conduct research on factors that influence young children's learning D. a school nurse who knows the student outside of school and is a long-time friend of the student's family
B
At the beginning of the school year, a kindergarten teacher establishes a variety of classroom roles that rotate on a daily basis. The roles include Calendar Helper and Star of the Day. The Calendar Helper identifies and announces the day of the week, the date, and the day's weather, with teacher support if needed. The Star of the Day shares an object, talking briefly about the item and then answering three questions about it from classmates and/or the teacher. Regularly performing these types of classroom roles directly benefits students' emergent literacy development primarily by enhancing the students': A. self-confidence and comfort level in front of their peers. B. ability to use a range of expressive language skills. C. knowledge of content vocabulary across the curriculum. D. personal responsibility and perseverance with tasks.
B
Dancers are most likely to use improvisation exercises as a way to: A. warm up muscles before beginning to dance. B. discover new ways of moving and communicating meaning. C. feel the rhythm and form of the music more clearly. D. improve movement technique and partnering skills.
B
Federal law allows schools to disclose information in a student's educational records without parental consent to which of the following individuals? A. representatives of community agencies that provide services to the school B. educators with legitimate educational interest in the student C. staff at postsecondary institutions who are conducting educational research D. teachers who provide instruction to the student's sibling(s)
B
How would you foster an awareness of the seasons and weather changes in a kindergarten student? a. Have students chart the daily temperature and precipitation using information from a local newspaper b. Sort clothes, tools, and toys according the their appropriate season c. Use a flashlight and a beach ball to explain how the earth's orbit affects the seasons d. Explore the weather of different countries
B
Jenny has difficulty with holding her bladder. She takes medication and needs frequent trips to the restroom. Her mother wants to make sure that her issues are dealt with fairly when she begins school. Which of the following might be enacted in Jenny's case? A. Due process B. Section 504 f the Rehabilitation Act C. An IEP D. LRE
B
Mrs. Purpose is using a list of words with her phonemic awareness group. She wants the group to hear the difference in word endings. Which set of words would be most effective for this activity? A. hat, cat, sat B. cab, cat, cap C. Color, hammer, car D. cart, cattle, story
B
Once a week, a second-grade teacher conducts a fluency check with each student. The teacher has the student read aloud an unfamiliar, appropriate-level passage for one minute as the teacher notes errors on a separate copy of the passage. The teacher calculates the number of words the student read correctly during that minute, and both the teacher and the student maintain charts of the student's weekly progress. This type of activity primarily focuses on which of the following aspects of reading fluency? A. accuracy B. rate C. prosody D. automaticity
B
One of the most important responsibilities of a teacher is the construction of valid and reliable tests. Which of the following is not one of the basic principles of test construction? A. Construct a blueprint that reflects the objectives of the content to be learned. B. Include only students who have mastered the set of criteria necessary for the test. C. Be sure that tests reflect the emphasis given to various objectives during instruction of knowledge and/or skills. D. Follow best testing procedures for the area of knowledge or the skill the student is expected to acquire.
B
Results from informal assessments indicate that a second-grade student who is a struggling reader still relies mostly on invented spellings when writing. Based on this evidence, which of the following types of interventions would best address the student's needs? A. modeling strategies for memorizing letter sequences in words B. providing intensive instruction in complex phonics patterns C. using repeated reading with texts featuring grade-level word patterns D. providing explicit instruction in structural analysis skills
B
Second-grade students are painting scenes from a recent field trip to a historic site. As the teacher observes their work, he says to one student, "Jeff, I see the different shades of green you are using to paint the leaves and the grass." This comment most supports Jeff's creative development because: A. attention and praise develop appreciation for details. B. it values the process as well as the product. C. describing actions reinforces recall and repetition. D. it encourages efforts to perceive visual subtleties.
B
Teachers often have students share what they write with a group or a partner. What is the best reason for having students share writing pieces? A. So that students can help each other edit taking the burden from the teacher. B. Students will help each other by responding as readers or listeners. C. The partner is a different audience each time a piece is read. D. Different topics will be addressed as partners see what others are writing.
B
Teaching students that concrete objects can be used to represent the real thing indicates that a lesson is using which of the following scientific instructional themes. A. Systems B. Models C. Constancy and Change D. Scale
B
Which can cause postnatal cognitive impairment? a. Smoking b. Lead paint c. Food additives d. Cleaning supplies
B
Which of the following preconditions is most essential to effective collaboration among a group of teachers with diverse philosophies and teaching styles? A. arranging for a school administrator to participate in their planning activities and mediate as needed B. recognizing that they have a common goal of educating the students entrusted to their care C. providing one another with background information on the students in their classes D. identifying a leader who will be responsible for leading discussions and recording decisions
B
Which of the following sentences contains a metaphor? A. When I wear those tennis shoes, I feel like a 10-year-old kid again. B. The harvest moon was a jack-o'-lantern smiling in the october sky. C. Autumn leaves blew across the yard like giant pieces of confetti. D. The evening brought with it a sweet scent of lavender and wood smoke.
B
Which of the following statements best describes a major role of assessment anchors in the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA)? A. providing uniform rules for the types of tests that are allowed to be administered to students in preparing for the PSSA B. clarifying the standards assessed on the PSSA to support students' learning of essential skills and knowledge C. defining the diverse range of tasks that underlie the educational goals assessed on the PSSA at different grade levels D. providing a conversion tool for converting a particular student's PSSA score into a grade-level equivalent
B
Which of the following types of drawing is most likely to develop children's observation skills? A. connect the dots B. self-portrait C. hand contour D. color-by-number
B
Which of the following words contains a diphthong? A. anchor B. boiled C. measure D. truths
B
Which practice reinforces geometry concepts? a. Putting two colored squares on the board and discussing the color of each b. Ask students, "Who is standing behind you? Beside you? In front of you?" c. Ask students, "Who is first? Second? Third?" d. Practicing fractions
B
You are on the playground at recess and Johnny runs to the other side of the fence to chase after a ball. He is heading out into the street and there is a car coming. You cannot get to him in time. What should you yell to be sure he stops? a. No, Johnny! b. Johnny, no! c. Stop Johnny! d. Watch out Johnny!
B
A characteristic of living ornganisms that distinguishes them from nonliving things is that living organisms: A. change in shape over time. B. have a carbon-based chemistry. C. are made up of cells. D. are capable of performing work.
C
A first-grade student who demonstrates mastery of phonemic blending is having difficulty sounding out and blending VC and CVC words in printed word lists and connected text. Based on this information, the student would probably benefit most from an intervention designed to improve the student's: A. development of oral reading fluency. B. awareness of key concepts of print. C. letter-sound correspondence skills. D. knowledge of high-frequency sight words.
C
A group of second graders is posing theories on how clouds are formed. One student proposes the idea that clouds are made of snow and when the snow melts, it rains. Many students agree with this idea. How can you correct this thinking? a. Show students the difference between summer and winter clouds b. Explain that when people are in planes, they see white fluffy clouds c. Make a cloud by heating water in a plastic bottle d. Asking students in what part of the water cycle is snow evaporated
C
A kindergarten student, who is typically easygoing and friendly, has begun acting out in class and being verbally aggressive toward peers. The teacher is consulting with the school counselor about these recent changes in the student's behavior. This consultation is likely to be most productive if the teacher begins by providing the counselor with which of the following pieces of information? A. notes from the parents describing the student's behavior at home B. results from the student's most recent standardized assessments C. a description of the student's behavior and strategies the teacher has implemented D. the complete educational history and attendance records for the student
C
A kindergarten teacher shows the class a picture of two buildings and asks the questions: "Which building has more windows? Which building has fewer cars outside?" What mathematical skill is the teacher reinforcing? a. Ordering numbers b. Identifying patterns in the real world c. Drawing conclusions from observational data d. None of the above
C
A kindergarten teacher wants to develop the concept of set and which items belong in a set. What would be an appropriate activity for her to do? a. Have students use as many words as they can think of to describe a tree and a set of playground equipment b. Look at two objects and tell how they are similar and different c. Give students a set of pattern blocks and have the students sort the blocks into categories they see fit d. Give students sticks of differing lengths and have them put them in order from smallest to biggest
C
A kindergarten teacher's weekly newsletter includes information about community programs and special events that are designed specifically for children. This practice is likely to be most effective in helping the teacher achieve which of the following goals? A. reinforcing to families the importance of their children's regular participation in enrichment activities B. promoting families' recognition of the teacher's knowledge and expertise C. connecting families with resources to help promote their children's learning and development D. providing the foundation for a positive relationship between school and home
C
A librarian reads to six-year-olds about two friends who argue and end up in a minor fight. Saying that arguments are normal, the librarian helps the group discuss ways to prevent arguments from becoming fights. An excerpt of the list is shown below. *Do not yell or hit. *Listen to the other person. *State the main problem. *Work out an agreement. This activity is particularly important for introducing children to which of the following types of life skills? A. using active listening skills to clarify a speaker's intent B. developing resistance skills to maintain personal safety C. using social skills to resolve conflicts constructively D. developing assertiveness skills to resist negative peer pressure
C
A new teacher's meetings with an assigned mentor are likely to be most productive if the new teacher: A. obtains information from the mentor about the topics to be addressed prior to each meeting. B. documents what occurs at each meeting and then periodically reviews the documentation. C. prepares for each meeting by identifying particular classroom concerns to discuss. D. begins each meeting by summarizing learning goals addressed in class since the last meeting.
C
A physical education teacher sets up the following way. She encourages students to move through, landing one foot in each hoop. What skill is this reinforcing? OOOO OOOO a. Power b. Strength c. Agility d. Flexibility
C
A prekindergarten teacher gathers samples of students' artwork in individual student portfolios during the course of the school year. At the end of the year, the teacher can most effectively use the portfolios for which of the following purposes? A. diagnosing students' disabilities B. determining students' preferred learning styles C. documenting students' development D. evaluating students' achievement of expected outcomes
C
A problem-solving exercise would likely provide the most appropriate and effective means of assessing student mastery of which of the following kindergarten social studies standards? A. Describe how individuals are unique and special. B. Compare and contrast customs of families in communities around the world. C. Identify and practice using money. D. Locate and discuss places in the home, school, and community.
C
A student in a kindergarten class is playing at the water table, placing different toys in the water. The student notices that one toy floats and another sinks to the bottom and asks the teacher why some toys float. Which of the following responses from the teacher would be most strongly consistent with a constructivist approach to learning? A. "Let's go read a book about water and see what it says about floating." B. "Why don't we ask some of the other students and see if they know the answer?" C. "Let's try to make some other things float and see if we can figure it out together." D. "Why don't I tell you the answer when we have our science time later?"
C
A student in a kindergarten class is playing at the water table, placing different toys in the water. The student notices that one toy floats and another sinks to the bottom and asks the teacher why some toys float. Which of the following responses from the teacher would be most strongly consistent with a constructivist approach to learning? a."Let's go read a book about water and see what it says about floating." b."Why don't we ask some of the other students and see if they know the answer?" c.Let's try to make some other things float and see if we can figure it out together." d.Why don't I tell you the answer when we have our science time later?"
C
A student is doing math problems that require adding two digit and one digit numbers and subtracting one digit numbers from two digit numbers. The student gets all the problems correct except for two subtraction problems. How should the teacher correct the student's problem? a. Review place value with the student b. Use manipulatives c. Teach the student how to check subtraction through addition d. None of the above
C
A teacher engages her students in a discussion regarding safe and unsafe practices on the playground. What would be an appropriate follow up activity to this discussion? a. Tell students that if they do one of the unsafe practices, they will be punished b. Encourage students to report any unsafe practices to the teacher c. As a class, come up with a list of playground rules to keep everyone safe d. Encourage seat belt use in cars
C
A teacher is planning instruction to promote four-year-olds' development of skills related to Pennsylvania's PreK-4 learning standard about reading, analyzing, and interpreting text. With children at this developmental level, which of the following approaches to a read-aloud activity would be most appropriate for the teacher to use to develop the children's conceptual understanding of fact and opinion? A. having the children identify characters who demonstrate examples of faulty reasoning in a fable B. asking the children to decide which statements related to an article in a children's nature magazine are true or false C. helping the children tell one thing they learned from a nonfiction text D. showing the children how to differentiate between essential and nonessential information in a nonfiction children's picture book
C
A teacher is starting a unit on earthquakes and volcanoes. She knows that most of her students have adequate prior knowledge of this topic except for five students. What should she do to ensure these students have adequate background knowledge before beginning the unit? a. Put these five students in the same group and give them more time to work on assignments b. Give the five students a website to explore at home so they can get background knowledge on their own time c. Show the whole class pictures and give explanations so that the whole class receives some background knowledge d. Put these five students in discussion groups with students who have prior knowledge of the topic
C
A teacher learns that the district is considering requiring all first-grade students to engage in academic testing that the teacher believes is developmentally inappropriate. In this situation, the teacher can best serve as an advocate for students by taking which of the following actions first? A. discussing the issue with students' families B. offering to help a local reporter write a story on the issue C. talking to the school principal about the issue D. posting research on the issue on the school's Web site
C
A third-grade teacher has students create a KWL chart prior to reading an informational text about fossils. This strategy is likely to promote students' motivation and comprehension primarily in which of the following ways? A. by enabling students to learn unfamiliar content words independently B. by encouraging students to evaluate the author's point of view as they read C. by helping students establish a purpose for reading the text prior to reading D. by scaffolding students' understanding of the organizational structure of the text
C
A third-grade teacher is planning instruction on the roles of the three branches of the U.S. government. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for the teacher to use to promote students' understanding of the role of the legislative branch? A. assisting students with nominating and electing class officers B. inviting a member of local law enforcement to speak to students C. having students work in groups to create a set of classroom rules D. asking students to read and discuss the school's code of conduct
C
A third-grade teacher regularly models for students how to paraphrase a portion of a text and how to pose and respond to questions that clarify or follow up on information presented in a text. These practices promote students' literacy development primarily by: A. supporting their development of dispositions and attitudes that help create a purposeful, literate environment in the classroom. B. enhancing their knowledge of the organizational structure of different types of text. C. promoting their development of self-monitoring skills that support reading and learning across the curriculum. D. fostering their ability to make connections between the reading curriculum and their lives.
C
An IEP annual review meeting has been scheduled for a second-grade student who is currently placed in a general education classroom full time. Which of the following elements of the review is most likely to be provided by the student's general education teacher? A. a recommendation for additional diagnostic testing for the student B. an explanation of the student's standardized test scores C. a description of the present level of performance the student has achieved D. an overview of the nature of the student's special needs
C
An understanding that individual musical notes represent different tones would most likely help an emergent reader develop an understanding of the relationship between individual letters and which of the following elements of language? A. syllables B. words C. phonemes D. sentences
C
As part of a science unit on earth systems, a fourth-grade teacher will have students watch an instructional video about the water cycle. Before viewing, the teacher conducts a brief guided discussion related to the content of the video, using questions such as "What are some ways water moves from place to place on, above, and below the earth's surface?" The teacher's strategy will likely enhance students' comprehension of the video primarily in which of the following ways? A. by previewing content-specific words and phrases and prompting students to apply critical-thinking skills B. by modeling personal engagement with the video's content and explaining the relevance of the content to students' lives C. by relating the content to prior knowledge and engaging students in actively listening for information D. by providing an outline of the video's organizational structure and enhancing students' ability to recall important details
C
As second-grade students are learning a new science concept, the teacher helps them acquire knowledge and skills that they could not acquire on their own by using prompts, giving suggestions, providing feedback, and modeling activities. In this situation, which of the following strategies is the teacher primarily using to foster students' cognitive development? A. modeling B. cooperative learning C. scaffolding D. inquiry learning
C
Children who demonstrate typical language development most often begin using two-word utterances between the ages of: A. 6 to 9 months. B. 12 to 15 months. C. 18 to 24 months. D. 30 to 36 months.
C
Complete proteins come from which food group? a. Fruits b. Vegetables c. Dairy d. Whole grains
C
Following a class visit to a local wildlife preserve, a second-grade teacher has students write an original folktale that takes place in that setting. Learning to use which of the following tools would be most helpful to students as they begin to develop ideas for their writing? A. semantic web B. KWL chart C. story map D. Venn diagram
C
In a PreK-4 program that practices a philosophy of inclusion for students with disabilities, a fundamental responsibility for teachers is to ensure that students with disabilities: A. are subject to the same evaluative criteria as their nondisabled peers. B. have opportunities to interact with others who have similar disabilities. C. are active participants in all class activities. D. have peer helpers available to assist with social challenges in the classroom.
C
In choosing a professional development activity from among various options, a teacher's first consideration should be to determine which option is most likely to: A. be relevant to teaching across a range of subject areas and grade levels. B. offer participants an opportunity to network with educators from other schools. C. provide research-based information relevant to current instructional issues or needs. D. reflect the ideas of individuals who represent varied backgrounds and points of view.
C
Jessica, a 6 month old baby in the infant room, has been losing weight, is irritable and has been tired and sleepy everyday she is at the center. On top of that, Jessica does not smile or make any type of social response to her caretakers and she is showing indicators that she is delayed in motor development. Lastly, Jessica does not appear to have a bond with anyone that cares for her, even her mother. What is the developmental concern that may be happening with Jessica? A. Going through a growth spurt B. Jessica is exhibiting signs that she has a developmental disorder like autism C. Jessica is showing signs that she is failing to thrive D. Jessica is showing symptoms of a slow to warm up child
C
Mrs. Vote is reviewing decimals with her class. She says that some decimals are terminating and some are repeating. Which is an example of a repeating decimal? a. 0.315 b. 0.0376234 c. 0.0575757 d. 0.25254
C
PreK-4 teachers have the goal of being culturally competent educators who use an understanding of diversity among young children to plan developmentally, culturally, and linguistically appropriate instruction that meets the needs of all their students. The most important first step for the teachers to take in achieving this goal is to: A. use the Internet and other resources to gather basic information about various world cultures. B. survey students' families to determine what they perceive their role to be in their children's learning. C. examine their own cultures and beliefs and their impact on interactions with students. D. observe individual students in self-selected activities to determine their preferred learning styles.
C
A first-grade teacher explains that he is going to read a story aloud and he wants students to consider how the story makes them feel. Afterward, he prompts the students to recall and discuss specific words and phrases the author used to evoke particular feelings. This oral language activity supports students' literacy development primarily by helping the students: A. retell a story's key events accurately. B. make and verify predictions about a story. C. connect key events in a story to their own lives. D. develop an awareness of a story's tone.
D
A first-grade teacher uses a language experience approach with beginning-level students who are English language learners. A student dictates a story based on personal experience to the teacher who writes the story verbatim. The teacher then leads the student in various reading and language activities using the dictated text. A primary benefit of this approach is that it helps the student: A. access important content-area vocabulary. B. develop phonemic awareness in English. C. achieve grade-level reading and writing standards. D. make connections between oral and written English.
D
A group of primary-grade teachers is reviewing potential core instructional materials for teaching beginning-reading skills. The most important selection criteria for the teachers to consider would be to ensure that the materials: A. include clear, appealing visual supports such as illustrations. B. are linked to a variety of online teacher resources. C. include supplemental assessments and learning activities. D. are aligned with relevant state learning standards.
D
A historian would likely find bibliographies and periodical indexes most useful for which of the following research tasks? A. formulating historical questions B. organizing historical information C. analyzing historical trends D. acquiring historical information
D
A kindergarten teacher reads aloud a poem that contains alliteration in each line. The teacher reads the poem twice, each time emphasizing the alliteration. On the third reading, the teacher invites the children to repeat each line exactly as the teacher recited it. This activity is most effective in promoting the children's development in which of the following areas of emergent literacy? A. alphabetic awareness B. letter-sound correspondence C. letter recognition D. phonological awareness
D
A kindergarten teacher sets up a center with ramps of different heights, trucks, and balls. Interacting with these materials could introduce which concept to students? a. Gravitational acceleration b. Friction c. Inertia d. Gravity
D
A prekindergarten teacher wants to establish a classroom environment in which spontaneous play is encouraged and play is recognized and valued as meaningful learning. Which of the following strategies would likely be most effective for the teacher to use to achieve this goal? A. modeling the correct way to play with new toys and games when introducing them to the classroom B. asking students to bring in their favorite playthings from home to share with their classmates during show-and-tell C. designing assessments that ask students to demonstrate content knowledge through play activities D. ensuring that a variety of materials are available in the classroom for students to try out and explore during playtime
D
A second-grade teacher is reading a story aloud to a class that includes several students who are English language learners. Throughout the reading, the teacher pauses to verify students' comprehension. The teacher encourages all students to speak and participate in discussions during and after the reading. Which of the following types of feedback from the teacher would provide meaningful English language input to the students who are English language learners during the discussions? A. repeating what students say to model correct pronunciation B. posing literal questions that elicit one- or two-word answers C. giving simple explanations about basic grammar rules and syntax D. responding to the intent and content of the students' utterances
D
A second-grade teacher uses evidence-based flexible grouping and selects different types of texts (e.g., decodable texts, leveled texts, chapter books) for different reading groups. These practices best demonstrate the teacher's awareness of the importance of which of the following principles of effective beginning reading instruction? A. exposing students to a variety of text genres B. accommodating students' diverse linguistic backgrounds and approaches to learning C. aligning students' reading goals with state standards D. transitioning students to more challenging texts as they progress in their reading skills
D
A student is having trouble with single by double digit addition. Which assessment could best pinpoint the problem? a. Criterion referenced assessment b. Norm referenced assessment c. Performance assessment d. Error analysis
D
A student who is an English language learner who qualifies for migrant education services joins a second-grade class partly into the school year. The teacher is preparing to administer a variety of informal assessments to the student. Which of the following teacher goals should be the main focus of these assessments? A. evaluating whether the student demonstrates any signs of a disability B. determining the student's general level of English language proficiency C. measuring the student's language proficiency and literacy level in the home language D. identifying any specific weaknesses in the student's academic knowledge and skills
D
A teacher assesses a child using a running record. She notes that the student's prosody need to improve. What is prosody? A. Speed of reading B. Accuracy of reading C. Comprehension level D. Cadence and expression
D
A teacher instructs students to stand side by side, but not allow their shoulders to touch. The teacher asks the students to walk around the room and then tells them to stop after a while. What concept is the teacher introducing? a. Following directions b. Hand/eye coordination c. Motor skills d. Personal space
D
A third-grade student is having difficulty reading words and syllables that contain complex letter combinations, which is affecting her comprehension of grade-level texts. For example, the student reads the word stretch as [st] [rĕt] [ch] and the word pledge as [p] [lĕd] [guh]. Which of the following intervention strategies is likely to be most effective in addressing this student's reading difficulty and advancing her reading development? A. having the student engage in daily rereading of passages that include morphologically complex words B. modeling for the student how to use context clues in a text to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words C. engaging the student in daily practice reading word lists comprising gradelevel irregular sight words D. providing the student with instruction and practice decoding consonant clusters as chunks
D
A third-grade teacher would like to monitor students' progress in meeting reading fluency benchmarks. Which of the following assessment strategies would be most appropriate and effective for the teacher to use for this purpose? A. evaluating students' comprehension after they silently read each passage in a sequence of leveled passages B. tracking students' net gains in accuracy and rate over the course of a repeated reading procedure C. analyzing students' automaticity reading aloud word lists that include a range of word patterns and sight words D. measuring students' average rate and accuracy while they read aloud an unfamiliar grade-level passage
D
A typical 4 year old child is able to do all but which of the following? A. Follow three-part directions. B. Talk about her experiences. C. Understand time concepts. D. Define words.
D
According to Linnea Ehri's Phases of Word Recognition Development, at which phase would a student rely less on individual letter sounds and more on multi-letter patterns within words? A. Partial Alphabetic B. Automatic C. Full Alphabetic D. Consolidated Alphabetic
D
According to convergent research, which of the following factors has been shown to have the greatest effect on a child's language development? A. the age at which the child starts attending preschool or prekindergarten B. the number of family members living at home with the child C. the quality and diversity of books and toys the child is exposed to D. the amount of verbal input the child receives from caregivers and others
D
After reviewing midyear testing data, a fourth-grade teacher is concerned about an increase in achievement differences between groups of students in the class. In attempting to address this issue, the teacher should begin by: A. determining the percentage of students in the class who currently achieve at or above grade level. B. identifying those students in the class who tend to remain on-task during instructional activities. C. asking other teachers at the school whether they are seeing similar trends in their classes. D. examining personal attitudes, expectations, and practices regarding learning for all students in the class.
D
An understanding of which of the following mathematical concepts is most helpful when working with probabilities? a. place value b. divisibility rules c. factors and multiples d. ratios and proportions
D
At the beginning of an inquiry-based multidisciplinary unit on birds of the region, a first-grade teacher creates a display in the classroom of a variety of objects related to the topic (e.g., bird nests, feathers, an audio recording of birdsong, photographs and drawings of birds) and gives students a brief "tour" of the new objects. Which of the following strategies for incorporating the objects into instruction would be most effective for promoting the research skills of students at this developmental level? A. guiding students to select objects from the collection for an individual project B. having students locate library resources related to one of the objects C. guiding students to create labels with the name of each object for the classroom display D. having students describe, draw, and sort selected objects from the collection
D
During a routine parent-teacher conference, a student's parent confides to the teacher about a recent job loss. The single parent, with an infant and toddler at home, explains that child care, health insurance, and housing are no longer affordable. In this situation, the teacher's most important priority should be to: A. reassure the parent that the teacher is always available to listen and offer support. B. urge the parent to inform friends and relatives of the circumstances and seek their support. C. solicit donations from school staff to provide the parent with short-term support. D. connect the parent to available support services in the community.
D
For a beginning reader to succeed in recognizing the meaning of a word the reader has just decoded, which of the following must be true? A. The word rhymes with one or more high-frequency words. B. The word appears in a text that is of interest to the reader. C. The word is one that the reader can spell. D. The word is already part of the reader's oral vocabulary.
D
Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences focuses primarily on which of the following aspects of education? A. the key role of environment in promoting children's learning B. the use of scaffolding techniques to help children learn C. the active involvement of children in learning activities D. the various ways in which children think and learn
D
Which of the following strategies would be most effective for a teacher to use as the introduction to a letter-formation lesson for a group of kindergarten students? A. displaying a large alphabet card of the target letter and having the students practice copying the letter using individual portable chalkboards B. reading aloud a "big book" that contains many instances of the target letter and then calling on individual students to point to each instance while saying the letter's name C. providing students with individual worksheets containing multiple instances of the target letter and having them trace the letter several times D. demonstrating to students how to form the target letter in the air while stating the motions and then repeating the process as the students imitate the teacher
D
Which of the following student activities would best promote development of a sense of belonging to a community among young children in a school setting? A. reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in class at the start of each school day B. reading about the roles and contributions of community service helpers C. attending assemblies at which the principal announces upcoming events D. creating signs to welcome family members to Back-to-School Night
D
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