Pedatrics Exam 3: Oncology, Hematology, Immune, and Cardiology

A child with leukemia is experiencing nausea related to medication therapy. The nurse, concerned about the child's nutritional status, would offer which items during an episode of nausea?

Cool, clear liquids

The nurse is collecting data on a child with a diagnosis of rheumatic fever. Which question should the nurse initially ask the mother of the child?

"Has the child complained of a sore throat within the past few months?"

The nurse is told that a child with rheumatic fever (RF) will be arriving to the nursing unit for admission. Which question would the nurse ask the family to elicit information specific to the development of RF?

"Has the child had a sore throat or a fever within the past 2 months?"

The nurse is explaining causes and reasons of hemophilia A to the parents of a child with the disease. The nurse would make which statement about hemophilia A?

"Hemophilia A results from deficiency of factor VIII."

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the parents of a 14- year-old who is undergoing radiation for Hodgkin's disease. Which statement by a parent indicates the need for further teaching?

"I Will need to keep my child's skin from flaking, so we will be allowing showers every 2 or 3 days"

The nurse has reinforced homecare instructions to the parent of a child who is being discharged after cardiac surgery. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for further teaching?

"I can apply lotion or powder to the incision if it is itchy"

The nurse is caring for a child with heart failure and provides instructions to the mother regarding the procedure for administration of the prescribed digoxin. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further teaching?

"I can mix this medication with food"

The nurse is providing instructions to a parent of a child with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which statement by the parent would indicate a need for further teaching?

"I know that my child will outgrow this problem; just give him time."

The nurse reinforces instructions to the parents of a child with leukemia regarding measures related to monitoring for infection. Which statement by the parents indicates the need for further teaching?

"I need to take my child's rectal temperature daily."

The nurse reinforces home care instructions to the parents of a 3- year old child who has been hospitalized with hemophilia. Which statement by a parent indicates the need for further teaching?

"I will avoid immunizations and dental hygiene treatments for my child"

The nurse provides homecare instructions to the parents of a child with heart failure regarding the procedure for the administration of digoxin. Which statement by a parent indicates the need for further teaching.?

"If my child vomits after medication administration, I will repeat the dose."

The pediatric nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe the cause of the symptoms that occur in sickle cell disease. Which is the correct response by the nursing student?

"Sickled cells are unable to flow easily through the microvasculature, and their clumping obstructs blood flow. "

The nursing instructor asks a student nurses to describe osteogenic sarcoma. Which statement by the student indicates the need for further teaching?

"The child does not experience pain at the primary tumor site."

A 6-year- old child has just been diagnosed with localized Hodgkin's disease, and chemotherapy is planned to begin immediately. The mother of the child asks the nurse about radiation therapy because it was not prescribed as a part of treatment. Which is the most appropriate response to the mother?

"The child is too young to have radiation therapy."

A nursing instructor asks a student nurse assigned to care for an infant with a diagnosis of tricuspid atresia to describe the infant's disorder. Which statement by the student indicates the need to further research this disorder?

"The disorder means there is no communication from the right atrium to the right ventricle of the heart."

The parents of a child with sickle cell disease asks the nurse why their child is always anemic. What is the best response by the nurse?

"The sickle cells are very fragile and break easily which lead to anemia"

The nurse reinforces home care instructions to a client with sickle cell anemia. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

"When I'm feeling better, I'm returning to the soccer team."

A client presents to the pediatrician's office with a temperature of 103 F for the past 3 days. The nurse also observes conjunctivitis without discharge, cracked lips, enlarged reddened papilla on the tongue, inflamed oropharyngeal membranes, and enlarged nontender lymph nodes. Using situation, background, assessment, and recommendation (SBAR) communication, which statements and/ or questions would the nurse use in communication with the primary health care provider regarding this client's condition? Select all that apply

- "I am concerned this client has Kawasaki's disease. Can you please come assess this client?" - " This client is a 4- year- old male who presented to the clinic with a temperature of 103 F for the past 3 days." - "I think this client is at risk for aneursym and thrombi development and should be taken to the hospital immediately." - " I observed this client to have conjunctivitis without discharge, cracked lips, enlarged reddened papilla on the tongue, inflamed oropharyngeal membranes, and enlarged nontender lymph"

The nurse is caring for a mother and her infant who was born 12 hours ago. Which statements made by the mother would prompt the nurse to have the baby evaluated for early heart failure? Select all that apply

- "I'm chilly, but my baby's forehead is sweaty" - " I can feel my baby's heart rate when he's sleeping; it seems much faster than it did yesterday." - " My baby latches on to my nipple well and has a strong suck, but seems to get weak very quickly then stops too soon."

A child with sickle cell anemia is being discharged after treatment for a crisis. Which instructions would the nurse reinforce to prevent another crisis from occurring? Select all that apply.

- Drink plenty of fluids - Report a sore throat immediately - Wash hands before and after playing

The nurse is caring for a child who is receiving chemotherapy for treatment of leukemia and prepares to address which expected needs of the client? Select all that apply.

- Fatigue - Easy bruising -Possible infections

The nurse monitors a 5-year- old child admitted to the hospital for a neuroblastoma for signs and symptoms related to the location of the tumor in the adrenal gland. Which would the nurse expect to be documented in the in child's record specific? Select all that apply.

- Firm, non- tender, irregular mass in the abdomen - Urinary frequency or retention from compression on the bladder

Which home care instructions would the nurse plan to reinforce to the mother of a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Select all that apply.

- Frequent hand washing is important - The child should avoid exposure to other illnesses. - Clean up body fluid spills with bleach solution (10:1 ratio of water to bleach)

The nurse caring for and infant with congenital heart disease is monitoring the infant closely for signs of heart failure (HF). The nurse would observe for which early signs of HF? Select all that apply.

- Irritability - Scalp diaphoresis - Tachypnea, tachycardia

The nurse is caring for a child with a platelet disorder and would expect which prescriptions from the primary health care provider? Select all that apply.

- Observe for bleeding -Encourage the child to rest -Assist the registered nurse (RN) with blood transfusions

The nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching to the parents indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply.

- Our child will eventually grow out of this condition - It is not necessary to avoid individuals with the common cold

A 6-year- old with leukemia is hospitalized and is receiving combination chemotherapy. Laboratory results indicates? Select all that apply.

- Place the child on a low- bacteria diet - Change dressing using sterile technique - Perform meticulous hand washing before caring for the child

The nurse in the pediatric clinic is planning care for a 2-month-old client who has been brought to the clinic for a well-child exam and 2-month immunizations. The infant is afebrile and does not exhibit signs of a respiratory infection. The mother tells the nurse that the child developed a rash and difficulty breathing after the mother applied Neosporin ointment to a scrape on the baby's leg. The nurse knows which vaccines are safe to administer to the child? Select all that apply.

- Rotavirus - Hepatitis B -Pneumococcal - Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis - Haemophilus influenzae type b

The nurse and a mother are discussing care of her child's iron deficiency anemia. The nurse would suggest including which foods in the child's diet that are highest in iron? Select all that apply.

- Spinach - Apricots - Raisins

The licensed practical nurse (LPN) is assisting in the admission of a child with suspected sickle cell crisis because of which signs/ symptoms noted in this client? Select all that apply.

- Swollen knee joint - Pulse, 120 beats per minute - Peripheral oxygen level of 89% - Pain rated as a 6 on a scale of 1 to 10

The nurse assists with admitting a child with a diagnosis of acute stage Kawasaki disease. When obtaining the child's medical history, which manifestation is likely to be noted?

Conjunctival hyperemia

The nurse is monitoring the laboratory value of a child with leukemia who is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse prepares to implement bleeding precautions if the child becomes thrombocytopenic at the platelet count is less than which value?

20,000 mm^3

The nurse is reviewing the primary health care provider's prescriptions for a child with rheumatic fever who is suspected of having a viral infection. The nurse notes that acetylsalicylic acid is prescribed for the child. Which nursing action is appropriate?

Consult with the registered nurse to verify the prescription.

A 4 year old child is admitted to the hospital with suspected acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The nurse would prepare for which diagnostic study that can confirm this diagnosis?

A bone marrow biopsy

The nurse is assisting in preparing to a care for a child with a brain tumor who will be returning for the recovery room following debulking of the tumor. Which item would the nurse place at the bedside in preparation for the child's return from surgery?

A cooling blanket

The nurse is assigned to care for a child with a diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. The child's mother asks the nurse what kind of tumor this is. What is the best response by the nurse?

A nephroblastoma

The nurse is monitoring the daily weight of an infant with heart failure (HF). Which finding alerts the nurse to suspect fluid accumulation and thus the need to notify the registered nurse?

A weight gain of 1 lb in 1 day

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to the parents of a child with iron deficiency anemia regarding the administration of a liquid oral iron supplement. Which instruction would the nurse provide the mother?

Administer the iron through a straw

The nurse caring for an adolescent client recently diagnosed with bone cancer is monitoring the client for depression. To best recognize these symptoms in the adolescent, the nurse would distinguish which attribute of normal adolescents from an adolescent with depression?

Adolescents like to stay up late but rarely have insomnia

A preliminary diagnosis is made for a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In reviewing the complete blood cell count (CBC) of the child, the nurse would expect to find which?

An erythrocyte (red blood cell) count of 2 cells in 1 mL of peripheral blood

The nurse is caring for a child with a suspected diagnosis of rheumatic fever (RF). The nurse reviews the laboratory results. Which laboratory study would assist in confirming the diagnosis of RF?

Antistreptolysin 0 Titer

A 5- year- old child has been transferred to the pediatric unit after a cardiac catheterization. Which intervention has the highest priority in the care of this child immediately following the procedure?

Assess for any bleeding on the dressing

Oral iron is prescribed for a child with an iron deficiency anemia, and the nurse provides instructions to the mother regarding the administration of the iron. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron in which way?

Between meals

The nurse is assigned to care for a child admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of suspected bacterial endocarditis. The nurse prepares the child for which diagnostic test that will confirm the diagnosis?

Blood cultures

The nurse is assessing a pediatric client with a diagnosis of retinoblastoma. The nurse assesses for which most common clinical finding for a child with this diagnosis?

Cat's- eye refelx

The nurse has reviewed the primary care provider's prescriptions for a child suspected of a diagnosis of neuroblastoma and is preparing to implement diagnostic procedures that will confirm the diagnosis. The nurse prepares to do which?

Collect a 24- hour urine

A child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta (COA). The primary health care provider prescribes that the child's blood pressure be taken every 4 hours in the legs and arms. The nurse would expect which blood pressure reading in the child's legs and arms?

Decreased in the legs and increased in the arms

The nurse is caring for an infant with congenital heart disease. Which signs, if noted in the infant, would alert the nurse of the early development of heart failure (HF)?

Diaphoresis during feeding

A diagnostic workup is performed on a 1-year-old child suspected of a diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Which finding specifically associated with this type of tumor should the nurse expect to find documented in the child's record?

Elevated vanillylmadelic acid (VMA) levels in the urine

The nurse caring for child with aplastic anemia is reviewing the laboratory results and notes a white blood cell (WBC) count of 600 mm^3 (6 x 10 ^9/L) and a platelet count of 20,000 mm^3 (20 x 10 ^9/L). Which nursing intervention would be incorporated into the plan of care?

Encourage quiet play activities

The nurse reviews the record of a child who was just seen by the primary health care provider (PHCP). The PHCP has documented a diagnosis of suspected aortic stenosis. Which specific sign/symptom of aortic stenosis would the nurse anticipate?

Exercise intolerance

The nurse reinforces instructions to the parents of a child with sickle cell anemia regarding the precipitating factor, indicates the need for further teaching?

Fluid overload

The nurse is assisting in developing a plan of care for a child admitted with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. In developing the initial plan of care, the nurse, suggests that the child should be monitored for which signs?

Heart Failure (HF)

The nurse is reviewing a primary health care provider's prescription for a child who was just admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. Which prescription would the nurse anticipate being part of the treatment plan?

Immune globulin

A child suspected of sickle cell disease is seen in the clinic, and laboratory studies are performed. the nurse reviews the results of the laboratory studies and expects to note which characteristic of this disease?

Increased reticulocyte count

The nurse is preparing to care for a child who received an allogenic bone marrow transplant (BMT). The nurse understands that which is the priority concern?

Infection

The nurse is asked to prepare for the admission of a child to the pediatric unit with diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. The nurse assists in developing a plan for the child and suggests including which intervention in the plan of care?

Inspect the urine for the presence of hematuria at each voiding

The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. The mother of the child asks the nurse about the disorder. Which statement by the nurse most accurately describes Kawasaki disease?

It is also called mucotaneous lymph node syndrome and is a febrile generalized vasculitis of unknown cause

The nurse is caring for a 9- year- old client with leukemia who is hospitalized for the administration of chemotherapy. The nurse monitors the child for central nervous system (CNS) involvement by checking which response?

Level of consciousness (LOC)

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a child with aplastic anemia and notes that the white blood cell (WBC) count is 2000 mm^3, and the platelet count is 150,000 mm^3. Which nursing intervention would the nurse incorporate into the plan of care?

Maintain strict isolation precautions.

A nursing student is assigned to care for a child with hemophilia. The nursing instructor reviews the plan of care with the student and asks the student to describe the characteristics of this disorder. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further research?

Male inherit hemophilia from their fathers

The nurse is reviewing the immunization schedule for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with the mother. Which would be a component of the instructions that the nurse reinforces to the mother?

No live virus vaccines should be administered to the child

The nurse is monitoring for bleeding in a child after surgery to remove a brain tumor. The nurse checks the head dressing for the presence of blood and notes a colorless drainage on the back of the dressing. Which nursing action is appropriate?

Notify the registered nurse.

The nurse is reinforcing home care instructions to the mother of an infant who has just been found to have hemophilia. The nurse would instruct the mother to do which?

Pad crib rails and table corners.

A child is admitted to the hospital with sickle cell crisis. The nurse checks this child for which frequent symptom of the disorder?

Pain

A 4 year old child is hospitalized with a suspected diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. The nurse reviews the plan of care and would question which intervention that is written in the plan?

Palpate the abdomen for a mass.

A 4- year- old child with acute lymphatic leukemia has been admitted to the hospital in relapse. the priority concern is infection due to immunosuppression. Which interventions would the nurse include in the plan of care?

Perform oral hygiene 4 times a day

A 5-year- old child is admitted to the hospital for heart surgery to repair tetralogy of Fallot. The nurse notes that the child has clubbed fingers, and the nurse knows that this symptom is likely a result of which condition?

Peripheral hypoxia

The nurse was caring for an infant who had come to the nursing unit for observation and treatment of tetralogy of Fallot. The child suddenly becomes cyanotic, and the oxygenation saturation reading drops to 60%. The nurse would perform which action first?

Place the child in a knee-chest position.

The nurse is assigned to care for an infant with tetralogy of Fallot. The mother of the infant calls the nurse to the room because the infant suddenly seems to be having difficulty breathing. The nurse enters the room and notes that the infant is experiencing a hypercyanotic episode. Which action should the nurse take?

Place the infant in a knee- chest position

Laboratory studies are performed on a child suspected of iron deficiency anemia. The nurse reviews the laboratory results, knowing that which finding indicates this type of anemia?

RBCs that are microcytic and hypochromic

The nurse is caring for a child with osteosarcoma following amputation of aching and cramping in the missing limb. Which action would the nurse take?

Reassure the child that this is a temporary condition

A nursing student is asked to discuss the pathophysiology related to childhood leukemia during a clinical conference and reviews the planned presentation with the nursing instructor. The nursing instructor advises the student to review the disorder before the clinical conference if the student states that which is associates with this type of cancer?

Reed- Sternberg cells are found on biopsy

A child suspected of having sickle cell disease (SCD) is seen in a clinic, and laboratory studies are performed. Which laboratory value is likely to be increased in sickle cell disease?

Reticulocyte count

The nurse is reinforcing home care instructions to the mother of a child with hemophilia. Which activity would the nurse suggest that the child can safely participate in with peers?

Swimming

The nurse is collecting data on a 12- month- old child with iron deficiency anemia. Which finding would the nurse expect to note in this child?

Tachycardia

The nurse observes a mother giving an oral iron supplement to her 6 year old child with iron deficiency anemia. Which action by the mother indicates the need for further teaching?

The mother administered the iron with milk

A 12- year-old child is seen in the clinic, and a diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease is suspected. Several diagnostic studies are performed to determine the presence of this disease. When evaluating the diagnostic results, the nurse would expect to note which evidence if this child has Hodgkin's disease?

The presence of Reed- Sternberg cells

The nursing instructor assigns a student nurse to present a clinical conference to the student group about brain tumors in children. Which statement by the student is accurate about brain tumors in children?

The significant symptoms are headaches and morning vomiting

A nursing student is assigned to care for an infant with a diagnosis of heart failure (HF). The student develops a plan of care for the child that is focused on monitoring for fluid overload. The student plans to best assess the urine output of the infant by taking which action?

Weighing the diapers

A primary health care provider has prescribed oxygen as needed for a 10-month- old infant with heart failure (HF). In which situation would the nurse administer the oxygen to the child?

When drawing blood for electrolyte levels