PEDI FINAL EXAM

The nurse is providing care to a child with pancreatitis. When reviewing the child's laboratory test results, what would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply. A) Leukocytosis B) Decreased C-reactive protein C) Elevated serum amylase levels D) Positive stool culture E) Decreased serum lipase levels

A) Leukocytosis C) Elevated serum amylase levels

A child requires supplemental oxygen therapy at 8 liters per minute. Which delivery device would the nurse most likely expect to be used? A)Simple mask B)Venturi mask C)Nasal cannula D)Oxygen hood

A) Simple mask

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 6-month-old infant about proper dental care. Which action will the nurse indicate as the MOST LIKELY to cause dental caries? A) putting the infant to bed with a bottle of juice B) brushing the infant's teeth with fluoride-free tooth paste C) not cleaning the infant's gums after eating meals or snacks D) using a cloth instead of a brush to clean the infant's teeth

A) putting the infant to bed with a bottle of juice

The nurse is taking a health history of an 11-year-old girl with recurrent abdominal pain. Which response would lead the nurse to suspect irritable bowel syndrome? A)"I always feel better after I have a bowel movement." B)"I don't take any medicine right now." C)"The pain comes and goes." D)"The pain doesn't wake me up in the middle of the night."

A)"I always feel better after I have a bowel movement."

What factors can affect child health? (Select all that apply) A)Culture B)Medical tests C) Society D) Genetics

A)Culture C) Society D) Genetics

The Glasgow Coma Scale utilizes what responses to determine cognitive functioning? (select all that apply) A)Eye Opening B)Motor Response C)Verbal Response D)Pupil Measurements E)Orientation

A)Eye Opening B)Motor Response C)Verbal Response

A nurse is caring for a 14-year-old girl scheduled for a barium swallow/upper gastrointestinal (GI) series. Before providing instructions, what would be the priority? A)Screening the girl for pregnancy B)Reminding her to drink plenty of fluids after the procedure C)Ordering a bowel preparation D)Reminding the girl about potential light-colored stools

A)Screening the girl for pregnancy

The nurse is caring for a child that just returned from a coronary arteriogram in which the catheter was placed through the left femoral artery. Which nursing actions demonstrate knowledge of the procedure? Select all that apply. A)The nurse assesses the dorsalis pedis pulse in the left foot. B)The nurse assesses the puncture site frequently. C)The nurse tells the parents that the physician will discuss the results of the procedure with them. D)The nurse allows the client up to the bathroom only E)The nurse assesses the client's vital signs every 8 hours

A)The nurse assesses the dorsalis pedis pulse in the left foot. B)The nurse assesses the puncture site frequently. C)The nurse tells the parents that the physician will discuss the results of the procedure with them.

A mother asks why her infant with a cyanotic heart defect turns blue. What is the best response by the nurse? A) this is due to the lack of oxygen to the brain B) this is due to a decreased amount of oxygen to the peripheral tissue C) this is considered a medical emergency and the infant needs immediate surgery D) this is a sign of heart failure

B) this is due to a decreased amount of oxygen to the peripheral tissue

The nurse is caring for an infant with osteogenesis imperfecta and is providing instruction on how to reduce the risk of injury. Which response from the mother indicates a need for further teaching? A)"I need to avoid pushing or pulling on an arm or leg." B)"I must carefully lift the baby from under the armpits." C)"I should not bend an arm or leg into an awkward position." D)"We must avoid lifting the legs by the ankles to change diapers."

B)"I must carefully lift the baby from under the armpits."

The nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination of a child with asthma. Which of the following techniques would the nurse be least likely to perform? A) Inspection B) Palpation C) Percussion D) Auscultation

B) Palpation

The school nurse is working with a 10-year-old girl with recurrent abdominal pain. The girl's teacher has been less than understanding about the frequent absences and trips to the nurse's office. How should the nurse respond? A)"Be patient; she is trying some new medication." B)"The pain she is having is real." C)"The family is working toward improvement." D)"Please do not add to this family's stress."

B)"The pain she is having is real."

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a child with suspected developmental dysplasia of the hip. Which finding would help confirm this diagnosis? A)Abduction occurs to 75 degrees and adduction to within 30 degrees (with stable pelvis). B)A distinct "clunk" is heard with Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers. C)A high-pitched "click" is heard with hip flexion or extension. D)The thigh and gluteal folds are symmetric.

B)A distinct "clunk" is heard with Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers.

When teaching a group of students about the skeletal development in children, what information would the instructor include? A)The growth plate is made up of the epiphysis. B)A young child's bones commonly bend instead of break with an injury. C)The infant's skeleton has undergone complete ossification by birth. D)Children's bones have a thin periosteum and limited blood supply.

B)A young child's bones commonly bend instead of break with an injury.

The nurse is visually inspecting a urine specimen from a 12-year-old boy. The nurse documents gross hematuria with a specimen of which color? A)Cloudy yellow B)Cola colored C)Pale to almost clear urine D)Light orange to moderately yellow colored

B)Cola colored

The nurse is caring for an active 14-year-old boy who has recently been diagnosed with scoliosis. He is dismayed that a "jock" like himself could have this condition, and is afraid it will impact his spot on the water polo team. Which response by the nurse would best address the boy's concerns? A)"If you wear your brace properly, you may not need surgery." B)"The good news is that you have very minimal curvature of your spine." C)"Let's talk to another boy with scoliosis, who is winning trophies for his swim team." D)"Let's talk to the doctor about your treatment options."

C)"Let's talk to another boy with scoliosis, who is winning trophies for his swim team."

After teaching a class about the differences in the skin of infants and adults, the nurse determines that additional teaching is necessary when the class states which of the following? A)"An infant's skin is thinner than an adult's, so substances placed on the skin are absorbed more readily." B)"The infant's epidermis is loosely connected to the dermis, increasing the risk for breakdown." C)"The infant has a lower risk for damage from ultraviolet radiation because the skin is more pigmented." D)"An infant has less subcutaneous fat, which places the infant at a higher risk for heat loss."

C)"The infant has a lower risk for damage from ultraviolet radiation because the skin is more pigmented."

A child that is engaging in Parallel Play by stacking 6 block on top of each other. This child is able to use simple two word sentences to ask for food or drink. This child is at what Erikson Stage of development A)Identity vs. Role Confusion B)Industry vs. Inferiority C)Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt D)Initiative vs. Guilt

C)Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

A pregnant patient is refusing care for an infection. After speaking briefly with the client, you find they are refusing care due to her cultural beliefs. What is the appropriate action you should take? A)Coerce the patient to have the treatment B)Refuse to let the client leave until she consents to the treatment C)Explain to the patient why the treatment is important D)Tell the patient she can be arrested for neglect

C)Explain to the patient why the treatment is important

What finding would lead the nurse to suspect that a child is beginning to develop increased intracranial pressure? A) Bradycardia B) Cheyne-Stokes respirations C) Fixed, dilated pupils D) Projectile vomiting

D) Projectile vomiting

The nurse is caring for a child with heart failure related to a congenital heart defect. One of the nursing diagnoses identified includes "Excess fluid volume." During a family care planning conference. the parents ask why this diagnosis applies to their child. What is the best response by the nurse? A) "The heart is a pump, and it isn't pumping effectively" B) "We have standardized care plans for children with congenital heart defects and this nursing diagnosis is on the care plan" C) "It is a difficult process to understand. Rest assured that we are doing everything in your child's best interest D) "Cardiac problems cause the heart to not pump effectively, which causes swelling in the body and fluid in the lungs."

D)"Cardiac problems cause the heart to not pump effectively, which causes swelling in the body and fluid in the lungs."

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a child and finds that the child has a grade III murmur. After auscultating the child's heart sounds, the nurse would document this murmur as which of the following? A) Loud without a thrill B) Loud with a precordial thrill C) Soft and easily heard D) Loud, audible with a stethoscope

A) Loud without a thrill

Asymmetry of the skull and the flattening of the back of the head due to external forces of the head are indicative of A)Encephlocele B)Plagiocephaly C)Damaged fontenels D)Cranial nerve damage

B)Plagiocephaly

A child has been admitted to the acute care facility for the management of dehydration. The nurse is preparing to administer intravenous fluid replacement to the child. Which fluids are suitable for use? Select all that apply. A) Lactated Ringers B) 10% dextrose in water C) 0.9% normal saline D) 5% dextrose in water

A) Lactated Ringers C) 0.9% normal saline

When giving parents guidance for the adolescent years, the nurse would advise the parents to: SATA A) Accept the adolescent as a unique individual B) Provide strict, inflexible rules C) Listen and try to be open to the adolescent's views D) Screen all of his or her friends E) Respect the adolescent's privacy F) Provide unconditional love

A) Accept the adolescent as a unique individual C) Listen and try to be open to the adolescent's views E) Respect the adolescent's privacy F) Provide unconditional love

After assessing a child's blood pressure, the nurse determines the pulse pressure and finds that it is narrowed. Which of the following would the nurse identify as associated with this finding? A) Aortic stenosis B) Patent ductus arteriosus C) Aortic insufficiency D) Complete heart block

A) Aortic stenosis

Which statement made by a nursing student would BEST indicate that they understood Family-Centered Care? A) Childbirth affects the entire family, and relationships will change B)Families are usually not capable of making health care decisions for themselves, especially in stressful situations. C)Mothers are the only family members that are affected by Childbirth. D)Don't worry, once you get back home with the baby, everything will return to normal.

A) Childbirth affects the entire family, and relationships will change

A 15-year-old adolescent is brought to the emergency department by his parents. The adolescent is febrile with chills that started suddenly. He states, "I had a sinus infection and sore throat a couple of days ago." The nurse suspects bacterial meningitis based on which findings? Select all that apply. A) Complaints of stiff neck B) Photophobia C) Absent headache D) Negative Brudzinski sign E) Vomiting

A) Complaints of stiff neck B) Photophobia E) Vomiting

A nurse is teaching a class to new parents on how to prevent the spread of infection in their children. What is the best suggestion the nurse could offer to these parents? A) Encourage frequent hand hygiene B)Dress children in long sleeves and pants as often as possible C)Keep children at home most of the time D)Keep children away from other children younger than their children

A) Encourage frequent hand hygiene

A 6 year old child presents to the provider's office with headache, mild cough and a low grade fever that has been confirmed through a set of vitals. The child also presents with erythematous cheeks bilaterally as though he "has been slapped" The mother mentions she is in her third trimester of pregnancy. The nurses first priority would be A) Give the child and the mother a mask to wear when around each other and inform the mother that she should not be around her son unprotected while he is ill. B)Encourage the child to play with other children in the office C)Inform the Provider that there is a medical emergency in the office D)Administer low dose aspirin for the fever

A) Give the child and the mother a mask to wear when around each other and inform the mother that she should not be around her son unprotected while he is ill.

The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized with Reye syndrome who is in the acute stage of the illness. The nurse would assess the child most carefully for what finding? A) Indications of increased intracranial pressure B) An increase in the blood glucose level C) A decrease in the liver enzymes D) A presence of protein in the urine

A) Indications of increased intracranial pressure

According to the CDC, the ____ ____ rate in the state of Massachusetts in 2020 was 3,8 per 1,000 live births in the first 1-12 months. A) Infant mortality B) fetal morbidity C) childhood morbidity D) neonatal mortality

A) Infant mortality

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a child with a suspected cardiovascular disorder. Which of the following findings would the nurse MOST LIKELY expect to assess if the child had transposition of the great vessels? A) Significant cyanosis without presence of a murmur B) Abrupt cessation of chest output with an increase in heart rate/filling pressure C) Soft systolic ejection D) Holosystolic murmur

A) Significant cyanosis without presence of a murmur

The II, III, IV and VI (2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th) Cranial Nerves control A) Vision B) Hearing C)Motor impulses to the heart D)Mastication muscles

A) Vision

The community health nurse is preparing a presentation on safety measures to prevent injuries in children. Which example of proper safety guidelines should the nurse include? Select all that apply A) a child wearing a helmet while ice skating B) an infant in a car seat C) a child wearing a helmet, knee pads, and elbow pads while riding a skateboard D) a child riding a scooter with elbow and knee pads

A) a child wearing a helmet while ice skating B) an infant in a car seat C) a child wearing a helmet, knee pads, and elbow pads while riding a skateboard

While assessing a 4 month old infant diagnosed with meningitis, what manifestations of the illness should the nurse expect? A) a weak, high-pitched cry B) depressed anterior fontanel C) constipation D) strong sucking and rooting reflex

A) a weak, high-pitched cry

A nurse is conducting classes at the local high school on reproductive life planning. Which would be appropriate for the nurse to implement during the teaching? SATA A) encouragement of abstinence B) proper condom application C) nurse's personal opinion about abortion D) various religious viewpoints E) sexually transmitted infection status

A) encouragement of abstinence B) proper condom application E) sexually transmitted infection status

When providing atraumatic care to a school-aged child, which action would be the most appropriate? A) giving parents and children an informed choice about being together during the visit B) always keeping the lights on in the child's room day and night C) limiting the use of topical anesthetic for painful injections D) applying restraints for any procedure that could be uncomfortable

A) giving parents and children an informed choice about being together during the visit

A 4 year old is brought to the ED experiencing severe respiratory distress. The health care provider has diagnosed epiglottitis. What nursing intervention(s) should the nurse include in the child's plan of care? SATA A) keep the child quiet B) administer oxygen C) have intubation equipment readily available D) start a peripheral IV

A) keep the child quiet C) have intubation equipment readily available

The parents of a 3 year old boy tells the nurse that they are having another baby in several months. They ask the nurse for suggestions to help their son adapt to the new baby. What would the nurse suggest? A) let the child participate in caring for the new baby B) tell the child that your time needs to be spent caring for the new baby C) be prepared to discipline the child if he does something to make the baby cry D) move the boy to a "big boy bed" to make him feel like the big brother

A) let the child participate in caring for the new baby

The nurse is teaching a group of parents and guardians about expected changed in adolescent girls. Which one of the following statements indicates the parent understands the teaching? A) my daughter will likely stop growing about 2 years after menarche B) girls will have their first menstruation period about a year before breast development C) my daughter is expected to lose 10 pounds during puberty D) girls always grow at least 10 inches during puberty

A) my daughter will likely stop growing about 2 years after menarche

A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old infant during a pediatric clinic visit. The nurse believes the infant is demonstrating early manifestations of respiratory distress. Which clinical manifestation(s) should the nurse document? Select all that apply. A) nasal congestion B) acrocyanosis C) intercoastal retractions D) tachypnea

A) nasal congestion D) tachypnea

The parents of a 3-year-old tell the nurse that their child constantly says "no" to everything and they are very frustrated. They ask the nurse what they should do. Which responses by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply A) normal for this age. if measures to stop this behavior don't work you should make the decision for your child move on with whatever activity is occurring. B) have you tried time outs for negative behavior. C) an occasional light spank on the bottom is often helpful when your toddler continually says "No" D) giving your toddler choices instead of posing "yes" or "no" questions may help decrease the "no" response

A) normal for this age. if measures to stop this behavior don't work you should make the decision for your child move on with whatever activity is occurring. B) have you tried time outs for negative behavior. giving choices instead of yes or no questions D) giving your toddler choices instead of posing "yes" or "no" questions may help decrease the "no" response

An infant with a high respiratory rate is NPO and is receiving IV fluids. What assessment(s) will the nurse make to assure this infant is hydrated? Select all that apply. A) palpate anterior fontanel B) measure skin turgor C) assess lung sounds D) review electrolyte lab results E) determine urine output

A) palpate anterior fontanel B) measure skin turgor E) determine urine output

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized infant at risk for developing increased intracranial pressure. Which assessment finding(s) would the nurse communicate to the health care provider for further intervention? Select all that apply. A) pulse rate of 60 beats/min and regular B) blood pressure decreased from baseline C) vomiting D) increased head circumference

A) pulse rate of 60 beats/min and regular C) vomiting

The parent of a toddler notices the child plays nicely next to another toddler but does not play with that child. The parent expresses concern about this behavior to the nurse during an examination. Which response by the nurse is appropriate A)This is called 'parallel play' and is normal for this age group. B)I believe your toddler is exhibiting sins of Autism Spectrum Disorder C)This behavior should be further assessed to ensure appropriate development D)Does your child have trouble making friends?

A)This is called 'parallel play' and is normal for this age group.

The parents of a 6-week-old boy come to the clinic for evaluation because the infant has been vomiting. The parents report that the vomiting has been increasing in frequency and forcefulness over the last week. The mother says, "Sometimes, it seems like it just bursts out of his mouth." A diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is suspected. When performing the physical examination, what would the nurse most likely find? A)Sausage-shaped mass in the upper mid abdomen B)Hard, moveable, olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant C)Tenderness over the McBurney point in the right lower quadrant D)Abdominal pain in the epigastric or umbilical region

B) Hard, moveable, olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant

The nurse is caring for a 6-month-old with a cleft lip and palate. The mother of the child demonstrates understanding of the disorder with which statements? Select all that apply. A)"My smoking during pregnancy didn't have anything to do with this disorder. Smoking primarily causes low birth weight." B)"I know my baby takes a lot longer to feed than most children this age." C)"I wonder if my baby will develop speech problems when language development begins?" E)"Thankfully there are doctors that specialize in correcting this type of disorder."

B) "I know my baby takes a lot longer to feed than most children this age." C) "I wonder if my baby will develop speech problems when language development begins?" E) "Thankfully there are doctors that specialize in correcting this type of disorder."

The nurse is caring for an infant with a temporary ileostomy. As part of the plan of care, the nurse monitors for skin breakdown around the stoma. If redness occurs, what would be most appropriate to promote healing and prevent further skin breakdown? A) Clean the area well with a scented diaper wipe. B) Apply a barrier/healing cream or paste on the skin. C) Use a barrier wafer to attach the appliance. D) Sanitize the area with an alcohol wipe after each diaper change.

B) Apply a barrier/healing cream or paste on the skin.

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the variations in respiratory anatomy and physiology in children in comparison to adults. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which finding? A)Children's demand for oxygen is lower than that of adults. B)Children develop hypoxemia more rapidly than adults do. C)An increase in oxygen saturation leads to a much larger decrease in pO2 D)Children's bronchi are wider in diameter than those of an adult.

B) Children develop hypoxemia more rapidly than adults do.

The parents of a boy diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease are anxious and fearful of the upcoming surgery. The mother states, "I'm worried about having to care for our son's ostomy." Which intervention would be most helpful for the parents? A) Explaining to them about the diagnosis and surgery B) Having a wound, ostomy, and continence nurse meet with them C) Reinforcing that the ostomy will be temporary D) Teaching them about the medications used to slow stool output

B) Having a wound, ostomy, and continence nurse meet with them

The nurse knows that children have larger heads in relation to the body and a higher center of gravity. When developing a teaching plan for parents, the nurse includes information about an increased risk for which of the following problems? A) Febrile seizures B) Head trauma C) Caput succedaneum D) Posterior plagiocephaly

B) Head trauma

A group of nursing students are reviewing the components of the endocrine system. The students demonstrate understanding of the review when they identify what as the primary function of this system? A) Regulation of water balance B) Hormonal secretion C) Cellular metabolism D) Growth stimulation

B) Hormonal secretion

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for the parents of a child who has been diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. Which of the following would the nurse be LEAST LIKELY to include? A) Daily weight assessment B) Maintenance of strict bed rest C)Prevention of infection D) Signs of complications

B) Maintenance of strict bed rest

The nurse is examining an 8-year-old boy with tachycardia and tachypnea. The nurse anticipates which of the following as most helpful in determining the extent of the child's hypoxia? A) Pulmonary function test B) Pulse oximetry C) Peak expiratory flow D) Chest radiograph

B) Pulse oximetry

The nurse is caring for a child that just returned from a coronary arteriogram in which the catheter was placed through the left femoral artery. Which nursing actions demonstrate knowledge of the procedure? Select all that apply. A) The nurse allows the client up to the bathroom only B) The nurse assesses the dorsalis pedis pulse in the left foot C) The nurse assesses the puncture site frequently D) The nurse tells the parents that the healthcare provider will discuss the results of the procedure with them E) The nurse assesses the client's vital signs every 8 hours

B) The nurse assesses the dorsalis pedis pulse in the left foot C) The nurse assesses the puncture site frequently D) The nurse tells the parents that the healthcare provider will discuss the results of the procedure with them

The nurse is assessing a 5-year-old girl who is anxious, has a high fever, speaks in a whisper, and sits up with her neck thrust forward. Based on these findings, what would be LEAST APPROPRIATE for the nurse to perform? A)Providing 100% oxygen B)Visualizing the throat C)Having the child sit forward D)Auscultating for lung sounds

B) Visualizing the throat

A 6 month old girl weighs 14.7lbs during a scheduled check-up. Her birth weight was 7.2lbs. What is the priority nursing intervention? A) discouraging daily fruit juice intake B) discussing the child's feeding patterns C) talking about solid food consumption D) increasing the number of breast-feedings

B) discussing the child's feeding patterns

You are instructing a parent of an 8 year old child about healthy nutrition. What statements indicate they require more education? SATA A) I want to eat healthy meals to teach my daughter by example B) I will make sure to send a few energy drinks with my daughter so she stays active C) It is okay to skip breakfast as long as she eats a large dinner D) we should plan family meals together

B) i will make sure to send a few energy drinks with my daughter so she stays active C) It is okay to skip breakfast as long as she eats a large dinner

Absence seizures are marked by what clinical manifestation? A) brief, sudden onset of increased tone of the extensor muscle B) loss of motor activity accompanied by a blank stare C) loss of muscle tone and loss of consciousness D) sudden, brief jerks of a muscle group

B) loss of motor activity accompanied by a blank stare

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 9-month-old baby with a flat, discolored area on the skin. The nurse documents this as a: A) papule B) macule C) vesicle D) scale

B) macule

At 3 years of age, a child has a cardiac catheterization. After the procedure, which of the following interventions would be most important? A) allowing the child to adapt to the light in the room gradually B) taking pedal pulses for the first 4 hours C) assuring the child that the procedure is now over D) allowing the child to talk about the procedure

B) taking pedal pulses for the first 4 hours

An 8 year old child has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The provider has prescribed sliding scale insulin for the child, and the nurse gave the parents information on the use of a Dexcom system to keep track of the child's blood glucose levels. This is an example of: A) secondary prevention B) tertiary prevention C) primary prevention D) secondary treatment

B) tertiary prevention

A parent asks the nurse what symptoms to expect with normal teething in their infant. How should the nurse respond? A) the infant will not play or eat for 2 days B) the infant's gum line will be tender C) the infant will be constipated for 2 days D) the infant's temperature will go as high as 102 degrees

B) the infant's gum line will be tender

The mother of a 3-week-old infant old brings her daughter in for an evaluation. During the visit, the mother tells the nurse that her baby is spitting up after feedings. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A)"We need to tell the doctor about this." B)"Infants this age commonly spit up." C)"Your daughter might have an allergy." D)"Don't worry; you're just feeding her too much."

B)"Infants this age commonly spit up."

The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old with a suspected urinary tract infection. What would be MOST appropriate when obtaining a urine specimen from the child? A)"I will need a urine sample." B)"Let your mom help you tinkle in this cup." C)"Please tinkle in this cup right now." D)"Please void in this cup instead of the toile

B)"Let your mom help you tinkle in this cup."

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local parent group about urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Which organism would the nurse incorporate into the presentation as the most common cause? A)Klebsiella B)Escherichia coli C)Staphylococcus aureus D)Pseudomonas

B)Escherichia coli

A new mother shows the nurse that her baby grasps her finger when she touches the baby's palm. How might the nurse respond to this information? A)This is a protective reflex known as the the Moro reflex B)This primitive reflex is known as a palmar grasp C)This primitive reflex is known as a plantar grasp D)This is a protective reflex known as rooting

B)This primitive reflex is known as a palmar grasp

A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child who has had a shunt inserted as treatment for hydrocephalus. The parents demonstrate understanding of the teaching when they make what statement? A) "Having the shunt put in decreases his risk for developmental problems." B) "If he doesn't get an infection in the first week, the risk is greatly reduced." C) "He will need more surgeries to replace the shunt as he grows." D) "The shunt will help to prevent any further complications from his disease."

C) "He will need more surgeries to replace the shunt as he grows."

The nurse is caring for a pediatric client diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. After speaking with the physician, the parents state to the nurse, "The doctor said something about our child having too many red blood cells. We don't understand how that could happen?" What is the best response by the nurse? A) "it is a very complicated process. Since your child has tetralogy of Fallot, their body is overtaxed with everything it does. The amount of red blood cells being produced is just one more thing the heart has to deal with" B) "I'm not really sure what red blood cells have to do with the heart defect your child has. We should ask your doctor" C) "your child's body is trying to compensate for the low blood oxygen levels from the heart defect by making more red blood cells, but this makes the heart actually work harder" D) "the doctor was talking about polycythemia. It's common with this type of heart disorder"

C) "your child's body is trying to compensate for the low blood oxygen levels from the heart defect by making more red blood cells, but this makes the heart actually work harder"

A 10-month-old is brought to the emergency department by her parents after they found her face down in the bathtub. The mother said, "I just left the bathroom to answer the phone. When I came back, I found her." Which assessment would be the priority? A) Apply a heart monitor to the client B) Determine how long the client was face down in the water C) Assess the Client's respiratory rate D) Start cardiopulmonary resuscitative measures

C) Assess the Client's respiratory rate

The nurse is providing care to a child with an intussusception. The child has a bowel movement and the nurse inspects the stool. The nurse would most likely document the stool's appearance as having what quality? A) Greasy B) Clay-colored C) Currant jelly-like D) Bloody

C) Currant jelly-like

The nurse suspects that a 4-year-old with type 1 diabetes is experiencing hypoglycemia based on what findings? Select all that apply. A) Blurred vision B) Dry, flushed skin C) Diaphoresis D) Slurred speech E) Fruity breath odor F) Tachycardia

C) Diaphoresis D) Slurred speech F) Tachycardia

A child is hospitalized with pneumonia. The nurse assesses an increase in the work of breathing and in the respiratory rate. What intervention should the nurse do FIRST to help this child? A) Administer oxygen B) Notify health care provider C) Elevate head of the bed D) Obtain oxygen saturation levels

C) Elevate head of the bed

As a result of seizure activity, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed and showed that an 18-month-old child has intracranial arteriovenous malformation. When developing the child's plan of care, what would the nurse expect to implement actions to prevent? A) Drug interactions B) Developmental disabilities C) Hemorrhagic stroke D) Respiratory paralysis

C) Hemorrhagic stroke

The nurse is discussing discharge instructions with the parents of a 6-year-old who had a tonsillectomy. What is the most important thing to stress? A)Administer analgesics. B)Encourage the child to drink liquids. C)Inspect the throat for bleeding. D)Apply an ice collar.

C) Inspect the throat for bleeding.

Bacterial pneumonia is suspected in a 4-year-old boy with fever, headache, and chest pain. Which assessment finding would most likely indicate the need for this child to be hospitalized? A)Fever B)Oxygen saturation level of 96% C)Tachypnea with retractions D)Pale skin color

C) Tachypnea with retractions

A child is in the emergency department with an asthma exacerbation. Upon auscultation, the nurse is unable to hear air movement in the lungs. What action should the nurse take first? A) administer corticosteroids B) start a peripheral IV C) administer a beta-2 adrenergic agonist D) administer oxygen

C) administer a beta-2 adrenergic agonist

A VP shunt is utilized to: SATA A) used as a treatment of craniosynostosis B) is an effective treatment for acute headaches C) allow CSF to leave the ventricle of the brain into the peritoneal area D) alleviate ICP caused by Chiari Malformation

C) allow CSF to leave the ventricle of the brain into the peritoneal area D) alleviate ICP caused by Chiari Malformation

A child is hospitalized with complications related to hemophilia. The health care provider has discussed the child's plan of care with the parents, but they continue to ask questions. What action will the nurse take? A) notify the health care provider that the parents still have questions B) reassure the parents that they have been fully briefed on their child's treatment C) answer the parents' questions as completely as possible D) encourage the parents to focus their attention on the child

C) answer the parents' questions as completely as possible

The nurse in a pediatric cardiovascular clinic is talking with the father of a 5-year-old child who underwent cardiac surgery for a heart defect at the age of 3. The father reports that the child has been having increased shortness of breath, tires easily after playing, and has been gaining weight. The nurse is aware that the child is most likely demonstrating symptoms of which acquired cardiovascular disorder? A) cardiomyopathy B) ineffective endocarditis C) heart failure D) kawasaki disease

C) heart failure

The CDC reports that 83 out of 1,000 children in the US, ages 1-17 were diagnosed with asthma from January 2020- January 2021. This is an example of: A) well child health rate B) mortality rate C) morbidity rate D) fetal mortality

C) morbidity rate

The nurse is admitting a 12 month old to the medical unit. During the administration process the parents tell the nurse that their child is very advanced because he says "ball" when he picks up a football. How should the nurse respond? A) if he were advanced in language skills he would be putting several words together to form short sentences B) parents usually think their child is far more advanced than other children C) that is great that he is recognizing objects and is able to name them. He is right on target for his language skills D) He really isn't any more advanced than most 12 month old children

C) that is great that he is recognizing objects and is able to name them. He is right on target for his language skills

An infant with congenital heart disease is to undergo surgery to correct the defect. The mother states, "I guess I'm going to have to stop breastfeeding her." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A)"That's true, but we'll make sure she gets the best intravenous nutrition." B)"Unfortunately, your baby needs more nutrients than what breast milk can provide." C)"Breast milk may help to boost her immune system, so you can continue to use it." D)"She won't be able to suck, so we have to give her fortified formula through a tube."

C)"Breast milk may help to boost her immune system, so you can continue to use it."

A 9-year-old child has undergone a cardiac catheterization and is being prepared for discharge. The nurse is instructing the parents and child about postprocedure care. Which statement by the parents indicates that the teaching was successful? A)"This pressure dressing needs to stay on for 5 days from now." B)"He can't eat but he can drink fluids for the next 24 hours." C)"He should avoid taking a bath for about 3 days but he can shower." D)"It's normal if he says he feels like his heart skipped a beat."

C)"He should avoid taking a bath for about 3 days but he can shower."

A nurse is preparing a program for a group of parents about injury prevention. What would the nurse include as an important contributing factor for cervical spine injury in a child? A)Exposure to teratogens while in utero B)Immaturity of the central nervous system C)Increased mobility of the spine D)Incomplete myelinization

C)Increased mobility of the spine

The genetic disorder of Kleinfelter Syndrome has the following characteristics: (Select all that apply) A)It is identified by the presence of an incomplete or missing X chromosome B) It is not a genetic disorder but a neurological disorder found in both males and females. C)It is identified by the presence of an extra X chromosome D)It is found only in males

C)It is identified by the presence of an extra X chromosome D)It is found only in males

Records from 1902 show that nursing entered into Public schools in A)Detroit, Michigan by Louise Ciccone, the first Public School Nurse B)Chicago, Illinois by Eloise Moynahan, the first Public School Nurse C)New York, NY by Lina Rogers, the first Public School Nurse D)Boston, Massachusetts by Hester Prynne, the first Public School Nurse

C)New York, NY by Lina Rogers, the first Public School Nurse

When examining the abdomen of a child, which technique would the nurse use last? A)Auscultation B)Percussion C)Palpation D)Inspection

C)Palpation

Which finding would lead the nurse to suspect that a child is experiencing moderate dehydration? A)Dusky extremities B)Tenting of skin C)Sunken fontanels D)Hypotension

C)Sunken fontanels

The parent of a 12-year-old child with Reye syndrome approaches the nurse wanting to know how this happened to the child, saying, "I never give my children aspirin!" What could the nurse say to begin educating the parent? A) "aspirin in combination with the virus will make the brain swell and the liver fail" B) "do you think that maybe your child took aspirin on their own?" C) "do not worry; you are in good hands. we have it under control now" D) "sometimes it is hard to tell what products may contain aspirin"

D) "sometimes it is hard to tell what products may contain aspirin"

A patient being assessed for influenza reports that they have a spouse that was coughing and sneezing at the dinner table three days previous, and has now been diagnosed with influenza. The nurse suspects that the most likely rout of transmission was A) indirect form the bacteria in the food that was prepared for dinner that night B) Indirect from when they were holding hands after dinner C) Direct from the water and food at the dinner table. D) Direct from the droplets produced by their spouse coughing and sneezing at the table

D) Direct from the droplets produced by their spouse coughing and sneezing at the table

An 8-year-old girl is scheduled for a renal ultrasound. What would the nurse include in the plan of care when preparing the child for this test? A)Withholding food and fluids after midnight B)Checking the child for allergies to shellfish C)Ensuring the child has a full bladder D)Informing the child she should feel no discomfort

D) Informing the child she should feel no discomfort

The nurse is obtaining a health history from parents whose 4-month-old boy has congenital hypothyroidism. What would the nurse most likely assess? A) The child has above-normal growth for his age. B) The child is active and playful. C) The skin is pink and healthy looking. D) It is difficult to keep the child awake

D) It is difficult to keep the child awake

The nurse has developed a plan of care for a 12-month-old hospitalized with dehydration as a result of rotavirus. Which intervention would the nurse include in the plan of care? A) Encouraging consumption of fruit juice B) Offering Kool-Aid or popsicles as tolerated C) Encouraging milk products to boost calorie intake D) Maintaining the intravenous (IV) fluid rate as ordered

D) Maintaining the intravenous (IV) fluid rate as ordered

The nurse is examining a 5-year-old boy. Which sign or symptom is a reliable first indication of respiratory illness in children? A)Slow, irregular breathing B)A bluish tinge to the lips C)Increasing lethargy D)Rapid, shallow breathing

D) Rapid, shallow breathing

The nurse is examining an 8-month-old girl for appropriate development during a regular check-up. Which observation points to a developmental risk? A) Cannot pull self to standing B) Crawls with stomach down C) Picks up small objects using entire hand D) Uses only the left hand to grasp

D) Uses only the left hand to grasp

The nurse has received morning report on a group of pediatric clients. Which client will the nurse see FIRST? A) a toddler with a temperature of 100.1 and a harsh, barking cough B) an infant with rhinorrhea, coughing, and oxygen saturation of 92% C) a preschool child with crackles in the right lower lobe and chest pain D) a school aged child with dysphagia, drooling and a hoarse voice

D) a school aged child with dysphagia, drooling and a hoarse voice

A family is anxious for information about the status of their ill infant. The parents do not understand English, but the 14-year-old daughter is competent in spoken and written English. The physician is present, but an interpreter is unavailable. The nurse should: A) have the child and health care provider discuss the information thoroughly and help the child share these data with the parents B) support the child while the child interprets for the parents and the health care provider at the bedside C) develop a written account of the infant's status with the health care provider that the child can read and explain to the parents D) coordinate health care provider and interpreter schedules and arrange an information-sharing session for later in the day

D) coordinate health care provider and interpreter schedules and arrange an information-sharing session for later in the day

The nurse is caring for a child immediately following a tonsillectomy. The child requests something to drink. Which action by the nurse is best? A) provide the child with a red popsicle to eat B) inform the child he or she can have nothing to drink for the next few hours C) assess the child's gag reflex before giving oral fluids D) give the child a few ice chips to consume

D) give the child a few ice chips to consume

The nurse is assessing a child with suspected infective endocarditis. Which assessment finding would the nurse interpret as a sign of extracardiac emboli? A) erythema marginatum B) delayed capillary refill C) pruritus D) roth spots

D) roth spots

When conducting a physical examination of a child with suspected Kawasaki disease, which finding would the nurse expect to assess? A) malar rash B) cafe au laut spots C) hirsutism or striae D) strawberry tongue

D) strawberry tongue

A nurse is providing education to a family about cardiac catheterization. What information would be included in the education? A) the catheter will be placed in the brachial artery B) the procedure will be performed even if the child has a fever C) the child will be able to move the leg again immediately after the procedure D) the catheter will be placed in the femoral artery

D) the catheter will be placed in the femoral artery

A group of students are reviewing information about fluid balance and losses in children in comparison to adults. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they state that: A)children have a proportionately greater amount of body water than do adults. B)fever plays a greater role in insensible fluid losses in infants and children. C)a higher metabolic rate plays a major role in increased insensible fluid losses. D)the infant's immature kidneys have a tendency to over concentrate urine.

D) the infant's immature kidneys have a tendency to over concentrate urine.

The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old boy who has undergone an appendectomy. The child is unwilling to use the incentive spirometer. Which approach would be most appropriate to elicit the child's cooperation? A)"Can you cough for me please?" B)"You must blow in this or you might get pneumonia." C)"If you don't try, I will have to get the doctor." D)"Can you blow on this pinwheel to make it spin?"

D)"Can you blow on this pinwheel to make it spin?"

The nurse has developed a plan of care for a 12-month-old hospitalized with dehydration as a result of rotavirus. Which intervention would the nurse include in the plan of care? A)Encouraging consumption of fruit juice B)Offering Kool-Aid or popsicles as tolerated C)Encouraging milk products to boost caloric intake D)Maintaining the intravenous (IV) fluid rate as ordered

D)Maintaining the intravenous (IV) fluid rate as ordered

A parent tells you that their 8-month-old cries when they leave the baby with a babysitter. What is your best response? A)Stranger anxiety should not occur until the baby is a toddler. This is a real concern. B)Perhaps the sitter doesn't meet the needs of the infant, you should get another sitter C)Crying when left with the sitter may indicate difficulty with building trust D)Separation anxiety is normal at this age. The infant recognizes the parents as separate beings form the babysitter

D)Separation anxiety is normal at this age. The infant recognizes the parents as separate beings form the babysitter

The nurse is providing postsurgical care for an infant who has undergone a hypospadias repair. Which action by the nurse would be most important to help keep the area clean while maintaining proper position of the drainage tubing? A)Keeping the drainage tube taped in an upright position B)Administering antibiotics as ordered C)Administering analgesics as prescribed D)Using a double-diapering technique

D)Using a double-diapering technique