Pediatrics Ch. 14

A 6-year-old child is bullying another child. The bullying child perceives that bullying is good. What is the reason behind it?

The child is not punished for misdeeds.

During assessment of a 12-year-old child, the nurse finds that the child's height is 127 cm, weight is 58 kg, and body posture is similar to that of an adult. What does the nurse conclude from these findings?

The child is obese.

During a home visit, the nurse assesses the growth and development of a 7-year-old child. After the assessment, the nurse documents that the child's physical development is inadequate. Which physical characteristic did the nurse find in the child?

Decreased leg length in relation to height

At a community health center a nurse is explaining age- related behavior and developmental changes to the parents of a 6-year-old child. Which statements made by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply.

"At the age of 6 the child follows the actions of adults." "At the age of 6 the child feels more independent." "At the age of 6 the child feels jealous of younger brothers or sisters."

The parent of a 6-year-old child is worried because the child frequently suffers from diarrhea and stomach upset. What does the nurse tell the child's parent?

"Children tend to acquire infections during the first two years of schooling."

A workshop is conducted for primary school teachers. In the workshop the nurse teaches cognitive development in middle childhood. Which statement made by the nurse indicates effective teaching?

"During middle childhood, children learn from their past experiences."

A 6-year-old child's parent tells the nurse that the child has a loose tooth and is worried about it. Which appropriate response does the nurse give to the child's parent?

"It is a normal finding at this age."

A nurse is teaching about the growth and developmental stages in children to their parents. Which statement does the nurse include about tasks that can be performed by a 6-year-old child?

"The child can count 13 pennies without effort."

The nurse is performing an assessment of a 9-year-old child. The nurse finds that the child's mother is very concerned about the child's appearance because the child is very thin. What is the nurse's best response?

"The child looks thinner now because of the reduction and redistribution of fat throughout the body. This is normal."

A parent tells the nurse, "I'm worried about my 13-year-old son. He hasn't started puberty, but my daughter did when she was 11 years old." What is the most appropriate explanation by the nurse?

"This is normal because the onset of pubescence is usually earlier in girls than it is in boys."

After interacting with the parents of a 10-year-old child, the nurse understands that they are effectively following guidelines to help the child in getting good grades in school. Which statement made by the parents supports the nurse's conclusion?

"We help our child with homework by explaining the questions and avoiding giving answers."

The nurse is teaching a group of parents about measures for the prevention of dental caries in their children. Which statements made by the parents indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.

"We should teach the children the correct way to floss their teeth." "We should reduce our children's intake of fermentable carbohydrates." "We should make sure our children brush twice a day."

of parents about measures for The nurse is teaching a group the prevention of dental caries in their children. Which statements made by the parents indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.

"We should teach the children the correct way to floss their teeth." "We should reduce our children's intake of fermentable carbohydrates." "We should make sure our children brush twice a day."

Why is it important for nurses caring for school-age children to emphasize the importance of dental hygiene to their parents?

Because permanent teeth erupt during the school-age years

Why is dental hygiene especially important during the school- age years?

Because the permanent teeth erupt during the school years

What is the most effective means of preventing dental caries in school-age children?

Brushing teeth after meals, after snacks, and at bedtime

The school nurse is asked to speak with the parents of a 10-year- old boy who has been bullying other children. What knowledge should the nurse's response should be based on?

Bullying often manifests itself in children who witness violence or abuse at home.

What is an important consideration related to childhood stress?

Children 7 to 12 years of age are capable of identifying physiologic stress responses.

During the assessment of an 8-year-old child, the nurse finds that the child's parents are depressed by the child's behavior. What information does the nurse provide about the behavioral changes in the child to the parents?

Children become more demanding at this age.

Which statement is descriptive of the social development of school-age children?

Children frequently have "best friends."

Nursing interventions to promote health during middle childhood should include what?

Educating the child and parents about the need for effective dental hygiene because these are the years in which permanent teeth erupt

The school nurse is discussing dental health with some children in first grade. Which teaching should be included?

Emphasizing the importance of brushing before bedtime

What instructions should the nurse include when instructing the parents of school-age children in ways to reduce the risk of injury in sports? Select all that apply.

Encourage physical activity outside of sports. Have children wear helmets and other protective equipment. Have children compete against kids who are about the same size.

A parent tells the nurse that her 8-year-old child throws a fit each night, refusing to go to bed. What interventions can the nurse suggest to the mother to help promote sleep in the school-age child?

Encouraging a quiet activity before bedtime

The nurse teaches progressive relaxation of muscle groups to a 12-year-old child who is under stress. Which sign of stress would the nurse have likely found in the child?

Facial redness

What is a characteristic of the psychosocial development of school-age children?

Feelings of inferiority can be derived from children themselves or from the environment.

Which tooth types usually erupt when the child is 6 years old?

First molar

The school nurse is teaching a class on safety. Which activities require protective athletic gear? Select all that apply.

Football Lacrosse Skateboarding

A child presents with toothache and inability to chew properly. Following a dental assessment, the nurse finds that the child has malocclusion. Which treatment strategy is included in the treatment plan to relieve the child from symptoms?

Orthodontics

The nurse is caring for a child with diarrhea and finds the child is stressed. The nurse interacts with the child to determine the cause of the stress. Which signs and symptoms of stress does the nurse find in the child? Select all that apply.

Headache Bedwetting Disturbed sleep patterns

A parent reports to the nurse that the child is stressed by having to take an examination. Which symptoms associated with stress does the nurse find in the child? Select all that apply.

Headache Neck pain Abdominal pain

The nurse is assessing a 10-year-old child in a pediatric unit. Which changes does the nurse observe that indicate the child's degree of physical maturity? Select all that apply.

Increase in leg length in relation to height Decrease in head circumference in relation to height Decrease in waist circumference in relation to height

A mother shouts at her 7-year-old child for doing wrong. Two days after this incident, the child develops fever. The child believes that fever is a punishment by God. WWhat does the nurse interpret from this condition?

It is a normal behavior seen at this age.

The parents of a 12-year-old child complain to the nurse that the child asks them about masturbation after watching a contraceptive advertisement. The parents are anxious about their child. Which response of the nurse helps relieve the parents' anxiety?

It is an age-associated behavior.

What is an important consideration in the prevention of injuries during middle childhood?

Most injuries occur in or near school or home.

The nurse recognizes that bullying is a common occurrence during the school-age years. How are the victims of bullies affected? Select all that apply.

Nightmares Social isolation Psychologic distress Increased self-harm behaviors

A group of boys has formed a club that is open to other boys who like to play sports. How is this behavior best described?

Normal social development of school-age children

A nurse receives a call from a parent who says that her 12-year- old son just lost a permanent tooth while playing soccer. What instruction should the nurse give to the parent to increase the likelihood that the tooth can be re-implanted?

Place the avulsed tooth in cold milk for transport to the dentist.

According to Freud, middle childhood is associated with an increase in relationships with:

Same-sex peers

What does Erikson describe in his theory of psychosocial development as the most important task for school-age children?

Sense of industry, in which children have access to tasks that need to be done and are able to complete them

The parents of an 8-year-old girl tell the nurse that their daughter wants to join a soccer team. What is the most appropriate recommendation, based in the nurse's knowledge of this age group?

Sports participation is encouraged if the sport is appropriate to the child's abilities.

The parents of a 10-year-old child reveal to the nurse that after watching the news of a child-kidnapping case, their child is experiencing nightmares and bedwetting. The child has also stopped going out to play due to the fear of being kidnapped. Which priority intervention does the nurse employ for the child?

Teach relaxation techniques to the child.

During middle childhood, some children tend to tell stories to their parents by exaggerating events at school. What suggestion does the nurse give to the parents to manage this?

Teach the difference between reality and fantasy.

The nurse is performing annual assessments of height and weight in school children ages years. 6 to 12 The nurse compares the current assessment of height and weight of the children with the previous year's assessment of the same set of children. What changes does the nurse expect to find in the healthy children?

The 12-year-old children are about 150 to 155 cm tall.

The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child. The nurse finds that the child is very curious about God and states that God is very loving towards children. Which statement appropriately describes spiritual development in the child?

The child assumes God to be a human.

The nurse is assessing a child who can count backwards from 20 to 1. Based on the child's age, what concepts of conservation would the child be able to determine?

The child can determine the permanence of an object's mass and volume.

The nurse is caring for a child with erupted lateral maxillary incisors and mandibular cuspids. Which developmental behavior corresponds with this child's age?

The child can independently make it to school on time.

The parents of a 7-year-old child want to know about growth and development in their child. Which tasks does the nurse mention as appropriate for the child?

The child combs his or own hair without help.

A parent of a 6-year-old child is worried, because the child brings toys from a friend's house without asking and often cheats in a game to win. What does the nurse infer from the child's behavior?

The child has normal behavior.

Which activities are typical adaptive behaviors for a 12-year- old child? Select all that apply.

The child is able to do easy repair work. The child looks after his or her own needs and the needs of others.

A nurse is performing an assessment of a 12-year-old child. After the assessment, the nurse documents that the child has impaired growth and development. Which personal and social traits has the nurse found in the child? Select all that apply.

The child spends most of his or her time alone. The child plays only with the same sex group.

After speaking with a 10-year-old child, the nurse advises Which the child to participate in an anti-bullying program. behaviors of the child might have led the nurse to give this advice? Select all that apply.

The child withdraws from social activities. The child has verbalized suicidal ideations.

While performing assessments of students at a grade school, the nurse learns that some are latchkey children. Which characteristics does the nurse find in the latchkey children?

The children spend most of their time at home.

What maturation of systems is associated with school-age children?

The heart grows more slowly during the middle years and is smaller in relation to the rest of the body.

Play takes on new dimensions in the school years. What are some of the ways in which play helps school-age children develop?

They acquire mastery over themselves, their environment, and others.

Which characteristic is observed in latchkey children?

They prefer remaining isolated.

Parents of a 10-year-old child are concerned that their child has been recently showing signs of low self-esteem. What should the nurse consider when discussing this issue with the parents?

Transitory periods of lowered self-esteem are expected developmentally.

During assessment, the nurse observes that the child's new secondary teeth are appearing too large for the face. Which stage of child development is the child in?

Ugly duckling stage

The nurse is teaching a community health promotion class to parents and school-age children related to bicycle safety. Issues cover in the sessions include what?

Walking bicycles through busy intersections

During the home visit, the parents of a 10-year-old child ask the nurse about safety guidelines because the child wants to get a bicycle. Which statement by the parents indicates the nurse's teaching has been effective?

"Wear light-colored clothes while riding bicycle at night."

The nurse is teaching the techniques of maintaining children's dental hygiene to a group of parents. Which statements by the nurse indicate effective teaching? Select all that apply.

"Give a toothbrush with soft nylon bristles to the child." "Instruct the child to brush the teeth after having snacks."

The nurse manager instructs a nurse to conduct a group activity for assessing physical and mental development in 6- to 12-year old children. Which suggestion given by the nurse manager is appropriate?

"Give grades and material rewards to all the children after performing the task."

At a primary health care center, the nurse is explaining preadolescence and prepubescence to the parents of children 8 to 12 years of age. Which statement made by the nurse indicates effective teaching?

"Rapid growth and development are seen in children during prepubescence."

The parents of 9-year-old twins tell the nurse, "They've filled their bedroom with collections of rocks, shells, stamps, up and cars." The nurse should recognize that this behavior is characteristic of what?

Cognitive development at this age

Parents of a school-age child tell the nurse that their child is being consistently bullied at school. What is the most important way in which the nurse can encourage the parents to help their child?

Communicate concerns to the teacher and principal.

What instruction should the nurse include when giving parents guidelines about helping their children in school?

Communicate with teachers if there appears to be a problem.

One cognitive task of school-age children is mastering which concept?

Conservation

Which behavior is most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive development?

Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes

The nurse is performing an assessment of a 7-year-old child. The child's parents report to the nurse that instead of studying, the child spends most of his time collecting stickers of cars and bikes. What does the nurse infer from the parents' report?

The child enjoys collecting the stickers.

The parents of a 12-year-old child often have to work until late at night and cannot take care of the child when the child returns from school. Which actions employed by the parent are appropriate?

The parents instruct the child to heat food in the microwave at low heat.

Although puberty can begin in either sex after the of 8 age years, at what age does puberty generally begin for girls and boys?

10 years for girls, 12 years for boys

What is the average age of second molar eruption in the child?

12-13 years

While assessing a child, the nurse fills two identical glasses with equal amounts of water and then pours the water from one of the two glasses into a third glass, which is wider in size. The child recognizes that the amount of water in the third glass is the same as before. What is the minimum age at which children should understand that the amount has not changed?

6 years

During the assessment of a 6-year-old child, the nurse gives several different tasks to the child. The nurse finds that the child has appropriate cognitive development. Which task is efficiently performed by the child?

Describing the use of common objects like car, fork, and chair

What has the most significant impact on the socialization of school-age children?

Classmates

What is the primary oral problem in children and adolescents?

Dental caries

Following the dental assessment of a child, the nurse finds that the child has gingivitis. Which symptoms associated with gingivitis are found in the child? Select all that apply.

Deposition of plaque Inflammation of gums Bleeding from the gums

A 12-year-old girl asks her mother, "What are tampons? One of my friends in school said that she uses them every month, because she has bleeding." Which action should the nurse advise the mother to employ in this situation?

Discuss the menstrual cycle and use of tampons.