Pediatrics

Toddlers are able to feel shame, embarrassment, and pride.

True

Which of the following is true of adolescent emotional development?

Seek to establish their identities

Infancy includes children from birth to 1 year old.

True

Most children rely on their diaphragms for breathing.

True

What is the cause of a febrile seizure in pediatric patients?

Fever

Which aspect of physical development helps children in the early childhood stage to have greater coordination and balance?

Improved motor skills

Why are the liver and spleen more prone to injury in children than in adults?

In children, these organs are not fully protected by the rib cage.

What might a bulging fontanelle on an infant's head indicate?

Increased intracranial pressure

Which of the following is an appropriate response to a child who is having a seizure?

Move unsafe items out of the child's way.

Which of the following is true about shock in children?

Once signs of shock appear, the child will deteriorate rapidly.

Which of the following is true about pediatric vital signs?

Pediatric vital signs are different, according to the age of a child.

What may occur if too much force is used when ventilating a child?

Pneumothorax

Which of the following most accurately describes the emotional state of children in the early childhood stage?

Quick shifts from confident to unsure

Which of the following stages of emotional development is commonly experienced by infants?

Separation anxiety

After the scene of an incident involving a child has been secured, which of the following is an appropriate manner for an EMS provider to enter the scene?

Take a moment to observe the big picture and look for clues.

When does primary assessment for a pediatric patient begin?

"At the door"

Between which ages does early childhood occur?

2 to 6 years old

A child in middle childhood or adolescence will have an average body temperature of ____.

98.6°F

Which of the following may be used to determine a child's level of consciousness?

AVPU check

Which of the following is the correct response to a suspected SIDS infant who shows no signs of rigor mortis or lividity?

Aggressively attempt to resuscitate the infant through CPR

Which of the following is a type of physical development that occurs during infancy?

All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a lower airway disease that may result in respiratory distress in children?

All of the above

Which of the following is true of adolescent intellectual development?

All of the above

Which of the following is typical of middle childhood social development?

All of the above

Which of the following questions should be asked to the caregiver of an injured child during scene size-up?

All of the above

Why must padding be placed beneath a child's shoulders during immobilization?

All of the above

What are the three sides of the pediatric assessment triangle?

Appearance, breathing, circulation

Why is a child's brain more prone to bleeding from an injury than an adult's brain?

Because a child's brain has less cushioning.

Why is it important for EMS providers to be able to recognize signs of respiratory distress in pediatric patients?

Because children with respiratory emergencies deteriorate quickly

Why are children able to compensate for shock for a long period of time?

Because their blood vessels constrict efficiently

Which method may be used to administer oxygen to children who do not tolerate a face mask?

Blow by method

Which two pulse points should be checked and compared when assessing the circulation of infant patients?

Brachial and femoral

Children generally have faster metabolisms than adults. What is one result of this faster metabolic rate?

Children use oxygen and glucose faster than adults.

Which of the following is true about children's rib cages?

Children's rib cages are more pliable than adults'.

What is the term that is used to describe the ability to share and play with other children, which commonly develops during early childhood years?

Cooperative play

Which of the following is true of adolescent social development?

Develop their own sense of morals and values

Children in the middle childhood stage of development become more dependent and irresponsible as their confidence deteriorates.

False

Children who are in respiratory distress because of an airway disease are given the same emergency care as those with airway obstructions.

False

Children's skin is generally tougher and thicker than adults' skin.

False

Which of the following conditions are considered unstable in a child and require rapid transportation?

All of the above

Which of the following is a way in which a child might be exposed to a toxic substance?

All of the above

What is the cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

There is no known cause.

Which of the following items is important during management of pediatric shock?

All of the above

Which type of fracture is common in the extremities of children?

Greenstick fractures

EMS providers should communicate with pediatric patients in the same way that they communicate with adult patients.

False

Emotionally, toddlers have no empathy for others.

False

For SIDS infants, a SAMPLE history is not needed because the infant has already passed away.

False

Infants typically do not have any form of social development.

False

Infants typically have a lower body temperature than all other pediatric age groups.

False

It is important for EMS providers to diagnose SIDS on the field.

False

Males and females experience puberty the same way.

False

Most infants breathe through their mouths.

False

Only unstable pediatric patients should be given ABC management.

False

Why is a "trunk to head" evaluation sometimes recommended when performing a detailed physical exam on a small child who is not in critical condition?

The child may have less anxiety if the trunk of the body is examined before the head.

You are called to the scene of a bicycle accident involving a 10-year-old girl. She is alert and responsive. Her mother and several bystanders are also at the scene. To whom should you first direct your questions in order to obtain a SAMPLE history?

The girl

Which of the following is true of decompensated respiratory failure?

The patient is no longer able to compensate for insufficient oxygen.

What is true of a pediatric patient who demonstrates stridor while in respiratory distress?

The patient probably has an upper airway obstruction.

Which of the following is always true about the role of an EMR or EMT during a pediatric poisoning incident?

They must treat the effects of the poisoning in the patient.

Which of the following is true about the intellectual development of toddlers?

They play make-believe and imitate adult actions.

Why should the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver be used with caution in small children?

Tilting back the head may pinch and block the child's airway.

A newborn's respiratory rate is normally faster than any other pediatric age group.

True

An infant's tongue is proportionally larger than an adult's tongue.

True

Children have a larger body surface area than adults in relation to their body mass.

True

Children in the middle childhood stage have more self-esteem than those in the early childhood stage.

True

During early childhood, most children are able to see simple situations from someone else's point of view.

True

During middle childhood, children's ability to think logically and understand more complex ideas develops.

True

Following a SIDS incident, EMS providers should offer support to the family and caregivers.

True

In early respiratory distress, an increased respiratory rate is usually able to compensate for insufficient oxygen levels.

True

Infants have the ability to recognize people, places, and objects.

True

Most toddlers will begin to show signs of gender-stereotypical toy choices.

True

Pediatric patients have an increased risk of airway obstruction.

True

Respiratory arrest often leads to cardiac arrest in pediatric patients.

True

When forming a general impression about a pediatric patient, which of the following is true of a "sick" child?

Unaware of your presence

At what point during assessment should the pediatric assessment triangle be used?

When forming the general impression

Under what circumstances can a foreign body airway obstruction be removed from a pediatric patient's airway with the finger sweep method?

When the object is visible