peds

A child is hospitalized and diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. What can the nurse anticipate will be included in the plan of care and treatment? Select all that apply.

Acetaminophen Antibiotic therapy Administering tepid baths as needed

A child is admitted to the emergency room with dyspnea and hypoxia immediately following a bee sting. What is the first action made by the nurse?a. Administer IM diphenhydramine b. Administer oral prednisolone c. Administer oral cetirizine d. Administer IM epinephrine

Administer IM epinephrine

A 6-month-old infant is admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis. She is crying, irritable, and lying in the opisthotonic position. Which intervention should the nurse take initially?

Institute droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. The child must be placed on droplet precautions until 24 hours of antibiotics have been given.

The nurse is observing an infant who may have acute bacterial meningitis. Which finding might the nurse look for? a) Irritability, fever, and vomiting b) Jaundice, drowsiness, and refusal to eat c) Negative Kernig's sign d) Flat fontanel

Irritability, fever, and vomiting

A child is brought to the emergency department and is experiencing status epilepticus. The nurse would expect to administer which treatment as first-line therapy? Phenytoin Lorazepam Fosphenytoin Midazolam

Lorazepam

A nurse is obtaining the history from a parent of a child who experiences absence seizures. Which of the following would the nurse expect the mother to describe?

Loss of motor activity accompanied by a blank stare

A 17-year-old is brought to the emergency department with a fever, headache, and stiff neck. Bacterial meningitis is suspected. The nurse would anticipate preparing the adolescent for which test to confirm the diagnosis?Complete blood count Lumbar puncture Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging

Lumbar puncture

The eyes of a 9-year-old who suffered a head injury are crossed. Besides checking ICP, which intervention would be most important for the nurse to perform?

Assess the child's level of consciousness.

What finding is consistent with increased ICP in the child?

Bulging fontanel

The nurse is assessing a 9-year-old child who is suspected of having meningitis. The nurse assesses the child for meningeal irritation using the Kernig sign. Which result would the nurse interpret as positive? Child reports pain behind the knee when leg is extended. Child immediately flexes the knees when chin touches chest. Child flexes hips when placed in the supine position. Child reports pain when head is raised toward the chest.

Child reports pain behind the knee when leg is extended.

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child with bacterial conjunctivitis of the right eye. The eye is inflamed and drains a thick, yellow discharge. What should the nurse teach the patient about the care of the eye?

Clean the discharge away from the inner to outer canthus.

A preschool-age child has just been admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The nurse would include which recommendation in the nursing plan?

Decrease environmental stimulation

The nurse is preparing a room for a child being admitted with meningitis. What is the appropriate action by the nurse? Ensure that lights and televisions work properly to provide stimulation while the child is hospitalized. Provide information regarding policies of the unit's playroom for the parents to review. Gather appropriate equipment and signage for respiratory isolation precautions. Place multiple pillows in the room to assist with propping the child's head up.

Gather appropriate equipment and signage for respiratory isolation precautions.

In caring for the child with Guillain-Barré syndrome, the nurse will provide much supportive care while watching carefully for signs of deterioration in which body system? a) Urinary b) Integumentary c) Cardiovascular d) Respiratory

Respiratory

Which nursing assessment data should be given the highest priority for a child with clinical findings related to meningitis?

Signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

Which nursing assessment data should be given the highest priority for a child with clinical findings related to meningitis? a) Occurrence of urine and fecal contamination b) Degree and extent of nuchal rigidity c) Signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) d) Onset and character of fever

Signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

Which type of spinal neural tube defect does the nurse recognize as common and usually benign? a) Myelomeningocele b) Meningocele c) Spina bifida d) Spina bifida occulta

Spina bifida occulta

The nurse is preparing teaching materials for a family whose child is prescribed somatropin for a growth hormone deficiency. What should the nurse instruct the parents about the administration of this medication?

This medication must be given by injection.

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who presents to the emergency department with suspected meningitis. The nurse suspects the child has septic meningitis. Which assessment finding supports this suspicion? recent influenza infection report of a stiff neck purple skin rash presence of photophobia

purple skin rash

A 6-year-old has had a viral infection for the past 5 days and is having severe vomiting, confusion, and irritability, although he is now afebrile. During the assessment, the nurse should ask the parent which question?

"Did you use any medications like aspirin for the fever?"

The nurse is assessing for bladder and bowel function in a newborn with spina bifida at the level of the lumbar spine. Which reflex test would the nurse use to assess this function? a. Anal wink b. Cremasteric c. Gag d. Achille's

Anal wink

A child is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. The nurse would suspect which abnormality of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? a) Decreased pressure b) Cloudy appearance c) Elevated sugar d) Decreased leukocytes

Cloudy appearance

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 10-year-old boy with a suspected neuromuscular disorder. Which finding is a sign of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? a. indications of hydrocephalus b. lordosis c. appearance of smaller than normal calf muscles d. Gowers sign

Gowers sign

Shortly after delivery, a newborn is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. What manifestation will the nurse assess in this patient?

Jitteriness

Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in the first 12 hours of life for a neonate born with a myelomeningocele? A. Risk for infection B. Delayed growth and development C. Impaired physical mobility D. Constipation

Risk for infection

Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in the first 12 hours of life for a neonate born with a myelomeningocele? a) Risk for infection b) Delayed growth and development c) Impaired physical mobility d) Constipation

Risk for infection

In caring for the child with meningitis, the nurse recognizes that which of the following nursing diagnoses would be the most important to include in this child's plan of care? a) Delayed growth and development related to physical restrictions b) Risk for acute pain related to surgical procedure c) Risk for injury related to seizure activity d) Ineffective airway clearance related to history of seizures

Risk for injury related to seizure activity

The nurse is educating the parents of a 5-year-old girl with infectious conjunctivitis about the disorder. Which information is most important to provide to prevent the spread of the disorder?

Washing hands frequently

The pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) records "positive Gowers' sign" after finishing the assessment of a young boy. How will the student nurse reading the PNP's note interpret this? a. The boy rises from the floor by walking his hands up his legs. b. Severe lordosis is evident in the lumbar spine. c. The boy has a large tan skin lesion on his torso. d. The head is held tilted with limited side-to-side motion.

a. The boy rises from the floor by walking his hands up his legs.

The nurse is conducting a health assessment of a 6-year-old girl with spina bifida. During the interview, the girl keeps interrupting and shouting to get her mother's attention. The mother instantly responds to every interruption and attempts to placate her with promises of a trip to the toy store. How should the nurse address the mother about the girl's apparent lack of discipline? a. "Does your daughter interrupt you like that on a regular basis? b. "How do you feel when your daughter interrupts you?" c. "Are you embarrassed by your daughter's behavior?" d. "She is certainly demanding, isn't she?"

"How do you feel when your daughter interrupts you?"

The parents of a 17-year-old adolescent diagnosed with bacterial meningitis tell the nurse, "We just do not understand how this could have happened. Our adolescent has always been healthy and just received a booster vaccine last year." How should the nurse respond? "Meningococcal conjugate vaccine covers only two types of bacterial meningitis." "I understand your frustration. Unfortunately, immunizations are not 100% effective in preventing the infection." "Maybe your child's immune system is not strong enough to fight off the infection, even with having received the vaccine." "Your child may have been exposed to the type of meningitis that is not covered by the vaccine received."

"I understand your frustration. Unfortunately, immunizations are not 100% effective in preventing the infection."

A nurse has just given otic medication instructions to the parents of a 12-year-old child. Which statement would indicate that the parents need further education concerning the medication?

"I will pull the outer ear down and back before administering the medication."

A toddler is prescribed amoxicillin for bilateral otitis media. The parent reports that the toddler refuses to take the oral medication. The nurse knows that more education is needed when the parent makes which statement?

"I will shake the medication well, and draw up the medication to the top of the syringe. My spouse and I will hold our toddler down and force the medication down his throat."

The nurse has finished teaching the mother of a 5-year-old male diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis how to manage her son's infection at home. Which statement by the mother would indicate a need for further education?

"I will use Visine drops in his infected eye to help reduce redness."

The parents of a infant born with an abnormality on the back are told by the neonatologist that their child has a myelomeningeocele. They ask the nurse what exactly that means. Which would be the nurse's best reply? A. "The contents of the sac you see only has fluid in it and should cause the child no problem." B. "It is a herniation through the skin of the back of your child with both the spinal cord and nerve roots involved." C. "The sac is a very small cyst and should resolve within the first year of life." D. "Your child's defect involves only the nerves to the bladder and bowel and can be easily repaired."

"It is a herniation through the skin of the back of your child with both the spinal cord and nerve roots involved."

The nurse is speaking with the mother of an infant being treated for hydrocephalus. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for further instruction?

"My baby's prematurity may have contributed to this condition."

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy with myelomeningocele. The nurse is teaching the mother how to promote appropriate bowel elimination and avoid constipation. Which response from the mother indicates a need for further teaching? a) "I can palpate his abdomen to assess for constipation" b) "I need to figure out his usual pattern for passing stool." c) "He must have an adequate amount of fluid." d) "My son's activity is too limited to stimulate his bowels."

"My son's activity is too limited to stimulate his bowels."

The child with a surgically repaired myelomeningocele has a neurogenic bladder. How will the nurse best explain this problem to the parents? a) "Your child cannot properly control holding urine or emptying the bladder. b) "Your child dribbles urine because the bladder either is overactive, pushing urine out, or is not active enough, becoming overfilled and causing urine to leak." c) "While your child is young, urine leaking from the bladder will not be a problem because diapering is expected." d) "Old urine remains in the bladder because of poor emptying or overfilling, putting your child at risk for urinary tract infection."

"Old urine remains in the bladder because of poor emptying or overfilling, putting your child at risk for urinary tract infection.

A nurse is caring for a child with spina bifida. The child's mother asks the nurse what she did to cause the birth defect. Which statement would be the nurse's best response?

"The cause is unknown and there are many environmental factors that may contribute to it."

Seven-year-old Isabelle has been complaining of headache, coughing, and an aching chest. The care provider makes a diagnosis of a viral infection. The child's mother tells the nurse that when Isabelle first said she had a headache, the child's father gave her half of an adult aspirin. The mother has heard of Reye syndrome and asks the nurse if her child could get this. Which statement would be best for the nurse to say to this mother?

"This might or might not be a problem. Watch Isabelle for signs of lethargy, unusual irritability, confusion, or vomiting. If you notice any of these, bring her to the emergency room immediately so she can be checked for Reye syndrome."

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. When explaining the treatment plan to the parents, which information would the nurse likely include? "Your child will need high doses of antibiotics to treat the infection." "We will monitor your child closely and keep your child comfortable." "Until your child improves, we cannot give your child anything to eat." "We will need to move your child to the intensive care unit for care."

"We will monitor your child closely and keep your child comfortable."

The meningococcal vaccine should be offered to high-risk populations. If never vaccinated, who has an increased risk of becoming infected with meningococcal meningitis? Select all that apply.

18-year-old student who is preparing for college in the fall and has signed up to live in a dormitory with two other suite mates 12-year-old child with asthma 5-year-old child who routinely travels in the summer with her parents on mission trips to Haiti 9-year-old child who was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus when he was 7 years old

Why will it be necessary for the nurse to be very supportive of parents' attempts to feed the infant with recently repaired myelomeningocele? A. Pain will interfere with the feeding process. B. The infant will have a poor sucking reflex. C. Assuming the usual feeding position will be difficult. D. Nausea and vomiting often follow repair of the cystic mass.

Assuming the usual feeding position will be difficult.

Why will it be necessary for the nurse to be very supportive of parents' attempts to feed the infant with recently repaired myelomeningocele? a) The infant will have a poor sucking reflex. b) Pain will interfere with the feeding process. c) Assuming the usual feeding position will be difficult. d) Nausea and vomiting often follow repair of the cystic mass.

Assuming the usual feeding position will be difficult.

Which nursing action should be included in the care plan to promote comfort in a 4-year-old child hospitalized with meningitis? a) Have the child's 2-year-old brother stay in the room b) Keep the lights on brightly so that he can see his mother c) Avoid making noise when in the child's room d) Rock the child frequently

Avoid making noise when in the child's room

Which nursing action should be included in the care plan to promote comfort in a 4-year-old child hospitalized with meningitis? a) Rock the child frequently b) Avoid making noise when in the child's room c) Have the child's 2-year-old brother stay in the room d) Keep the lights on brightly so that he can see his mother

Avoid making noise when in the child's room

The school nurse is assessing a student complaining of left eye pain. Upon visual inspection, the nurse notes left conjunctivae redness and thick, colored discharge. The nurse understands that these signs and symptoms are consistent with which diagnosis?

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A preschool-age child has just been admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The nurse would include which recommendation in the nursing plan? a) Take vital signs every 4 hours b) Monitor temperature every 4 hours c) Encourage the parents to hold the child d) Decrease environmental stimulation

Decrease environmental stimulation

A newborn is diagnosed with spina bifida. What initial reactions might the nurse expect to observe in the parents of the newborn? Select all that apply. a. Denial b. Disbelief c. Acceptance d. Shock e. Elation

Denial Disbelief Shock

A nurse is providing care for a 6-year-old child admitted to the hospital for meningitis. The child's past medical history shows recent mild-to-moderate hearing loss secondary to recurrent ear infections. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement? Determine an effective method of communicating with the child. Provide the family with information on community support groups. Coordinate hearing rehabilitation and speech therapy services. Educate the parents about antibiotics to treat infection.

Determine an effective method of communicating with the child.

The nurse receives a report on a child admitted with severe muscular dystrophy. The nurse suspects the child has been diagnosed with the most severe form of the disease, known as:

Duchenne.

The nurse is teaching the family of a 6-year-old boy with allergic conjunctivitis how to minimize his exposure to allergens. What action would the nurse anticipate as being most difficult for the family to implement?

Encouraging the child to keep his hands away from his eyes

The nurse is teaching the family of a 6-year-old boy with allergic conjunctivitis how to minimize his exposure to allergens. What action would the nurse anticipate as being most difficult for the family to implement?

Encouraging the child to keep his hands away from his eyes.

A child is diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. The child's mother states, "I don't know where she would have picked this up." The nurse prepares to respond to the mother, based on the understanding that this disorder is most likely caused by which of the following? a) Enterovirus b) Escherichia coli c) Streptococcus group B d) Haemophilus influenza type B

Enterovirus

The nurse is teaching a health and wellness course to young women of childbearing age. Which vitamin will the nurse encourage all to take daily? a. Ascorbic acid b. Folic acid c. Niacind d.Calcium

Folic acid

The mother of a 3-year-old with a myelomeningocele is thinking about having another baby. The nurse should inform the woman that she should increase her intake of which acid? A. Folic acid to 0.4 mg/day B. Folic acid above 0.4 mg/day C. Ascorbic acid to 4 mg/day D. Ascorbic acid to 0.4 mg/day

Folic acid above 0.4 mg/day

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a health fair focusing on prevention of congenital neuromuscular disorders. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize as most important in preventing neural tube defects? a) Ultrasound screening at 16 weeks' gestation b) Folic acid supplementation c) Genetic testing for gene identification d) Maternal serum α-fetoprotein levels screening

Folic acid supplementation

A nurse who is discussing Duchenne muscular dystrophy characterizes it correctly using which descriptors? a) Duchenne muscular dystrophy is diagnosed in boys who develop gait changes during the late school-age years. b) Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive disease of muscles and nerves that affects males and females equally. c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes progressive muscular weakness that ends in death. d) Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a nonprogressive disorder that severely affects muscle function through spinal cord atrophy.

Folic acid supplementation

An infant has been born and diagnosed with a meningocele. Which action will the nurse incorporate into each contact with this infant? a) Auscultation for bowel sounds b) Listening for a shrill cry c) Inspection of the cystic sac on the child's back for leakage d) Careful supine positioning

Inspection of the cystic sac on the child's back for leakage

A 6-month-old infant is admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis. She is crying, irritable, and lying in the opisthotonic position. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take initially? a) Educate the family about preventing bacterial meningitis. b) Encourage the mother to hold and comfort the infant. c) Institute droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions. d) Palpate the child's fontanels.

Institute droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions.

A 6-month-old infant is admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis. She is crying, irritable, and lying in the opisthotonic position. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take initially? a) Encourage the mother to hold and comfort the infant. b) Educate the family about preventing bacterial meningitis. c) Institute droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions. d) Palpate the child's fontanels.

Institute droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions.

The nurse will teach parents of children with myelomeningocele to maintain an environment free of what element? a) Latex b) Cat dander c) Alcohol gel d) Peanuts

Latex

The nurse is caring for an infant with a myelomeningocele who has paralysis of the lower extremities. Which action would be most appropriate to help reduce friction resulting from this paralysis? a) Place the child on a special care mattress. b) Place a pad beneath the diaper area and change frequently. c) Place a folded diaper in between the legs. d) Place synthetic sheepskin under the infant's chest.

Place a folded diaper in between the legs.

A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child for possible bacterial meningitis. Which sign would indicate irritation of the meninges?

Positive Kernig sign

A nurse is administering ear drops to a 7-year-old girl. What should the nurse do?

Pull the pinna of the ear up and back to straighten the external ear canal.

A nurse correctly identifies which data as needing to be obtained from an injured child in relation to his or her respiratory status? Select all that apply a.) Skin color b.) Quality of respirations c.) Sound of obstruction d.) Pulse rate e.) Rate of respirations

Rate of respirations

The nurse is taking a health history for a 9-year-old with conjunctivitis. Which finding would suggest that this is allergic conjunctivitis?

Recently helped clean the basement

What will be the nurse's next action after noting dimpling and a tuft of hair located in the lumbosacral area of the preschool child during examination? a) Record and refer the finding for follow-up to the pediatrician b) Move on to other assessments without calling attention to the difference c) Snip the tuft of hair off close to the skin for hygienic reasons d) Inspect for precocious hair growth in the genital and underarm areas

Record and refer the finding for follow-up to the pediatrician

The nurse is planning care for a preschool-age child diagnosed with meningitis. What should the nurse identify as a priority goal for this patient's care? Inspect the teeth for obvious caries. Reduce the pain related to nuchal rigidity. Provide an opportunity for therapeutic play. Increase stimulation opportunities to prevent coma

Reduce the pain related to nuchal rigidity.

A nurse is preparing a plan of care for an infant who has undergone surgery to repair a myelomeningocele. The nurse would include placing the infant in which position postoperatively? Select all that apply. a) Right side lying b) Left side lying c) Semi-Fowler d) Supine e) Prone

Right side lying• Left side lying• Prone

Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse prepare for the infant who is placed prone to protect the myelomeningocele repair site? a) Peripheral neurovascular dysfunction b) Disorganized infant behavior c) Risk for activity intolerance d) Risk for impaired skin integrity

Risk for impaired skin integrity

A group of students are reviewing the various causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in children. The students demonstrate understanding of this condition when they identify what as the most common cause?

Staphylococcus aureus

A 12-year-old boy arrives at the emergency room experiencing nausea, vomiting, headache, and seizures. He is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Other findings include a decrease in urine production, hyponatremia, and water intoxication. Which pituitary gland disorder would be most associated with these symptoms? A. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone B. Diabetes insipidus C. Hyposecretion of somatotropin D. Hypersecretion of somatotropin

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

The young child has been diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome and it is progressing in a classic manner. Rank the following sequence of events in the order that they typically occur. The child is having difficulty producing facial expressions. The child reports numbness and tingling in his toes. The child states that it is difficult to move his arms. The child states that it is difficult to move his legs.

The child reports numbness and tingling in his toes. The child states that it is difficult to move his legs. The child states that it is difficult to move his arms. The child is having difficulty producing facial expressions.

The mother of a child with conjunctivitis asks you if her son will develop amblyopia later in childhood because of the infection. You would teach her that amblyopia results from a condition such as:

ptosis.

To detect complications as early as possible in a child with meningitis who's receiving I.V. fluids, monitoring for which condition should be the nurse's priority?

Cerebral edema

To detect complications as early as possible in a child with meningitis who's receiving I.V. fluids, monitoring for which condition should be the nurse's priority? a) Cerebral edema b) Cardiogenic shock c) Renal failure d) Left-sided heart failure

Cerebral edema

To detect complications as early as possible in a child with meningitis who's receiving IV fluids, monitoring for which condition should be the nurse's priority? Cerebral edema Renal failure Left-sided heart failure Cardiogenic shock

Cerebral edema

A child is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. The nurse would suspect which abnormality of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? a) Elevated sugar b) Cloudy appearance c) Decreased leukocytes d) Decreased pressure

Cloudy appearance

Antibiotic therapy to treat meningitis should be instituted immediately after which event? Initiation of IV therapy Collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood for cultureIdentification of the causative organism Admission to the nursing unit

Collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood for culture

A young child in the clinic has watery eyes and reddened conjunctiva. The child keeps the eyes closed a lot, because it hurts to have them open. Which problem does the nurse suspect for this client?

Conjunctivitis

The mother of a 12-year-old with Reye syndrome approaches the nurse wanting to know how this happened to her child, saying, "I never give my kids aspirin!" What could the nurse say to begin educating the woman?

"Sometimes it's hard to tell what products may contain aspirin."

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with aseptic meningitis. When explaining the treatment plan to the parents, which information would the nurse likely include? "We will monitor your child closely and keep your child comfortable." "We will need to move your child to the intensive care unit for care." "Until your child improves, we cannot give your child anything to eat." "Your child will need high doses of antibiotics to treat the infection."

"We will monitor your child closely and keep your child comfortable."

The nurse is teaching the parents of a female child with a myelomeningocele how to perform clean intermittent catheterization. The nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the parents return demonstrate the procedure and state which of the following? a) "Before inserting the catheter, we need to wipe her labia with normal saline from back to front." b) "We need to insert the catheter about 6 inches so that we make sure the catheter is in the bladder." c) "We need to apply some petroleum jelly to her labia and the catheter before we attempt to insert it." d) "When the urine stops flowing, we should press on the lower belly to ensure the bladder is empty."

"When the urine stops flowing, we should press on the lower belly to ensure the bladder is empty."

A 6-month-old infant is admitted with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The nurse would place the infant in which room? a) A private room near the nurses' station b) A two-bed room in the middle of the hall c) A room with a 12-month-old infant with a urinary tract infection d) A room with an 8-month-old infant with failure to thrive

A private room near the nurses' station

The nurse caring for an infant with myelomeningocele before surgical intervention will prioritize care in what way? a) Keep the mass uncovered and dry b) Prevent cold stress using an Isolette and blankets c) Change position from side to side hourly d) Cover the sac with a saline-moistened dressing

Cover the sac with a saline-moistened dressing

A preschool-age child has just been admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The nurse would include which recommendation in the nursing plan? Decrease environmental stimulation Encourage the parents to hold the child Take vital signs every 4 hours Monitor temperature every 4 hours

Decrease environmental stimulation

A preschool-age child has just been admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The nurse would include which recommendation in the nursing plan? Take vital signs every 4 hours Monitor temperature every 4 hours Decrease environmental stimulation Encourage the parents to hold the child

Decrease environmental stimulation

A nurse suspects that a child has developed pneumococcal meningitis based on assessment of which of the following? Otitis media Chills Nuchal rigidity Productive cough

Nuchal rigidity

Which diagnostic measure is most accurate in detecting neural tube defects?a) Flat plate of the lower abdomen after the 23rd week of gestation b) Significant level of alpha-fetoprotein present in amniotic fluid c) Presence of high maternal levels of albumin after 12th week of gestation d) Amniocentesis for lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio

Significant level of alpha-fetoprotein present in amniotic fluid