Peds Exam 4 - Measles, Muscular Dystrophy, Failure to Thrive, Downs, Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Spina Bifida

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old with myelomeningocele. When teaching about care related to neurogenic bladder, what response by the parent would indicate that additional teaching is required? A) "Routine catheterization will decrease the risk of infection from urine staying in the bladder." B) "I know it will be important for me to catheterize my child for the rest of her life." C) "I will make sure that I always use latex-free catheters." D) "I will wash the catheter with warm soapy water after each use."

B) "I know it will be important for me to catheterize my child for the rest of her life."

A parent asks why a physical therapist is needed for the 6-month-old child diagnosed with Down syndrome. What is the best response by the nurse? A) "The earlier the intervention, the more likely we are to cure the problem" B) "To optimize the child's development and functioning" C) "To ensure that the child meets all developmental milestones on time" D) "To prevent contractures"

B) "To optimize the child's development and functioning"

The nurse caring for a client diagnosed with muscular dystrophy would expect which laboratory values to be most abnormal? A) Bilirubin B) Creatine kinase C) Serum potassium D) Sodium

B) Creatine kinase

Through which mechanism is Duchenne muscular dystrophy acquired? A) Virus B) Heredity C) Autoimmune factors D) Environmental toxins

B) Heredity

wBecause of the long term nature of treatments related to spina bifida, these patients are more at risk for the development of A) Rickets B) Latex allergy C) Craniosynostosis D) Intraventricular hemorrhage

B) Latex allergy

A pregnant client asks if there is any danger to the development of her fetus in the first few weeks of her pregnancy. How should the nurse respond? A) "As long as you were taking good care of your health before becoming pregnant, your fetus should be fine during the first few weeks of pregnancy." B) "Bones begin to harden in the first 5 to 6 weeks of pregnancy, so vitamin D consumption is particularly important." C) "During the first 3 to 4 weeks of pregnancy, brain and spinal cord development occur and are affected by nutrition, drugs, infection, or trauma." D) "The respiratory system matures during this time, so good prenatal care during the first weeks of pregnancy is very important."

C) "During the first 3 to 4 weeks of pregnancy, brain and spinal cord development occur and are affected by nutrition, drugs, infection, or trauma."

What precautions are required for measles? A) Standard B) Contact C) Airborne D) Droplet

C) Airborne

What is the best way to prevent measles? A) Eat green leafy foods B) Avoid exposure C) Get your child immunized D) Do not go out in public

C) Get your child immunized - MMR

The nurse is caring for orthopedic children who are in the postoperative period following spinal fusion. What is the most appropriate activity to delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel? A) Ambulate the children twice daily to promote mobility. B) Encourage commode use to promote bowel function. C) Provide diversionary activities, as the children must stay flat on their backs. D) Assist with log-rolling the children every 2 hours.

D) Assist with log-rolling the children every 2 hours.

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 9-month-old infant with a suspected neuromuscular disorder. Which finding would warrant further evaluation? A) Presence of symmetrical spontaneous movement B) Absence of Moro reflex C) Absence of tonic neck reflex D) Presence of Moro reflex

D) Presence of Moro reflex

wA 6-yr old born with myelomeningocele has a neurogenic bladder disorder. Her parents have been performing clean intermittent catheterizations. The nurse should recommend which of the following? A) Teach the child appropriate bladder control. B) Teach the teachers how to perform catheterization. C) Encourage the family to consider a urinary diversion. D) Teach the child to perform self-catheterization.

D) Teach the child to perform self-catheterization.

The pediatric nurse practioner (PNP) records "positive Gowers' sign" after finishing the assessment of a young boy. How will the student nurse reading the PNP's note interpret this? A) The boy has a large tan skin lesion on his torso. B) Severe lordosis is evident in the lumbar spine. C) The head is held tilted with limited side-to-side motion. D) The boy rises from the floor by walking his hands up his legs.

D) The boy rises from the floor by walking his hands up his legs.

wThe best response to a woman who is 6 weeks pregnant with a family history of spina bifida who asks about the risk to her own fetus is A) There is nothing to worry about unless you are > 35 yrs old. B) Prenatal detection is not yet possible. C) Chromosomal studies done on amniotic fluid can diagnose the defect prenatally. D) The concentration of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid can indicate the presence of the defect prenatally.

D) The concentration of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid can indicate the presence of the defect prenatally.

What group is at the highest risk for catching measles? A)Homeless Population B) Elderly Population C)Nurses D)Immunocompromised

D)Immunocompromised

The nurse is observing a 3-year-old boy who is sitting and playing in the waiting area of his pediatrician's office. The nurse calls the boy and his mother back for the boy's appointment. The boy rolls onto his stomach and pushes himself to his knees. Then he presses his hands against his ankles, knees, and thighs, walking up the front of his body, to stand. Which condition should the nurse suspect in this client? A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy B) Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy C) Congenital myotonic dystrophy D) Juvenile arthritis

A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

The nurse is caring for an infant with a myelomeningocele who has paralysis of the lower extremities. Which actions would be most appropriate to help reduce friction resulting from this paralysis? Select all that apply. A) Place a folded diaper in between the legs. B) Place a pad beneath the diaper area and change frequently. C) Place the child on a special care mattress. D) Place synthetic sheepskin under the infant's chest.

A) Place a folded diaper in between the legs. C) Place the child on a special care mattress. D) Place synthetic sheepskin under the infant's chest.

A nurse is preparing a plan of care for an infant who has undergone surgery to repair a myelomeningocele. The nurse would include placing the infant in which positions postoperatively? Select all that apply. A) Prone B) Right side lying C) Left side lying D) Semi-Fowler E) Supine

A) Prone B) Right side lying C) Left side lying

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old boy with cerebral palsy (CP). The medical record indicates "hypertonicity and permanent contractures affecting both extremities on one side." Based on these findings, the nurse identifies this type of CP as: A) spastic B) athetoid or dyskinetic C) ataxic D) mixed

A) spastic

The mother of a 3-year-old with a myelomeningocele is thinking about having another baby. The nurse should inform the woman that she should increase her intake of which acid? A) Folic acid to 0.4 mg/day B) Folic acid above 0.4 mg/day C) Ascorbic acid to 0.4 mg/day D) Ascorbic acid to 4 mg/day

B) Folic acid above 0.4 mg/day

Which condition would alert the nurse that a child may be suffering from muscular dystrophy? A) Hypertonia of extremities B) Increased lumbar lordosis C) Upper extremity spasticity D) Hyperactive lower extremity reflexes

B) Increased lumbar lordosis An increased lumbar lordosis would be seen in a child suffering from muscular dystrophy secondary to paralysis of lower lumbar postural muscles. Increased lower extremity support may also be seen.

Which statement about chromosomal abnormalities is true? A) Chromosomal abnormalities follow patterns of inheritance. B) Most chromosomal abnormalities occur as the result of an error with the egg or the sperm. C) Chromosomal abnormalities occur in 10% of live births. D) A chromosomal abnormality affects every cell.

B) Most chromosomal abnormalities occur as the result of an error with the egg or the sperm.

The nurse caring for a client with suspected muscular dystrophy would prepare her client for which diagnostic test? A) X-ray B) Muscle biopsy C) EEG D) Assessment of ambulation

B) Muscle biopsy

Which condition is a part of normal newborn screening? A) Down syndrome B) Phenylketonuria C) Sickle cell anemia D) Cystic fibrosis

B) Phenylketonuria

The nurse is providing presurgical care for a newborn with myelomeningocele. Which action is the central nursing priority? A) Maintain infant's body temperature B) Prevent rupture or leaking of cerebrospinal fluid C) Maintain infant in prone position D) Keep lesion free from fecal matter or urine

B) Prevent rupture or leaking of cerebrospinal fluid

What type of infection is Measles? A) Bacterial B) Viral

B. Viral

The nurse is caring for a near-term pregnant woman who has not taken prenatal vitamins or folic acid supplements. Which congenital defect is most likely to occur based on the mother's prenatal history? A) Neonatal conjunctivitis B) Facial deformities C) A neural tube defect D) Incomplete myelinization

C) A neural tube defect

At a well-child visit, hydrocephalus may be suspected in an infant if upon assessment the nurse finds A) Narrow sutures B) Sunken fontanels C) A rapid increase in head circumference D) Increase in weight since last visit

C) A rapid increase in head circumference

The nurse is caring for a child after a cardiac catheterization. What is the nursing priority? A) Allow early ambulation to encourage activity participation. B) Check pulses above the catheter insertion site for strength and quality. C) Assess extremity distal to the insertion site for temperature and color. D) Change the dressing to evaluate the site for infection.

C) Assess extremity distal to the insertion site for temperature and color.

Why will it be necessary for the nurse to be very supportive of parents' attempts to feed the infant with recently repaired myelomeningocele? A) The infant will have a poor sucking reflex. B) Pain will interfere with the feeding process. C) Assuming the usual feeding position will be difficult. D) Nausea and vomiting often follow repair of the cystic mass.

C) Assuming the usual feeding position will be difficult.

A teenager has been admitted to the hospital with respiratory complications related to Duchenne muscular dystrophy. How can the nurse best provide support for the parents, who are the caretakers of this adolescent? A) Provide accommodations for both parents to room-in with their teen B) Encourage the parents to assist their child with his activities of daily living while hospitalized C) Teach the parents how to add chest physical therapy to the care they provide D) Assume responsibility for the teen's daily care while accepting input from parents and the teen

D) Assume responsibility for the teen's daily care while accepting input from parents and the teen The parents have probably been caring daily for their son for longer than 10 years while his condition has deteriorated and his care has become more complex. They may use this hospitalization as an opportunity to be relieved briefly of some of this responsibility (respite).

A client with muscular dystrophy has lost complete control of his lower extremities. He has some strength bilaterally in the upper extremities, but poor trunk control. Which mechanism would be the most important to have on the wheelchair? A) Anti-tip device B) Extended breaks C) Headrest support D) Wheelchair belt

D) Wheelchair belt

True or False The hypotonic infant will feel rigid and display an extended trunk and legs.

False - They will be Floppy - Hypertonic infants will be rigid

True or False Spina bifida occulta often goes undetected.

True

True or False Neural tube defects account for the majority of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system.

True It is the most common thing that happens congenitally

1.The newborn infant with myelomeningocele is at increased risk for acquiring meningitis, ________________, and hemorrhage.

hypoxia

1.Cerebral palsy is a disorder caused by abnormal development of, or damage to, the _______________ areas of the brain.

motor

Name a complication associated with measles: A) Conjunctivitis B) Severe Headache C) Hypothermia D) Neuropathy

A) Conjunctivitis

A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has been diagnosed with spina bifida. Which statement by the nurse would be the most accurate description of spina bifida? A) "It has little influence on the intellectual and perceptual abilities of the child." B) "It's a simple neurologic defect that's completely corrected surgically within 1 to 2 days after birth." C) "Its presence indicates that many areas of the central nervous system (CNS) may not develop or function adequately." D) "It's a complex neurologic disability that involves a collaborative health team effort for the entire first year of life."

C) "Its presence indicates that many areas of the central nervous system (CNS) may not develop or function adequately."

A nurse is caring for a 13-year-old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. He says he feels isolated and that there is no one who understands the challenges of his disease. How should the nurse respond? A) "You need to remain as active as possible and have a positive attitude." B) "There are many things that you can do like crafts, computers or art." C) "There are a lot of kids with the same type of muscular dystrophy you have at the MDA support group." D) "You have to go to a support group; it will be very helpful."

C) "There are a lot of kids with the same type of muscular dystrophy you have at the MDA support group."

wWhich of the following most accurately describes bowel function in children born with a myelomeningocele? A) Incontinence cannot be prevented. B) Enemas and laxatives are contraindicated. C) Some degree of fecal continence can usually be achieved. D) Colostomy is usually required by the time the child reaches adolescence.

C) Some degree of fecal continence can usually be achieved.

Based on knowledge of the progression of muscular dystrophy, which activity would a nurse anticipate the client having difficulty with first? A) Breathing B) Sitting C) Standing D) Swallowing

C) Standing

Other than providing direct care to children, what is the major role of nurses in the care of nearly all children with neuromuscular disorders? A) Consoling parents B) Teaching children self-care C) Helping with specialized equipment D) Coordinating care by specialists

D) Coordinating care by specialists

Which characteristic is true of cerebral palsy? A) It's reversible. B) It's progressive. C) It results in intellectual disability. D) It appears at birth or during the first 2 years of life.

D) It appears at birth or during the first 2 years of life.

Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse prepare for the infant who is placed prone to protect the myelomeningocele repair site? A) Peripheral neurovascular dysfunction B) Disorganized infant behavior C) Risk for activity intolerance D) Risk for impaired skin integrity

D) Risk for impaired skin integrity

What are common characteristics of Down Syndrome (select all that apply): A) Almond Shaped eyes B) Long Limbs C) Tongue that tends to stick out D) Poor muscle tone or loose joints E) Large hands and feet

A) Almond Shaped eyes C) Tongue that tends to stick out D) Poor muscle tone or loose joints

Which statement by the parent of a 12-month-old child diagnosed with Down syndrome shows the need for further education? A) "Thyroid testing is needed every year." B) "I will need to delay any further immunizations." C) "In a couple of years, my child will need an x-ray of the neck." D) "I will watch closely for development of respiratory infection."

B) "I will need to delay any further immunizations."

The nurse is taking the history of a 4-year-old boy. His mother mentions that he seems weaker and unable to keep up with his 6-year-old sister on the playground. Which question should the nurse ask to elicit the most helpful information? A) "Has he achieved his developmental milestones on time?" B) "Would you please describe the weakness you are seeing in your son?" C) "Do you think he is simply fatigued?" D) "Has his pace of achieving milestones diminished?"

B) "Would you please describe the weakness you are seeing in your son?"

Which diagnostic measure is most accurate in detecting neural tube defects? A) Flat plate of the lower abdomen after the 23rd week of gestation B) Significant level of alpha-fetoprotein present in amniotic fluid C) Amniocentesis for lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio D) Presence of high maternal levels of albumin after 12th week of gestation

D) Presence of high maternal levels of albumin after 12th week of gestation

Parents have just given birth to a child diagnosed with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). The couple are parents of 3 other children under the age of 8 years old with no genetic disorders. What would be a priority nursing diagnosis at this time? A) Deficient knowledge regarding trisomy 21 B) Decisional conflict C) Interrupted family processes D) Risk for delayed growth and development

A) Deficient knowledge regarding trisomy 21

The nurse is obtaining a health history on a woman of child-bearing age who wants to become pregnant. What information in her health history places her at high risk for having a child with a myelomeningocele? A) History of asthma taking montelukast B) History of a seizure disorder and taking phenobarbital C) History of a previous abdominal surgery D) History of scoliosis

B) History of a seizure disorder and taking phenobarbital

What is the main purpose of nurses having basic genetic knowledge? A) To advocate for a cure for genetic disorders B) To provide support and education to families C) To ensure proper medical diagnosis D) To understand all genetic disorders, allowing for improved quality of life

B) To provide support and education to families

What is the hallmark symptom of Measles? A) Tachycardia B) Paralysis C) Rash D) Vomiting

C) Rash

The nurse is planning to teach the parents of a child with newly diagnosed muscular dystrophy about the disease. Which definition should she use to best describe this condition? A) A demyelinating disease B) Lesions of the brain cortex C) Upper motor neuron lesions D) Degeneration of muscle fibers

D) Degeneration of muscle fibers

While assessing a 4-month-old infant, the nurse notes that the baby experiences a hypercyanotic spell. What is the priority nursing action? A) Provide supplemental oxygen by face mask. B) Administer a dose of IV morphine sulfate. C) Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. D) Place the infant in a knee-to-chest position.

D) Place the infant in a knee-to-chest position.

The nurse is caring for a child recently fitted with braces on both legs due to cerebral palsy (CP). What would the nurse emphasize in the discharge teaching? A) "Check the skin that is covered by the braces for redness and breakdown." B) "It is very important to comply with the use of this brace." C) "Please try and follow the therapist's on and off schedule." D) "If the brace is painful, feel free to take it off."

A) "Check the skin that is covered by the braces for redness and breakdown."

The parents of a infant born with an abnormality on the back are told by the neonatologist that their child has a myelomeningeocele. They ask the nurse what exactly that means. Which would be the nurse's best reply? A) "It is a herniation through the skin of the back of your child with both the spinal cord and nerve roots involved." B) "The contents of the sac you see only has fluid in it and should cause the child no problem." C) "Your child's defect involves only the nerves to the bladder and bowel and can be easily repaired." D) "The sac is a very small cyst and should resolve within the first year of life."

A) "It is a herniation through the skin of the back of your child with both the spinal cord and nerve roots involved."

Which laboratory or diagnostic test would the nurse anticipate to rule out complications related to Down syndrome? A) Echocardiogram B) Chorionic villi sampling C) Chromosomal analysis D) Ultrasound-guided amniocentesis

A) Echocardiogram

The nurse is caring for a child with cerebral palsy who requires a wheelchair to attain mobility. Which intervention would help the child achieve a sense of normality? A) Encourage follow-through with physical therapy exercises. B) Restrict the child to a special needs classroom. C) Encourage after-school activities within the limits of the child's abilities. D) Ensure the school is aware of the child's capabilities.

C) Encourage after-school activities within the limits of the child's abilities.

A 7-year-old child with cerebral palsy has been admitted to the hospital. Which information is most important for the nurse to obtain in the history? A) Age that the child learned to walk B) Parents' expectations of the child's development C) Functional status related to eating and mobility D) Birth history to identify cause of cerebral palsy

C) Functional status related to eating and mobility

The child diagnosed with muscular dystrophy often exhibits a forward curvature of the lumbar spine. What is this spinal condition called? A) Kyphosis B) Scoliosis C) Lordosis D) Synovitis

C) Lordosis

What will be the nurse's next action after noting dimpling and a tuft of hair located in the lumbosacral area of the preschool child during examination? A) Snip the tuft of hair off close to the skin for hygienic reasons B) Move on to other assessments without calling attention to the difference C) Record and refer the finding for follow-up to the pediatrician D) Inspect for precocious hair growth in the genital and underarm areas

C) Record and refer the finding for follow-up to the pediatrician

What finding is consistent with increased ICP in the child? A) Emotional lability B) Increased appetite C) Narcolepsy D) Bulging fontanelle

D) Bulging fontanelle

Down syndrome may be diagnosed via a(n): A) Amniocentesis B) Ultrasound C) Blood test D) Chromosomal karyotype E) All of the answers are correct

D) Chromosomal karyotype

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy with myelomeningocele. The nurse is teaching the mother how to promote appropriate bowel elimination and avoid constipation. Which response from the mother indicates a need for further teaching? A) "My son's activity is too limited to stimulate his bowels." B) "I need to figure out his usual pattern for passing stool." C) "I can palpate his abdomen to assess for constipation" D) "He must have an adequate amount of fluid."

A) "My son's activity is too limited to stimulate his bowels." The nurse needs to point out to the mother that even minimal activity increases peristalsis.

The nurse is educating parents of a male infant with Chiari type II malformation. Which statement about their child's condition is most accurate? A) "Take your time feeding your baby." B) "Lay him down after feeding." C) "You'll see a big difference after the surgery." D) "You won't need to change diapers often."

A) "Take your time feeding your baby."

The nurse is providing education to the parents of a 3-year-old girl with hydrocephalus who has just had an external ventricular drainage system placed. Which question is best to begin the teaching session? A) "What questions or concerns do you have about this device?" B) "Do you understand why you clamp the drain before she sits up?" C) "What do you know about her autoregulation mechanism failing?" D) "Why do you always keep her head raised 30 degrees?"

A) "What questions or concerns do you have about this device?"

The nurse is describing some of the developmental milestones the mother of a 3-month-old boy with Down syndrome can expect to see in her child. Which statement describes the milestones that are expected in a child with Down syndrome? A) "You can expect him to eat with his hands by age 12 months." B) "He will be speaking in sentences at 21 months of age." C) "Bladder training can be expected by 2.5 to 3 years of age." D) "He'll be crawling all over the house by 9 months of age."

A) "You can expect him to eat with his hands by age 12 months."

After teaching a group of students about medications commonly used for neuromuscular disorders, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which agent as a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant? A) Baclofen B) Prednisone C) Lorazepam D) Botulin toxin

A) Baclofen

Upon assessment, the nurse notices that the infant's ears are low-set. What is the priority action by the nurse? A) Continue to assess the infant to look for other abnormalities B) Inform the parents that low-set ears are a sign of Down syndrome C) Place the infant on a cardiac monitor D) Give a vitamin B12 injection to combat the metabolic disorder

A) Continue to assess the infant to look for other abnormalities

During the physical assessment of a 2½-month-old infant, the nurse suspects the child may have hydrocephalus. Which sign or symptom was observed? A) Dramatic increase in head circumference B) Pupil of one eye dilated and reactive C) Vertical nystagmus D) Posterior fontanel is closed

A) Dramatic increase in head circumference

The nurse is caring for a 1-year-old boy with Down syndrome. Which intervention would the nurse be least likely to include in the child's plan of care? A) Educating parents about how to deal with seizures B) Explaining developmental milestones to parents C) Promoting annual vision and hearing tests D) Describing the importance of a high-fiber diet

A) Educating parents about how to deal with seizures

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 10-year-old boy with a suspected neuromuscular disorder. Which finding is a sign of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? A) Gowers sign B) Appearance of smaller than normal calf muscles C) Indications of hydrocephalus D) Lordosis

A) Gowers sign

The nurse is assessing a 7-year-old girl with Down syndrome. Which would the nurse be least likely to assess? A) Inspection finds the nasal passages clear and open. B) The child is significantly underweight. C) Palpation indicates that the child may be constipated. D) Auscultation reveals a definite heart murmur.

A) Inspection finds the nasal passages clear and open.

A nurse is describing the underlying cause of trisomy 21 to a group of parents, integrating knowledge that the disorder is due to: A) Nondisjunction. B) Deletion. C) Duplication. D) Translocation.

A) Nondisjunction.

wWhich of the following is an important nursing intervention when caring for a child with myelomeningocele in the preoperative stage? A) Place the child on side or prone to decrease the pressure on the spinal cord. B) Apply a heat lamp to facilitate drying and toughening of the sac. C) Keep skin clean and dry to prevent irritation from diarrheal stools. D) Measure head circumference and examine fontanels.

A) Place the child on side or prone to decrease the pressure on the spinal cord.

A 6-year-old boy with Down syndrome is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. Which pieces of information should the nurse seek when obtaining the health history (Select all that apply): A) Presence of cardiac defects or disease B) Last hearing and vision evaluation C) Mother's pregnancy history D) Presence of thyroid disease E) Mother's immunization history

A) Presence of cardiac defects or disease B) Last hearing and vision evaluation D) Presence of thyroid disease

A nurse working as a member of a genetic counseling team carefully assesses which body areas in a newborn to gain important indications for structural genetic disorders? A) Space between the eyes, the shape of the ears, and the numbers of fingers and toes B) Length, weight, and head circumference C) Presence or absence of primitive reflexes D) Eye color, skin color, and parent's race

A) Space between the eyes, the shape of the ears, and the numbers of fingers and toes

A couple who are pregnant with their first child have made an appointment with a clinical geneticist to discuss prenatal screening. The man states that they, "just want to make sure that there is nothing wrong with our baby." How could the clinician best respond to this statement? A) "We can't rule out all abnormalities, but a routine fetal tissue biopsy can yield useful information." B) "Testing the umbilical blood and performing amniocentesis can give us some information, but not a guarantee." C) "Prenatal screening is not usually necessary unless you are among a high-risk group." D) "You need to be aware that if abnormalities are detected, termination is normally required."

B) "Testing the umbilical blood and performing amniocentesis can give us some information, but not a guarantee."

A nurse who is discussing Duchenne muscular dystrophy characterizes it correctly using which descriptors? A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive disease of muscles and nerves that affects males and females equally. B) Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes progressive muscular weakness that ends in death. C) Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a nonprogressive disorder that severely affects muscle function through spinal cord atrophy. D) Duchenne muscular dystrophy is diagnosed in boys who develop gait changes during the late school-age years.

B) Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes progressive muscular weakness that ends in death.

A boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is admitted to the pediatric unit. He has an ineffective cough. Lung auscultation reveals diminished breath sounds. What is the priority nursing intervention? A) Apply supplemental oxygen. B) Notify the respiratory therapist. C) Monitor pulse oximetry. D) Position for adequate airway clearance.

D) Position for adequate airway clearance.

1.Treatment modalities to promote mobility include ___________________, pharmacologic management, and surgery.

physiotherapy