PEDs Final Exam

A group of students are reviewing information about the skeletal development in children. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify that ossification is complete by what age? a. Preschool age b. Adolescence c. Toddlerhood d. School age

ANS: b. Adolescence Rationale: Ossification and conversion of cartilage to bone continue throughout childhood and are complete at adolescence.

A child with cerebral palsy is referred for physical therapy. When describing the rationale for this therapy, the nurse would emphasize what as the primary goal? a. Development of fine motor skills b. Enhance feeding capabilities c. Development of gross motor movement d. Promote optimal self-care ability

ANS: c. Development of gross motor movement Rationale: Physical therapy focuses on assisting in the development of gross motor movements such as walking and positioning and helps the child develop independent movement. Occupational therapy assists in the development of fine motor skills and fashioning orthotics and splints. Occupational therapy assists the child in performing optimal self-care ability by working on skills such as activities of daily living. Speech therapy assists with feeding techniques for the child who has swallowing problems.

The nurse is caring for a child recently fitted with braces on both legs due to cerebral palsy (CP). What would the nurse emphasize in the discharge teaching? a. "Please try and follow the therapist on and off schedule." b. "It is very important to comply with the use of this brace." c. "If the brace is painful, feel free to take it off." d. "Check the skin that is covered by the braces for redness and breakdown."

ANS: d. "Check the skin that is covered by the braces for redness and breakdown." Rationale: Assessing skin integrity should be the priority, as braces can lead to pressure ulcers and infection. Compliance is important, but attention to skin care is the priority teaching. Following the schedule is important for compliance, but skin integrity is the priority. Advising the parents to remove the brace if it is painful is inaccurate; the child may require pain management or further consultation with the physical therapist.

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child in traction. The child is experiencing muscle spasms associated with the traction. What would the nurse expect to administer if ordered? a. Alendronate b. Pamidronate c. Narcotic analgesics d. Diazepam

ANS: d. Diazepam Rationale: Diazepam is an antianxiety drug that also has the effect of skeletal muscle relaxation; it is used for the treatment of muscle spasm associated with traction or casting. Narcotic analgesics are used for pain relief. Alendronate increases bone mineral density for children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Pamidronate increases bone mineral density for children with osteogenesis imperfecta.

What drug is considered a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant?

Baclofen

A fracture closer to the growth plate heals much slower than one in the metaphysis. True or False?

False The closer a fracture is to the growth plate, the more quickly the fracture heals

A child's bones heal more quickly than those of an adult. True or False?

True Bone healing occurs in the same fashion as in the adult, but it occurs more quickly in children because of the rich nutrient supply to the periosteum.

Lorazepam

is a benzodiazepine used for adjunctive relief of skeletal muscle spasm associated with cerebral palsy.

Baclofen

is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant used to treat painful spasms and decrease spasticity in children with motor neuron lesions

Prednisone

is a corticosteroid that is used to help slow the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Botulin toxin

is a neurotoxin used to relieve spasticity in cerebral palsy.