Peds Practice Questions-Ch 25, 26, 27, 28, 29-#1

The nurse is teaching parents interventions appropriate to the emotional development of their toddlers. What is a recommended intervention for this age group? A) Remove children's security blankets at this stage to help them assert their autonomy. B) Distract toddlers from exploring their own body parts, particularly their genitals. C) Do not blame toddlers for aggressive behavior; instead, point out the results of their behavior. D) Offer toddlers many choices to foster control over their environment.

C) Do not blame toddlers for aggressive behavior; instead, point out the results of their behavior.

The nurse is assessing the motor skills of a 5-year-old girl. Which finding would cause the nurse to be concerned? A) Can copy a square on another piece of paper B) Can dress and undress herself without help C) Draws a person with three body parts D) Is beginning to tie her own shoelaces

C) Draws a person with three body parts

The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old boy's development during a well-child visit. Which response by the child indicates the need for further assessment? A) He says a swear word when he hurts himself playing. B) He says "pew" when his sister has soiled her diaper. C) He laughs when his brother cries getting vaccinated. D) He constantly asks "why?" whenever he is told a fact.

C) He laughs when his brother cries getting vaccinated.

The nurse is performing a health assessment of a 3-month-old African-American boy. For what condition should this infant be monitored based on his race? A) Jaundice B) Iron deficiency C) Lactose intolerance D) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

C) Lactose intolerance

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother to help promote healthy sleep for her 3-week-old baby. Which recommended guideline might be included in the teaching plan? A) Place the baby on a soft mattress with a firm, flat pillow for the head. B) Place the head of the bed near the window to provide fresh air, weather permitting. C) Place the baby on his or her back when sleeping. D) If the baby sleeps through the night, wake him or her up for the night feeding.

C) Place the baby on his or her back when sleeping.

The pediatric nurse is planning quiet activities for a hospitalized 18-month-old. What would be an appropriate activity for a child of this age group? A) Painting by number B) Putting shapes into appropriate holes C) Stacking blocks D) Using crayons to color in a coloring book

C) Stacking blocks

The nurse is providing guidance after observing a mother interact with her negative 2-year-old boy. For which interaction will the nurse advise the mother that she is handling the negativism properly? A) Telling the child to stop tearing pages from magazines B) Asking the child if he would please quit throwing toys C) Telling the child firmly that we don't scream in the office D) Saying, "Please come over here and sit in this chair. OK?"

C) Telling the child firmly that we don't scream in the office

The nurse is examining a 10-month-old boy who was born 10 weeks early. Which finding is cause for concern? A) The child has doubled his birth weight. B) The child exhibits plantar grasp reflex. C) The child's head circumference is 49.53 cm. D) No primary teeth have erupted yet.

C) The child's head circumference is 49.53 cm.

The nurse is testing the sensory development of a toddler brought to the clinic for a well visit. What might alert the nurse to a potential problem with the child's sensory development? A) The toddler places the nurse's stethoscope in his mouth. B) The toddler's vision tests at 20/50 in both eyes. C) The toddler does not respond to commands whispered in his ear. D) The toddler's taste discrimination is not at adult levels yet.

C) The toddler does not respond to commands whispered in his ear.

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 3-year-old girl. What finding would be a concern for the nurse? A) The toddler gained 4 lb in weight since last year. B) The toddler gained 3 in in height since last year. C) The toddler's anterior fontanel is not fully closed. D) The circumference of the child's head increased 1 in since last year.

C) The toddler's anterior fontanel is not fully closed.

The parents of a preschooler express concern to the nurse about their son's new habit of masturbating. What is an appropriate response to this concern? A) Tell the child in a firm manner that this behavior is not acceptable. B) When the child displays this behavior, place him in a "time-out." C) Treat the action in a matter-of-fact manner emphasizing safety. D) Consult a psychotherapist to determine the reason for this behavior.

C) Treat the action in a matter-of-fact manner emphasizing safety.

A mother is concerned about her infant's spitting up. Which suggestion would be most appropriate? A) "Put the infant in an infant seat after eating." B) "Limit burping to once during a feeding." C) "Feed the same amount but space out the feedings." D) "Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterward."

D) "Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterward."

The nurse is providing teaching about car safety to the parents of a 5-year-old girl who weighs 45 lb. What should the nurse instruct the parents to do? A) "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the front seat." B) "Place her in the back seat with the lap and shoulder belts in place." C) "Place her in a forward-facing car seat with a harness and top tether." D) "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat."

D) "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat."

The mother of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that her son occasionally wets his pants during the day. How should the nurse respond? A) "Is there a family history of diabetes?" B) "Suddenly having accidents can be a sign of diabetes." C) "That's normal; don't worry about it." D) "Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs."

D) "Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs."

The neonatal nurse assesses newborns for iron deficiency anemia. Which newborn is at highest risk for this disorder? A) A postterm newborn B) A term newborn with jaundice C) A newborn born to a diabetic mother D) A premature newborn

D) A premature newborn

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for toddler safety to present at a parenting seminar. Which safety intervention should the nurse address? A) Encourage parents to enroll toddlers in swimming classes to avoid the need for constant supervision around water. B) Advise parents to keep pot handles on stoves turned outward to avoid accidental burns. C) Encourage parents to smoke only in designated rooms in the house or outside the house. D) Advise parents to use a forward-facing car seat with harness straps and a clip, placed in the back seat of the car.

D) Advise parents to use a forward-facing car seat with harness straps and a clip, placed in the back seat of the car.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of an 18-month-old girl. Which guidance will be most helpful for toilet teaching? A) Telling them either one may demonstrate toilet use B) Assuring them that bladder control occurs first C) Telling them that curiosity is a sure sign of readiness D) Advising them to use praise, not scolding

D) Advising them to use praise, not scolding

Which activity would the nurse least likely include as exemplifying the preconceptual phase of Piaget's preoperational stage? A) Displays of animism B) Use of active imaginations C) Understanding of opposites D) Beginning questioning of parents' values

D) Beginning questioning of parents' values

The nurse is promoting a healthy diet to guide a mother when feeding her 2-week-old girl. Which is the most effective anticipatory guidance? A) Substituting cow's milk if breast milk is not available B) Advocating iron supplements with bottle-feeding C) Advising fluid intake per feeding of 5 or 6 ounces D) Discouraging the addition of fruit juice to the diet

D) Discouraging the addition of fruit juice to the diet

A 6-month-old girl weighs 14.7 lb during a scheduled check-up. Her birth weight was 8 lb. What is the priority nursing intervention? A) Talking about solid food consumption B) Discouraging daily fruit juice intake C) Increasing the number of breastfeedings D) Discussing the child's feeding patterns

D) Discussing the child's feeding patterns

The nurse is providing discharge teaching regarding formula preparation for a new mother. Which guideline would the nurse include in the teaching plan? A) Always wash bottles and nipples in hot soapy water and rinse well; do not wash them in the dishwasher. B) Store tightly covered ready-to-feed formula can after opening in refrigerator for up to 24 hours. C) Warm bottle of formula by placing bottle in a container of hot water, or microwaving formula. D) Do not add cereal to the formula in the bottle or sweeten the formula with honey.

D) Do not add cereal to the formula in the bottle or sweeten the formula with honey.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old girl how to deal with common toddler situations. Which is the best advice? A) Discipline the child for regressive behavior. B) Scold the child for public thumb sucking. C) Tell the older sibling to not act like a baby. D) Have the child help clean up a bowel accident.

D) Have the child help clean up a bowel accident.

The nurse is caring for a toddler who is in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. Which task would the nurse expect the toddler to be able to perform? A) Completing puzzles with four pieces B) Winding up a mechanical toy C) Playing make-believe with dolls D) Knowing which are his or her toys

D) Knowing which are his or her toys

The nurse is designing a nursing care plan for a toddler with lymphoma, who is hospitalized for treatment. What is a priority intervention that the nurse should include in this child's nursing plan? A) Limiting visitors to scheduled visiting hours B) Planning physical therapy for the child C) Introducing the toddler to other toddlers in the unit D) Monitoring the toddler for developmental delays

D) Monitoring the toddler for developmental delays

The nurse is choosing foods for a toddler's diet that are high in vitamin A. What foods could be added to the menu? Select all that apply. A) Applesauce B) Avocados C) Broccoli D) Sweet potatoes E) Spinach F) Carrots

D) Sweet potatoes E) Spinach F) Carrots

The nurse is performing a cognitive assessment of a 2-year-old. Which behavior would alert the nurse to a developmental delay in this area? A) The child cannot say name, age, and gender. B) The child cannot follow a series of two independent commands. C) The child has a vocabulary of 40 to 50 words. D) The child does not point to named body parts.

D) The child does not point to named body parts.

The nurse is developing a nursing care plan for a hospitalized 6-year-old. Which behavior would warrant nursing intervention? A) The child pretends he is talking to an imaginary friend when the nurse addresses the child. B) The child states that her fairy godmother is going to come and take her home. C) The child starts talking about his grandmother and then quickly changes the subject to a new toy he received. D) The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward.

D) The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward.

The nurse of a preschool child is helping parents develop a healthy meal plan for their child. What nutritional requirements for this age group should the nurse consider? A) The 3- to 5-year-old requires 300 to 500 mg calcium and 10 mg iron daily. B) The 3-year-old should consume 10 mg dietary fiber daily. C) The 4- to 8-year-old requires 15 mg dietary fiber per day. D) The typical preschooler requires about 85 kcal/kg of body weight.

D) The typical preschooler requires about 85 kcal/kg of body weight.

The nurse emphasizes that a toddler younger than the age of 18 months should never be spanked primarily for which reason? A) Spanking in a child this age predisposes the child to a pro-violence attitude. B) The child will become resentful and angry, leading to more outbursts. C) Spanking demonstrates a poor model for problem-solving skills. D) There is an increased risk for physical injury in this age group.

D) There is an increased risk for physical injury in this age group.

31. The nurse is assessing the developmental milestones of an infant. The infant was born 8 weeks ago and was 4 weeks premature. The nurse anticipates that the infant will be meeting milestones for what age of child? Record your answer in weeks.

4

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the mother of a 9-month-old girl during a well-baby visit. Which topic would be most appropriate? A) Advising how to create a toddler-safe home B) Warning about small objects left on the floor C) Cautioning about putting the baby in a walker D) Telling about safety procedures during baths

A) Advising how to create a toddler-safe home

The nurse is conducting a well-child assessment for a 5-year-old boy in preparation for kindergarten. The boy's grandmother is his primary caregiver because the boy's mother has suffered from depression and substance abuse issues. The nurse understands that the child is at increased risk for which developmental problem? A) Lack of social and emotional readiness for school B) Stuttering C) Speech and language delays D) Fine motor skills delay

A) Lack of social and emotional readiness for school

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl posttonsillectomy. The girl looks out the window and tells the nurse that it is raining and says, "The sky is crying because it is sad that my throat hurts." The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating which mental process? A) Magical thinking B) Centration C) Transduction D) Animism

A) Magical thinking

The nurse in a community clinic is caring for a 6-month-old boy and his mother. Which intervention is priority to promote adequate growth? A) Monitoring the child's weight and height B) Encouraging a more frequent feeding schedule C) Assessing the child's current feeding pattern D) Recommending higher-calorie solid foods

A) Monitoring the child's weight and height

The nurse is describing the maturation of various organ systems during toddlerhood to the parents. What would the nurse correctly include in this description? A) Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months. B) Alveoli reach adult numbers by 3 years of age. C) Urine output in a toddler typically averages approximately 30 mL/hour. D) Toddlers typically have strong abdominal muscles by the age of 2.

A) Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother of a 5-month-old boy about introducing solid foods. Which statement by the mother indicates that effective teaching has occurred? A) "I'll start with baby oatmeal cereal mixed with low-fat milk." B) "The cereal should be a fairly thin consistency at first." C) "I can puree the meat that we are eating to give to my baby." D) "Once he gets used to the cereal, then we'll try giving him a cup."

B) "The cereal should be a fairly thin consistency at first."

The parents of a 4-year-old ask the nurse when their child will be able to differentiate right from wrong and develop morals. What would be the best response of the nurse? A) "The preschooler has no sense of right and wrong." B) "The preschooler is developing a conscience." C) "The preschooler sees morality as internal to self." D) "The preschooler's morals are his or her own, right or wrong."

B) "The preschooler is developing a conscience."

A new mother shows the nurse that her baby grasps her finger when she touches the baby's palm. How might the nurse respond to this information? A) "This is a primitive reflex known as the plantar grasp." B) "This is a primitive reflex known as the palmar grasp." C) "This is a protective reflex known as rooting." D) "This is a protective reflex known as the Moro reflex."

B) "This is a primitive reflex known as the palmar grasp."

The mother of a 5-year-old boy calls the nurse and seeks advice on how to assist the child with the recent death of his paternal grandfather. The boy keeps asking when his grandpa is coming back. How should the nurse respond? A) "It is best to just ignore this and to not respond to his questions." B) "This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death." C) "You have to keep repeating that his grandfather is never coming back." D) "He will eventually figure this out on his own."

B) "This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death."

The nurse is educating a first-time mother who has a 1-week-old boy. Which is the most accurate anticipatory guidance? A) Describing the effect of neonatal teeth on breastfeeding B) Explaining that the stomach holds less than 1 ounce C) Informing that fontanels will close by 6 months D) Telling that the step reflex persists until the child walks

B) Explaining that the stomach holds less than 1 ounce

The nurse is talking with a chatty 7-year-old girl during her regular check-up. Which behaviors would the child also be expected to exhibit? A) Showing no interest in what the nurse sees in her ears B) Explaining what is right and what is wrong C) Demonstrating independence from her mother D) Showing no concern when the nurse hurts her own finger

B) Explaining what is right and what is wrong

The nurse is teaching a new mother about the development of sensory skills in her newborn. What would alert the mother to a sensory deficit in her child? A) The newborn's eyes wander and occasionally are crossed. B) The newborn does not respond to a loud noise. C) The newborn's eyes focus on near objects. D) The newborn becomes more alert with stroking when drowsy.

B) The newborn does not respond to a loud noise.

The nurse is assessing a 12-month-old boy with an English-speaking father and a Spanish-speaking mother. The boy does not say mama or dada yet. What is the priority intervention? A) Performing a developmental evaluation of the child B) Encouraging the parents to speak English to the child C) Asking the mother if the child uses Spanish words D) Referring the child to a developmental specialist

C) Asking the mother if the child uses Spanish words

The nurse is teaching a new mother the proper techniques for breastfeeding her newborn. Which is a recommended guideline that should be implemented? A) Wash the hands and breasts thoroughly prior to breastfeeding. B) Stroke the nipple against the baby's chin to stimulate wide opening of the baby's mouth. C) Bring the baby's wide-open mouth to the breast to form a seal around all of the nipple and areola. D) When finished, the mother can break the suction by firmly pulling the baby's mouth away from the nipple.

C) Bring the baby's wide-open mouth to the breast to form a seal around all of the nipple and areola.

What activity would the nurse expect to find in an 18-month-old? A) Standing on tiptoes B) Pedaling a tricycle C) Climbing stairs with assistance D) Carrying a large toy while walking

C) Climbing stairs with assistance

The nurse is interviewing a 3-year-old girl who tells the nurse: "Want go potty." The parents tell the nurse that their daughter often speaks in this type of broken speech. What would be the nurse's appropriate response to this concern? A) "This is a normal, common speech pattern in the 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech." B) "This is considered a developmental delay in the 3-year-old and we should consult a speech therapist." C) "This is a condition known as echolalia and can be corrected if you work with your daughter on language skills." D) "This is a condition known as stuttering and it is a normal pattern of speech development in the toddler."

A) "This is a normal, common speech pattern in the 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech."

A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse's best response to this observation? A) "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry." B) "This is normal behavior for infants due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system." C) "This indicates a blockage in the intestine and must be reported to the health care provider." D) "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is black or green."

A) "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry."

The parent of a 6-month-old infant asks the nurse for advice about his son's thumb sucking. What would be the nurse's best response to this parent? A) "Thumb sucking is a healthy self-comforting activity." B) "Thumb sucking leads to the need for orthodontic braces." C) "Caregivers should pay special attention to the thumb sucking to stop it." D) "Thumb sucking should be replaced with the use of a pacifier."

A) "Thumb sucking is a healthy self-comforting activity."

After teaching a group of parents about language development in toddlers, what if stated by a member of the group indicates successful teaching? A) "When my 3-year-old asks 'why?' all the time, this is completely normal." B) "A 15-month-old should be able to point to his eyes when asked to do so." C) "At age 2 years, my son should be able to understand things like under or on." D) "An 18-month-old would most likely use words and gestures to communicate."

A) "When my 3-year-old asks 'why?' all the time, this is completely normal."

When providing anticipatory guidance to parents about their preschool son who was caught in a lie, what would the nurse emphasize? A) "You need to determine the reason for lying before punishing the child." B) "Lying should never be tolerated and the child should be punished." C) "The misbehavior is usually more serious than the lying itself." D) "It is okay to become angry when dealing with the child's lying."

A) "You need to determine the reason for lying before punishing the child."

The nurse is providing teaching about accidental poisoning to the family of a 3-year-old. The nurse understands that a child of this age is at increased risk of accidental ingestion due to which sensory alteration? A) A less discriminating sense of taste B) A lack of fully developed hearing C) Visual acuity that has not fully developed D) A less discriminating sense of touch

A) A less discriminating sense of taste

The school nurse providing school health screenings knows that the 7- to 11-year-old is in Piaget's stage of concrete operational thoughts. What should this age group accomplish when developing operations? Select all that apply. A) Ability to assimilate and coordinate information about the world from different dimensions B) Ability to see things from another person's point of view and think through an action C) Ability to use stored memories of past experiences to evaluate and interpret present situations D) Ability to think about a problem from all points of view, ranking the possible solutions while solving the problem E) Ability to think outside of the present and incorporate into thinking concepts that do exist as well as concepts that might exist F) Ability to understand the principle of conservation—that matter does not change when its form changes

A) Ability to assimilate and coordinate information about the world from different dimensions B) Ability to see things from another person's point of view and think through an action C) Ability to use stored memories of past experiences to evaluate and interpret present situations F) Ability to understand the principle of conservation—that matter does not change when its form changes

The nurse is assessing the infants in the nursery for the six stages of consciousness. The nurse becomes concerned when assessing which infants? Select all that apply. A) An infant rapidly moves from deep sleep to crying. B) An infant moves from active alert state to drowsiness. C) An infant progresses slowly from deep sleep to light sleep. D) An infant frequently skips the quiet alert state during the six stages of consciousness. E) An infant ends the stages of consciousness with crying.

A) An infant rapidly moves from deep sleep to crying. B) An infant moves from active alert state to drowsiness. D) An infant frequently skips the quiet alert state during the six stages of consciousness.

The nurse caring for newborns knows that infants exhibit phenomenal increases in their gross motor skills over the first 12 months of life. Which statements accurately describe the typical infant's achievement of these milestones? Select all that apply. A) At 1 month, the infant lifts and turns the head to the side in the prone position. B) At 2 months, the infant rolls from supine to prone to back again. C) At 6 months, the infant pulls to stand up. D) At 7 months, the infant sits alone with some use of hands for support. E) At 9 months, the infant crawls with the abdomen off the floor. F) At 12 months, the infant walks independently.

A) At 1 month, the infant lifts and turns the head to the side in the prone position. D) At 7 months, the infant sits alone with some use of hands for support. E) At 9 months, the infant crawls with the abdomen off the floor. F) At 12 months, the infant walks independently.

The nurse is performing an annual check-up for an 8-year-old child. Compared to the previous assessment of this child, which characteristic would most likely be observed? A) Breathing is diaphragmatic. B) Pulse rate is increased. C) Secondary sex characteristics are present. D) Blood pressure has reached adult level.

A) Breathing is diaphragmatic.

The nurse is teaching a new mother about the drastic growth and developmental changes her infant will experience in the first year of life. Which statement describes a developmental milestone occurring in infancy? A) By 6 months of age, the infant's brain weighs half that of the adult brain; at age 12 months, the brain weighs 2.5 times what it did at birth. B) Most infants triple their birth weight by 4 to 6 months of age and quadruple their birth weight by the time they are 1 year old. C) The head circumference increases rapidly during the first 6 months: the average increase is about 1 in per month. D) The heart triples in size over the first year of life; the average pulse rate decreases from 120 to 140 in the newborn to about 100 in the 1-year-old.

A) By 6 months of age, the infant's brain weighs half that of the adult brain; at age 12 months, the brain weighs 2.5 times what it did at birth.

The parents of a 4-year-old who is a picky eater ask the nurse what foods to include in their child's diet to provide adequate iron consumption. Which food would the nurse recommend? A) Cooked lentils B) Whole milk C) Oranges D) Sweet potatoes

A) Cooked lentils

The nurse is caring for preschoolers in a day care center. For this age group, of what developmental milestones should the nurse be aware? Select all that apply. A) Counting 10 or more objects B) Correctly naming at least four colors C) Understanding the concept of time D) Knowing everyday objects E) Understanding the differences of others F) Forming concepts as logical as an adult's

A) Counting 10 or more objects B) Correctly naming at least four colors C) Understanding the concept of time D) Knowing everyday objects

The nurse is caring for a 7-month-old girl during a well-child visit. Which intervention is most appropriate for this child? A) Discussing the type of sippy cup to use B) Advising about increased caloric needs C) Explaining how to prepare table meats D) Describing the tongue extrusion reflex

A) Discussing the type of sippy cup to use

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturation of the child's organs during the preschool years and their effect on body functions. Which statements accurately describe these changes? Select all that apply. A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years. B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age. C) Heart rate increases and blood pressure decreases slightly during the preschool years; an innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation. D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature. E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschool-age child. F) The urethra remains long in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract infections than adults.

A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years. B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age. D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature. E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschool-age child.

When observing a group of preschoolers at play in the clinic waiting room, which type of play would the nurse be least likely to note? A) Parallel play B) Cooperative play C) Dramatic play D) Fantasy play

A) Parallel play

The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a preschooler. What are normal activities characteristic of the preschooler? Select all that apply. A) Plans activities and makes up games. B) Initiates activities with others. C) Acts out roles of other people. D) Engages in parallel play with peers. E) Classifies or groups objects by their common elements. F) Understands relationships among objects.

A) Plans activities and makes up games. B) Initiates activities with others. C) Acts out roles of other people.

The school nurse is helping parents choose books for their preschoolers. What literacy skills present in the preschooler would the nurse consider when making choices? Select all that apply. A) Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories. B) Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention. C) Preschoolers like stories that describe experiences different from their own. D) Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of books. E) Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask questions about the story. F) Preschoolers do not have enough focus and expanded attention to notice when a page is skipped during reading.

A) Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories. B) Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention. D) Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of books. E) Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask questions about the story.

The nurse is teaching the parents of an overweight 18-month-old girl about diet. Which intervention will be most effective for promoting proportionate growth? A) Remove high-calorie, low-nutrient foods from the diet. B) Ensure 30 minutes of unstructured activity per day. C) Avoid sharing your snacks and candy with the child. D) Reduce the amount of high-fat food the child eats.

A) Remove high-calorie, low-nutrient foods from the diet.

The nurse is explaining to parents that the preschooler's developmental task is focused on the development of initiative rather than guilt. What is a priority intervention the nurse might recommend for parents of preschoolers to stimulate initiative? A) Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem. B) Change the routine of the preschooler often to stimulate initiative. C) Do not set limits on the preschooler's behavior as this results in low self-esteem. D) As a parent, decide how and with whom the child will play.

A) Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem.

The parents of a 1-year-old girl, both of whom have perfect teeth, are concerned about their child getting dental caries. Which is the best advice the nurse can provide? A) Tell the parents to limit the child's eating to meal and snack times. B) Urge the parents to take the child to a dentist for a check-up. C) Advise the parents to reduce carbohydrates in the child's diet. D) Advise the parents to use fluoride toothpaste.

A) Tell the parents to limit the child's eating to meal and snack times.

The nurse knows that the school-age child is in Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority. Which best exemplifies a school-ager working toward accomplishing this developmental task? A) The child signs up for after-school activities. B) The child performs his bedtime preparations autonomously. C) The child becomes aware of the opposite sex. D) The child is developing a conscience.

A) The child signs up for after-school activities.

A new mother tells the nurse that she is having difficulty breastfeeding her baby. When observing the mother, which actions prompt the nurse to provide teaching about proper breastfeeding techniques? Select all that apply. A) The mother carefully washes her breasts prior to feeding the infant. B) The mother feeds the infant every hour. C) The mother supplements feedings with water. D) The mother holds her breast in the "C" position. E) The mother strokes the nipple against the infant's face.

A) The mother carefully washes her breasts prior to feeding the infant. B) The mother feeds the infant every hour. C) The mother supplements feedings with water.

The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? Select all that apply. A) The nasal passages are narrower. B) The trachea and chest wall are less compliant. C) The bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and wider. D) The larynx is more funnel shaped. E) The tongue is smaller. F) There are significantly fewer alveoli.

A) The nasal passages are narrower. D) The larynx is more funnel shaped. F) There are significantly fewer alveoli.

The nurse observing toddlers in a day care center notes that they may be happy and pleasant one moment and overreact to limit setting the next minute by throwing a tantrum. What is the focus of the toddler's developmental task that is driving this behavior? A) The need for separation and control B) The need for love and belonging C) The need for safety and security D) The need for peer approval

A) The need for separation and control

The nurse explains to parents of school-age children that according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, their child is at the conventional stage of moral development. Which is the nurse's best explanation for the motivation for school-age children to follow rules? A) They follow rules out of a sense of being a "good person." B) They follow rules out of fear of being punished. C) They follow rules in order to receive praise from caretakers. D) They follow rules because it is in their nature to do so.

A) They follow rules out of a sense of being a "good person."

The nurse is watching toddlers at play. Which normal behavior would the nurse observe? A) Toddlers engage in parallel play. B) Toddlers engage in solitary play. C) Toddlers engage in cooperative play. D) Toddlers do not engage in play outside the home.

A) Toddlers engage in parallel play.

The nurse is caring for a premature baby in the NICU. The mother reports that the infant's normally happy and outgoing 5-year-old sister is acting sad and withdrawn. The nurse understands that due to her developmental stage, the girl is at risk of what happening? A) Viewing her baby sister's illness as her fault B) Harming the baby C) Experiencing clinical depression D) Creating an imaginary friend to cope with the situation

A) Viewing her baby sister's illness as her fault

The nurse is teaching good sleep habits for toddlers to the mother of a 3-year-old boy. Which response indicates the mother understands sleep requirements for her son? A) "I'll put him to bed at 7 PM, except Friday and Saturday." B) "He needs 12 hours of sleep per day including his nap." C) "I need to put the side down on the crib so he can get out." D) "His father can give him a horseback ride into his bed."

B) "He needs 12 hours of sleep per day including his nap."

The parents of a 5-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son is having frequent episodes of night terrors. Which statement would indicate that the boy is having nightmares instead of night terrors? A) "It usually happens about an hour after he falls asleep." B) "He will tell us about what happened in his dream." C) "He is completely unaware that we are there." D) "When we try to comfort him, he screams even more."

B) "He will tell us about what happened in his dream."

During a health history, the nurse explores the sleeping habits of a 3-year-old boy by interviewing his parents. Which statement from the parents reflects a recommended guideline for promoting healthy sleep in this age group? A) "Our son sleeps through the night, and we insist that he takes two naps a day." B) "We keep a strict bedtime ritual for our son, which includes a bath and bedtime story." C) "Our son still sleeps in a crib because we feel it is the safest place for him at night." D) "Our son occasionally experiences night walking so we allow him to stay up later when this happens."

B) "We keep a strict bedtime ritual for our son, which includes a bath and bedtime story."

The parents of a 2-year-old girl are frustrated by the frequent confrontations they have with their child. Which is the best anticipatory guidance the nurse can offer to prevent confrontations? A) "Respond in a calm but firm manner." B) "You need to adhere to various routines." C) "Put her in time-out when she misbehaves." D) "It's important to toddler-proof your home."

B) "You need to adhere to various routines."

The nurse is conducting a well-child examination of a 5-year-old girl, who was 40 in tall at her last examination at age 4. Which height measurement would be within the normal range of growth expected for a preschooler? A) 41 in B) 43 in C) 45 in D) 47 in

B) 43 in

At which age would the nurse expect to find the beginning of object permanence? A) 1 month B) 6 months C) 9 months D) 12 months

B) 6 months

When instructing the parents of a toddler about appropriate nutrition, what would the nurse recommend? A) About 12 to 16 ounces of fruit juice per day B) Approximately 16 to 24 ounces of milk per day C) Fat intake of 30% to 40% of total calories D) An average of 10 to 12 grams of fiber per day

B) Approximately 16 to 24 ounces of milk per day

The nurse observes an infant interacting with his parents. What are normal social behavioral developments for this age group? Select all that apply. A) Around 5 months, the infant may develop stranger anxiety. B) Around 2 months, the infant exhibits a first real smile. C) Around 3 months, the infant smiles widely and gurgles when interacting with the caregiver. D) Around 3 months, the infant will mimic the parent's facial movements, such as sticking out the tongue. E) Around 3 to 6 months of age, the infant may enjoy socially interactive games such as patty-cake and peek-a-boo. F) Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy.

B) Around 2 months, the infant exhibits a first real smile. C) Around 3 months, the infant smiles widely and gurgles when interacting with the caregiver. D) Around 3 months, the infant will mimic the parent's facial movements, such as sticking out the tongue. F) Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance for parents of a preschooler regarding sex education. What is a recommended guideline when dealing with this issue? A) Be prepared to thoroughly cover a topic before the child asks about it. B) Before answering questions, find out what the child thinks about the subject. C) Expand upon the topic when answering questions to prevent further confusion. D) Provide a less than honest response to shelter the child from knowledge that is too advanced.

B) Before answering questions, find out what the child thinks about the subject.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old toddler methods of dealing with their child's "negativism." Based on Erikson's theory of development, what would be an appropriate intervention for this child? A) Discourage solitary play; encourage playing with other children. B) Encourage the child to pick out his own clothes. C) Use "time-outs" whenever the child says "no" inappropriately. D) Encourage the child to take turns when playing games.

B) Encourage the child to pick out his own clothes.

The nurse is observing a 24-month-old boy in a day care center. Which finding suggests delayed motor development? A) The child has trouble undressing himself. B) The child is unable to push a toy lawnmower. C) The child is unable to unscrew a jar lid. D) The child falls when he bends over.

B) The child is unable to push a toy lawnmower.

The nurse is helping parents prepare a healthy meal plan for their toddler. Which guidelines for promoting nutrition should be followed when planning meals? Select all that apply. A) The child younger than 2 years of age should have his or her fat intake restricted. B) Extending breastfeeding into toddlerhood is believed to be beneficial to the child. C) Weaning from the bottle should occur by 6 to 12 months of age. D) Adequate calcium intake and appropriate exercise lay the foundation for proper bone mineralization. E) The toddler requires an average intake of 700 mg calcium per day. F) Toddlers tend to have the highest daily iron intake of any age group.

B) Extending breastfeeding into toddlerhood is believed to be beneficial to the child. D) Adequate calcium intake and appropriate exercise lay the foundation for proper bone mineralization. E) The toddler requires an average intake of 700 mg calcium per day.

The nurse is counseling parents of a picky eater on how to promote healthy eating habits in their child. Which intervention would be appropriate advice? A) Allow the child to pick out his or her own foods for meals. B) Present the food matter-of-factly and allow the child to choose what to eat. C) Offer high-fat snacks if the child does not eat, to get them to eat something. D) Offer the child a special treat if he or she eats all the food on the plate.

B) Present the food matter-of-factly and allow the child to choose what to eat.

The nurse is counseling the mother of a newborn who is concerned about her baby's constant crying. What teaching would be appropriate for this mother? A) Carrying the baby may increase the length of crying. B) Reducing stimulation may decrease the length of crying. C) Using vibration, white noise, or swaddling may increase crying. D) Using a swing or car ride may increase the incidence of crying episodes.

B) Reducing stimulation may decrease the length of crying.

The pediatric nurse is aware of the maturation of organ systems in the school-age child. What accurately describes these changes? Select all that apply. A) The brain grows very slowly during the school-age years and growth is complete by the time the child is 12 years of age. B) Respiratory rates decrease, abdominal breathing disappears, and respirations become diaphragmatic in nature. C) The school-age child's blood pressure increases and the pulse rate decreases, and the heart grows more slowly during the middle years. D) The school-age child experiences more gastrointestinal upsets compared with earlier years since the stomach capacity increases. E) Bladder capacity increases, but varies among individual children, and girls generally have a greater bladder capacity than boys. F) Prepubescence typically occurs in the 2 years before the beginning of puberty and is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

B) Respiratory rates decrease, abdominal breathing disappears, and respirations become diaphragmatic in nature. C) The school-age child's blood pressure increases and the pulse rate decreases, and the heart grows more slowly during the middle years. E) Bladder capacity increases, but varies among individual children, and girls generally have a greater bladder capacity than boys. F) Prepubescence typically occurs in the 2 years before the beginning of puberty and is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Which reflex, if found in a 4-month-old infant, would cause the nurse to be concerned? A) Plantar grasp B) Step C) Babinski D) Neck righting

B) Step

The nurse is caring for a 4-week-old girl and her mother. Which is the most appropriate subject for anticipatory guidance? A) Promoting the digestibility of breast milk B) Telling how and when to introduce rice cereal C) Describing root reflex and latching on D) Advising how to choose a good formula

B) Telling how and when to introduce rice cereal

The nurse is assessing a 4-month-old boy during a scheduled visit. Which findings might suggest a developmental problem? A) The child does not babble. B) The child does not vocally respond to voices. C) The child never squeals or yells. D) The child does not say dada or mama.

B) The child does not vocally respond to voices.

The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old boy who has missed some developmental milestones. Which finding will point to the cause of motor skill delays? A) The mother is suffering from depression. B) The child is homeless and has no toys. C) The mother describes an inadequate diet. D) The child is unperturbed by a loud noise.

B) The child is homeless and has no toys.

The parents of a preschooler ask the nurse to help them choose a preschool for their child. What are recommended guidelines and goals for choosing a preschool? Select all that apply. A) The main goal of preschool is to improve reading and writing skills and readiness for entering into grade school. B) When selecting a preschool, the parent may want to consider the accreditation of the school and the teachers' qualifications. C) The teachers should decide how focused on curriculum the school should be for each individual student. D) The parent should observe the classroom, evaluating the environment, noise level, and sanitary practices. E) The type of discipline used in the school is also an important factor. Parents should choose a preschool that uses corporal punishment. F) The parent should observe the classroom to determine how the children interact with each other and how the teachers interact with the children.

B) When selecting a preschool, the parent may want to consider the accreditation of the school and the teachers' qualifications. D) The parent should observe the classroom, evaluating the environment, noise level, and sanitary practices. F) The parent should observe the classroom to determine how the children interact with each other and how the teachers interact with the children.

Which food suggestion would be most appropriate for the mother of a preschooler to ensure an adequate intake of calcium? A) Spinach B) White beans C) Enriched bread D) Fortified cereal

B) White beans

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old girl. The mother says that the girl is afraid of cats and dogs and does not like to go to the playground anymore because she wants to avoid the dogs that are often being walked at the park. What should the nurse tell the mother? A) "It is best to avoid the playground until she outgrows the fear." B) "She needs to face her fears head-on; take her to the park as much as possible." C) "Acknowledge her fear and help her develop a strategy for dealing with it." D) "Try to minimize her fears and insist that she go to the park."

C) "Acknowledge her fear and help her develop a strategy for dealing with it."

The nurse is assessing the gross motor skills of an 8-year-old boy. Which interview question would facilitate this assessment? A) "Do you like to do puzzles?" B) "Do you play any instruments?" C) "Do you participate in any sports?" D) "Do you like to construct models?

C) "Do you participate in any sports?"

The parents of a 5-year-old are concerned that their son is too short for his age. The nurse measures the child's height at 40 in (101.6 cm). How should the nurse respond? A) "Some children are short for their age during the preschool years but usually catch up during early childhood." B) "Are most of the adults in your family short? It may be hereditary that your child will be shorter than average." C) "The average height for a 5-year-old is 43 in tall (118.5 cm), so your son is within the normal range for height." D) "I am sure his height is a concern, but if you start choosing nutrient-dense foods, he will likely catch up to normal in height."

C) "The average height for a 5-year-old is 43 in tall (118.5 cm), so your son is within the normal range for height."

The nurse is using the formula for bladder capacity to measure the bladder capacity of a 9-year-old girl. What number would the nurse document for this measurement? A) 9 ounces B) 10 ounces C) 11 ounces D) 12 ounces

C) 11 ounces

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 10-year-old boy. The nurse notes that during last year's check-up, the child weighed 80 lb. According to average growth for this age group, what would be his expected current weight? A) 81 lb B) 85 lb C) 87 lb D) 89 lb

C) 87 lb

The nurse is supervising lunch time for children on a pediatric ward. Which observation, if noted by the nurse, would require further assessment? A) A child has a full set of primary teeth. B) A child has no difficulty chewing and swallowing meat. C) A child uses his fingers and refuses to use a fork. D) A child is a picky eater.

C) A child uses his fingers and refuses to use a fork.