Peds Quizzes Ch 15 (Test 2)

Which activity contributes to the development of a sexual identity in young adolescents?

For young adolescents, the process of sexual identity development usually involves forming close friendships with same-sex peers with whom they may experiment sexually, often to satisfy curiosity. Engaging in sexual activity and abstaining from sexual activity is not the foundation for the process of developing a sexual identity for young adolescents. Forming close friendships with opposite-sex peers is not common for adolescents.

Which occurrence is considered normal during puberty for boys?

Gynecomastia, or temporary breast enlargement and tenderness, is common during male puberty; it is reported by up to one third of boys. Obesity is not a part of male puberty. Growth rate increases rather than declines during male puberty. There is growth, not a loss, of lean body mass in boys.

How long after the appearance of the first pubescent changes does menarche, or the first menstruation, occur?

Initial menstruation, or menarche, occurs about 2 years after the appearance of the first pubescent changes. Three years is too long, and 15 or 18 months is not long enough.

Which is the leading cause of death among adolescents?

Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death among adolescents. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. Homicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents. Drowning is not a leading cause of death but does account for both serious injuries and death among adolescents.

Which type of injury is the leading cause of unintentional injury and death in adolescence?

Motor vehicle crashes are the single greatest source of accidental injury and death among adolescents. Homicide, a form of intentional injury, is the second-leading cause of death. Of these deaths, 82% are firearm related. Drownings and drug overdoses do cause injury and death but not to the extent that motor vehicle crashes and firearms do.

Why do peer relationships play a significant role during adolescence?

The peer group serves as a credible source of information, a role model for new social behaviors, a source of social reinforcement, and a bridge to alternative lifestyles. During adolescence, the parent-child relationship changes from one of protection-dependency to one of mutual affection and equality. Parents continue to play an important role in personal and health-related decisions. The peer group forms the transitional world between dependence and autonomy.

Which social factor influences adolescent development and overall health? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

The relationship of adolescents with their parents changes to mutual affection and equality during adolescence. There may be conflicts between parents and adolescents because adolescents want to be free of parental restraints. Peer groups have intense influence on adolescents' behavior and also influence their decision making. Leisure time activities also help in the development of social, physical, and cognitive skills of the adolescent. Sexual activity is common in late teen years and needs to be assessed to ensure that the adolescent practices safe sex. Self-concept and body image are not social factors but rather personal ones that reflect adolescent feelings about the new changes that have taken place in their bodies.

According to Erikson, in which stage of psychosocial development is the adolescent?

According to Erikson, the adolescent has the task of developing a sense of identity. The infant has the task of developing trust. The school-age child has the task of developing initiative. The toddler has the task of developing autonomy.

For which reason would the nurse emphasize proper diet when discussing health promotion with an adolescent girl?

Although it is common for any adolescent to desire being attractive, adolescent girls have a high rate of reducing regimens and dietary restriction of essential nutrients. Thus the nurse would focus education about the importance of having a proper diet. Not all adolescent girls have a high body mass index. Adolescent boys tend to eat more to gain size and strength. Adolescent girls are less prone to have cardiovascular diseases because they have high estrogen levels. Estrogen has a cardioprotective effect.

Which description accurately depicts body image during the adolescent years?

Body art may contribute to adolescent identity formation, offering an opportunity to express identity and style. Teenagers are acutely aware of their appearance, rather than unaware of their appearance. Most adolescents feel uncomfortable with the changes their bodies are going through rather than feeling comfortable. Body image during adolescence does seem to have a great impact on the child's self-concept.

Which term is considered a stage of puberty? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Puberty has three stages: prepubescence, puberty, and postpubescence. Prepubescence is the time period of about 2 years before puberty in which there are preliminary physical changes. Postpubescence is the period of 1 to 2 years after puberty in which skeletal growth is complete and reproductive functions are well developed. Adolescence is the psychologic, social, and maturational process brought about by pubertal changes. Early adolescence (11 to 14 years of age) and late adolescence (18 to 20 years of age) are phases of adolescence.

Which occurrence marks the onset of puberty in boys?

Testicular enlargement is the first change that signals puberty in boys during Tanner stage 2 of sexual development. Voice changes occur between Tanner stages 3 and 4 of sexual development. Fine pubic hair may develop at the base of the penis early in puberty, but darker hair grows in during Tanner stage 3 of sexual development. The penis enlarges during Tanner stage 3 of sexual development.

Against which condition does the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protect?

The HPV vaccine is used for the prevention of certain cancers. HPV does not prevent meningitis or pertussis. The meningococcal vaccine (MCV) is given for the prevention of meningitis. The tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine is used for the prevention of pertussis. The hepatitis B vaccine is given to prevent hepatitis B viral infection.

In which way does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt in girls compare with boys?

The average age of onset for puberty is 12 years in girls and 14 years in boys.

In which way would the nurse obtain sexual information from an adolescent?

The nurse would ask the question in a straightforward manner, providing accurate and complete information. The adolescent may not understand the scientific names; therefore questions should not include scientific terminology. The adolescent, rather than the parent, should be asked specifically about his or her own sexuality. Information about sexual matters should be obtained from all adolescents, whether or not they are sexually active.

Which response would the school nurse employ when adolescents disclose that they are gay?

The nurse would be open and nonjudgmental in interactions with adolescents who discuss sexual orientation. This provides adolescents a safe environment in which to speak with and receive trusted guidance from a health care professional. The nurse's own beliefs should not bias the interaction with this student and therefore are irrelevant. Adolescence is when sexual identity develops; therefore questions about sexual orientation often surface at this time, and the nurse would not say that adolescents are too young to know their sexual orientation. There are unique challenges for homosexual adolescents, including societal, cultural, religious, and spiritual challenges; therefore the nurse would not say that their health needs are the same as heterosexual adolescents; needs may relate to society, and sexual identity differs from those of heterosexual adolescents.

Which approach would the nurse use when educating adolescents about sexual health?

The nurse would provide medically accurate and complete information using correct terminology that is understandable to the adolescent. Dolls are appropriate for teaching a younger age group of children, while using the correct terminology is more appropriate for a group of adolescents. Parents are important in conveying the morals and values surrounding sexual activities, but adolescents often avoid discussing sexual health with their parents. Nurses have a unique opportunity to provide adolescents with accurate, complete information. The nurse would educate all adolescents about sexual health, which ideally takes place before they are sexually active.