PEDS-test 1

A mother is concerned about her infant's spitting up. Which suggestion would be most appropriate? Question options: " Put the infant in an infant seat after eating." "Limit burping to once during a feeding" "Feed The same amount but space out the feedings." " Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterwards"

" Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterwards" FEEDBACK:Keeping the baby upright for 30 minutes after the feeding, burping the baby at least two or three times during a feeding, and feeding smaller amounts on a more frequent basis may help to decrease spitting up. Positioning the infant in an infant seat compresses the stomach and is not recommended.

The nurse is interviewing a 3-year-old girl who tells the nurse: 'Want go potty." The parents tell the nurse that their daughter often speaks in this type of broken speech. What would be the nurse's appropriate response to this concern? Question options: " This is a normal, common speech pattern in a 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech." "This is considered a developmental delay in the 3-year-old and we should consult a speech therapist" "This condition known as echolalia and can be corrected if you work with your daughter on language skills." "This is a condition known a stuttering and it is a normal pattern of speech development in the toddler"

" This is a normal, common speech pattern in a 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech." FEEDBACK: Telegraphic speech is common in the 3-year-old. Telegraphic speech refers to speech that contains only the essential words to get the point across, much like a telegram. In telegraphic speech, the nouns and verbs are present and are verbalized in the appropriate order (Feigleman, 2016b). Echolalia (repetition of words and phrases without understanding) normally occurs in toddlers younger than 30 months of age. "Why" and "what" questions dominate the older toddler's language. Stuttering usually has its onset at between 2 and 4 years of age. It occurs more often in boys than in girls. About 75% of all cases of stuttering resolve within 1 to 2 years after they start

During a well-child check up, the parents of a 9-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son's friends told him that soccer is a stupid game, and now he wants to play baseball. Which comment by the nurse best explains the effects of peer groups? Question options: "The child's best friends will continue playing soccer." "The children will cheer for each other regardless of the sport being played." "Your child will rarely talk to you about his friends." "Acceptance by friends, especially of the same sex, is very important at this age."

"Acceptance by friends, especially of the same sex, is very important at this age." Feedback Peer relationships, especially of the same sex, are very important and can influence the child's relationship with his parents. they can provide enough support that he can risk parental conflict and stand his ground about playing soccer. At this age peer groups are made up of the child's best friends, and they happen to be playing baseball. Peer groups have rules and take up sides against the soccer player. Peers are an authority, so the child will let his parents know their opinions

The school nurse is conducting visions screening for a 7-year-old girl and documents the condition "amblyopia". What would the nurse tell the parents about this condition? Question options: "Amblyopia is an uncorrected refractive error of the eye" "Amblyopia is reduced vision in an eye that has not been adequately used during early development" "Amblyopia is a malalignment of the eye which occurs at birth" "Amblyopia is a clouding of the lens of the eye caused by trauma to the eye"

"Amblyopia is a malalignment of the eye which occurs at birth" FEEDBACK:Some problems frequently identified in school-age children include amblyopia (lazy eye), uncorrected refractive errors or other eve defects, and malalignment of the eyes (called strabismus). Amblyopia is reduced vision in an eye that has not been adequately used during early development. In adequate use can result from conditions such as strabismus, being cross-eyed, or one eye being more nearsighted, farsighted, or asigmatic than the other eye. Amblyopia is the leading cause of visual impairment in children (National Eye Institute, 2008) and if untreated can result in vision loss

The nurse is assessing the gross motor skills of an 8-year-old boy. Which interview question would facilitate this assessment? Question options: "Do you like puzzles?" "Do you play any instruments?" "Do you participate in any sports?" " Do you like to construct models?"

"Do you participate in any sports?" FEEDBACK:o assess the gross motor skills of school-age children, the nurse should ask questions about participation in sports and after-school activities. For fine motor skills, the nurse could ask questions about band membership, construction models, and writing skills.

The mother of a 12-year-old boy is talking with the school nurse about her son's clumsiness. She reports that he seems to fall a lot, his writing is horrible, and as much as he practices he can't play his guitar very well. How should the nurse respond to the mother?" Question options: "Boys tend to take a bit longer than girls to mature" "Have you spoken with your pediatrician about your observations?" "Boys tend to refine their fine motor skills by this age" "I will make a note of your observations and talk to his teachers."

"Have you spoken with your pediatrician about your observations?" FEEDBACK:Myelination of the central nervous system is reflected by refinement of fine motor skills. The child between 10 and 12 years of age begins to exhibit manipulative skills comparable to adults. In order to determine if the child is delayed in fine motor skill development, the pediatrician should be made aware because further examination or testing may be warranted. Just stating the fact that his motor skills should be developed by this age, although true does not address the mother's concerns. The teachers can be notified of the mother's observations, but the child should still be assessed by the pediatrician.

The nurse is teaching good sleep habits for toddlers to the mother of a 3-year old boy. Which response indicates the mother understands sleep requirements for her son? Question options: "I'll put him to bed at 7 pm, except Friday and Saturday" "He needs 12 hours of sleep per day including his nap." "I need to put the side down on the crib so he can get out" "His father can give him a horseback ride into his bed.

"He needs 12 hours of sleep per day including his nap." FEEDBACK:The mother understands her child need 12 hours of sleep and one nap per day. Routines, such as the same bedtime every night, promote good sleep. However, a horseback ride to bed may cause problems because it may not provide a calming transition from play to sleep. A bath and reading a book would be better. If the child can climb out of a crib, he needs to be in a youth bed or a regular bed to avoid injury

the parents of a 5-year-old boy tells the nurse that their son is having frequent episodes of night terrors. which statement would indicate that the boy is having nightmares instead of night terrors? Question options: "It usually happens about an hour after he falls asleep" "He will tell us about what happened in his dream" "He is completely unaware that we are there." "When we try to comfort him, he screams even more."

"He will tell us about what happened in his dream" FEEDBACK: During a nightmare, a child will have a memory of the occurrence and may remember the dream and talk about it later. with night terrors, the child has no memory of the event. The other statements are indicative of night terrors.

After teaching the parents of a 9-year-old girl about safety, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching? Question options: "She can ride in the front seat of the car once she turns 10 years old" " We need to buy her a helmet so she can ride her scooter" "She should ride her bike with the traffic on the side of the road." "We signed her up for swim lesions at the local community center."

"She can ride in the front seat of the car once she turns 10 years old" FEEDBACK:Children younger than 12 years of age must sit in the back of the car. Laws in most states require helmets for ridings bicycles and scooters. When riding a bike, the child should ride on the side of the road traveling with the traffic. Children Should know how to swim. If swimming skills are limited, the child must wear a life preserver at all times.

The mother of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that her son occasionally wets his pants during the day. How should the nurse respond? Question options: "Is there a family history of diabetes?" "Suddenly having accidents can be a sign of diabetes." "That's normal; don't worry about it." "Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs."

"Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs." Feedback Bladder control is present in the 4-5 year-old child, but an occasional accident may occur, particularly in stressful situations or when the child is absorbed in an interesting activity. The nurse needs to ask an open-ended question to determine the circumstances when the child has had accidents. Simply telling the mother that it is normal does not address the mother's concerns. The nurse does need to gather more information, because accidents in a previously potty-trained child can be a sign of diabetes

The parents of a 4-year-old ask the nurse when their child will be able to differentiate right from wrong and develop morals. what would be the best response of the nurse? Question options: "The preschooler has no sense of right and wrong" "The preschooler is developing a conscience" "The preschooler sees morality as internal to self" "the preschooler's morals are his or her own, right or wrong"

"The preschooler is developing a conscience" FEEDBACK:The preschool child can understand the concepts of right and wrong and is developing a conscience. Preschool children see morality as external to themselves; the defer power (that of the adult). The child's moral standards are those of their parents or other adults who influence them, not necessarily their own

A new mother shows the nurse that her baby grasps her finger when she touches the baby's palm. How might the nurse respond to this information? Question options: "This is a primitive reflex known as the plantar grasp" "This is a primitive reflex know as the palmer grasp" "This is a protective reflex known as rooting" "This is a protective reflex known as the Moro reflex"

"This is a primitive reflex know as the palmer grasp" FEEDBACK:Primitive reflexes are subcortical and involve a whole-body response. Selected primitive reflexes present a birth include Moro, root, suck, asymmetric, tonic neck, plantar and palmar grasp, step and Babinski, During the palmar grasp, the infant reflexively grasps when the palm is touched. The plantar grasp occurs when the infant reflexively grasps with the bottom of the foot when pressure is applied to the plantar surface. the root reflex occurs when the infant's cheek is stroked and the infant turns to that side, searching with mouth. The Moro reflex is displayed when sudden extension of the head, the arms abduct and move upward and the hands form a "c"

A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. what is the nurses' best response to this observation? Question options: "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry." "This is normal behavior for infants due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system." 'This indicates a blockage in the intestine and must be reported to the healthcare provider" "This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is black or green"

"This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry." FEEDBACK: Due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system, newborns and young infants often grunt, strain, or cry while attempting to have a bowel movement. This is not of concern unless the stool is hard and dry. Stool color and texture may change depending on the foods that he infant is ingesting. Iron supplements may cause the stool to appear black or very dark green

The mother of a 5-year old boy calls the nurse and seeks advice an how to assist the child with the recent death of his paternal grandfather. The boy keeps asking when his grandpa is coming back. How should the nurse respond? Question options: "It is best to ignore this and to not respond to his questions" "This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death." "You have to keep repeating that his grandfather is never coming back." "He will eventually figure this out on his own."

"This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death." FEEDBACK:The nurse needs to remind the mother that preschoolers do not completely understand the concept of death or its permanence. Telling the mother that it is best to ignore the boy's questions or that the boy will eventually figure this out on his own does not teach. Repeating that the grandfather is not coming back does not consider the developmental stage of the child and is inappropriate.

During a health history the nurse explores the sleeping habits of a 3-year-old boy by interviewing his parents. Which statement from the parents reflects a recommended guideline for promoting healthy sleep in this age group? Question options: "Our son sleeps through the night, and we insist that he takes two naps a day." "We keep a strict bedtime ritual for our son, which includes a bath and bedtime story" 'Our son still sleeps in a crib because we feel it is the safest place for him at night." "Our son occasionally experiences night walking so we allow him to stay up later when this happens"

"We keep a strict bedtime ritual for our son, which includes a bath and bedtime story" FEEDBACK:Consistent bedtime ritual help the toddler prepare for sleep; the parents should be advised to choose a bedtime and stick to it as much as possible. The nightly routine night include a bath followed by reading a story. A typical toddler should sleep through the night and take on daytime nap. Most children discontinue daytime napping around 3 years of age. When the crib becomes unsafe (that is, when the toddler becomes physically capable of climbing over the rails), then her or she must make the transitioned to a bed. Attention during night waking should be minimized so that the toddler receives no reward for being awake at night

The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a preschooler. What are the normal activities characteristics of a preschooler? Question options: Plans activities and make up games. Initiates activities with others Acts out roles of other people Classifies or groups objects by their common elements. Understands relationships among objects

-Classifies or groups objects by their common elements. -Understands relationships among objects -Initiates activities with others

The school nurse is helping parents choose books for their preschooler. What literacy skills present in the preschooler would the nurse consider when making choices. Select all that apply Question options: Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories. Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention. Preschoolers like stories that describe experiences different from their own Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of books. Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask questions about the story. Preschoolers do not have enough focus and expanded attention to notice when a page is skipped during a reading.

-Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories. -Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention. -Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of books. -Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask questions about the story. -Preschoolers do not have enough focus and expanded attention to notice when a page is skipped during a reading.

The nurse is using the formula for bladder capacity to measure the bladder capacity of a 9-year-old girl. What number would the nurse document for this measurement? Question options: 9 ounces 10 ounces 11 ounces 12 ounces

11 ounces FEEDBACK: The formula for bladder capacity is age in years plus 2 ounces. Therefore, the bladder capacity of the 9-year-old would be 11 ounces

The nurse is assisting low-income families to access healthcare. The nurse is aware that, in today's society , this most accurately defines the diversity of a modern family. Question options: A family consist of parents and their offspring living together A family is whatever the child and family say it is. A family is two or more people related or unrelated who are living together. A family is two or more genetically related persons living together with separate roles

A family is whatever the child and family say it is. FEEDBACK: The family is considered the basic social unit. the U.S. Census Bureau defines a family as a group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage , or adoption and living together. Traditional definitions of family emphasize the legal ties of genetic diversity of families in today's society, however, some believe that family should be defined as whatever the child and family say it is (Patterson, 1995)

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for toddler safety to present at a parenting seminar. Which saety intervention should the nurse address? Question options: Encourage parents to enroll toddlers in swimming classes to avoid the need for constant supervision around water Advise parents to keep pot handles on stoves turned outward to avoid accidental burns Encourage parents to smoke only in designated room in the house or outside the house. Advise the parents to use a forward-facing car seat with harness straps and a clip, placed in the back seat of the car.

Advise the parents to use a forward-facing car seat with harness straps and a clip, placed in the back seat of the car. FEEDBACK: Safety is of prime concern throughout the toddler period. the safest place of the toddler to ride is in the back seat of the car. parents should use the appropriate size and style of car seat for the child's weight and age as required by the state. At a minimum, all children over 20 lbs. and up to 40 lbs. should be in a forward-facing car seat with harness straps and a clip. Parents who want to enroll a toddler in a swimming class should be aware that a water safety skills class would be most appropriate. However, even toddlers who have completed a swimming program still need constant supervision in the water. Pot handles on stoves should be turned inward to avoid accidental burns. Nurses should counsel parents to stop smoking (optimal), but if they continue smoking never to smoke inside the home or car with children present

A parent of four children being interviewed by the nurse states: "whatever my husband and i say goes and the kids need to follow our rules without complaining about them." What type of parenting style does this attitude represent? Question options: Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive Rejecting or neglecting

Authoritarian FEEDBACK:Four major parenting styles seen in our society are authoritarian , authoritative, permissive, and rejecting. The Authoritarian parent expects obedience for the child and discourages the child for questioning the family's rules. The authoritative or democratic parent show some respect for the child's opinion. Permissive or laissez-faire parents are indifferent or uninvolved

The nurse is performing an annual check-up for an 8-year-old child. compared to the previous assessment of this child, which characteristic would most likely be observed? Question options: Breathing is diaphragmatic Pulse rate is increased Secondary sex characteristics are present Blood pressure has reached adult levels

Breathing is diaphragmatic FEEDBACK:The child's respiratory system is maturing, so abdominal breathing has been replaced by diaphragmatic breathing. Pulse rate will decrease, rather than increase, during this time. Secondary sex characteristics will not appear until late school-age years. Blood pressure will not reach the adult level until adolescence

The school nurse is teaching parents about the effects of bullying on school children. What accurately describes this developmental concern? Question options: Children who bully are those who report themselves as being lonely and having difficulty in forming friendships Children with health issues, such as disabilities, obesities, and food allergies, are at a decreased risk of being bullied In general, about 20% of all children attending school are frightened and afraid most of the day Both boys and girls are bullied; boys usually bully and use force more often

Children who bully are those who report themselves as being lonely and having difficulty in forming friendsHIPS Feedback Both boys and girls are bullied and can bully others. Boys usually bully boys and use more force more often, and boys are twice as likely to be victims of bullying. Bullied children are those who report themselves as being lonely and having difficulty in forming friendships. Children with health issues, such as disabilities, obesity, and food allergies, are at an increased risk of being bullied. In general, about 10% of all children attending school are bullied on a regular basis with approximately 50% of children reporting having been bullied at some point in their school-age years.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 9-year-old girl about the socialization that is occurring in their child through school contacts. Which information would the nurse include in her teaching plan? Question options: Teachers are the most influential people in the development of school-age child's social network Continuous peer relationships provide the most important social interaction for school-age children Parents should establish norms and standards that signify acceptance or rejection A characteristic of school-age children is their formation of groups with no rules and values involved.

Continuous peer relationships provide the most important social interaction for school-age children FEEDBACK:Continuous peer relationships provided the most important social interaction for school-age children. Peer and peer-group identification are most essential to the socialization of the school-age child. Peet groups establish norms and standards that signify acceptance or rejection. Valuable lessons are learned from interactions with children their own age. A characteristic of school-age children is their formation of groups with rules and values

The nurse is talking with a chatty 7-year-old girl during her regular check up. Which behaviors would the child also be expected to exhibit? Question options: Showing no interest in what the nurse sees in her ears Explaining what is right and what is wrong Demonstrating independence from her mother Showing no concern when the nurse hurts her own finger

Demonstrating independence from her mother FEEDBACK:At this age, behavior is seen by the child as either completely right or wrong. The child will almost surely want to know why the nurse looks in her ears. The child depends heavily on parents for support and encouragement at this age. This is a time when children gain empathy, so the child would show concern for the nurse's injury.

The nurse is caring for a 7-year -old girl who is scheduled for a hernia repair and is very scared. Which fear would she also most likely have at this age? Question options: Fear of being kidnapped Fear of cutting her finger Fear of sudden loud noises Fear of the neighbor's dog

Fear of being kidnapped FEEDBACK:At this age, the child will be fearful of being kidnapped. She should have outgrown her fears of harm to her body, noises, and dogs, all of which are typical preschooler fears.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old girl how to deal with common toddler situations. Which is the best advise? Question options: Discipline the child for regressive behavior. Scold the child for public thumb sucking Tell the older sibling to not act like a baby Have the child help clean up a bowel accident

Have the child help clean up a bowel accident FEEDBACK: Having the child help clean up a bowel accident is the best advice. The toddler should never be punished for bowel or bladder "accidents", but gently reminded about toileting. Regressive behavior is best ignored, while appropriate behavior should be praised. Telling the older sibling to not act like a baby is a negative approach. It would be better to have the child be mother's helper. Calmly telling the child that thumb sucking is something that is done at home is better than scolding the child.

the nurse is assessing a 3 year-old- boy's development during a well-child visit. Which response by the child indicates the need for further assessment? Question options: He says a swear word when he hurts himself playing He says "pew" when his sister has soiled her diaper. He laughs when his brother cries getting vaccinated He constantly asks "why" whenever he is told a fact.

He laughs when his brother cries getting vaccinated FEEDBACK: Laughing when his brother cries when being vaccinated indicates that the child hasn't yes developed a sense of empathy or that there may be a psychosocial issues, such as sibling rivalry, that should be assessed. the child may repeat a word even if it is out of context. This is called echolalia. Older toddlers have a well-developed sense of smell and will comment if they don't like a smell. The incessant "why" is very common to toddler's speech.

The nurse providing family-centered care in a hospital setting reflects on the focus of the health care provided in today's society. Which statement best describes the current definition of health? Question options: Health is described as "an absence of disease." Health is measured by monitoring mortality and morbidity of a group Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being Technologic gains made in health care are shared equally among all children

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being *Feedback In the past, health was defined simply as the absence of disease; health was measured by monitoring the mortality and morbidity of a group. Over the past century, however, the focus of of health has shifted to disease prevention, health promotion, and wellness. The World Health Organization (2018) defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." the gains in child health have been huge, but, unfortunately, these gains are not shared equally among all children

The nurse has determined that an 8-year-old girl is at risk for being overweight. Which intervention would be a priority prior to developing the care plan? Question options: Determining the need for additional caloric intake Asking the parents who they want to work with the child Interviewing the parents about their eating habits Discussing the influence of peers on the child's diet

Interviewing the parents about their eating habits FEEDBACK:The nurse would need to find out what the parents' eating habits are like. It would not be necessary to determine the need for additional caloric intake. Developing a multidisciplinary plan is an intervention for a child with growth and development problems. Discussing the influence of peers is an intervention used for preventing injury

The nurse is caring for a 2-week-old- girl with a metabolic disorder. Which activity would deviate from the characteristics of family centered care? Question options: Minimizing unpleasant information or prognoses Evaluating and changing the nursing plan of care borating with the child and family as equals Showing respect for the family's beliefs and wishes

Minimizing unpleasant information or prognoses FEEDBACK: Family-centered care required that the nurse provide open and honest information for the child and family. It is inappropriate to soften unpleasant information or prognoses. Evaluating and the nursing plan of care to fit the needs of the child and family, collaborating with them as equals, and showing respect for their beliefs and wishes are guidelines for family-centered care

The nurse is designing a nursing care plan for a toddler with lymphoma, who is hospitalized for treatment. What is the priority intervention that the nurse should include in this child's nursing care plan? Question options: Limiting visitors to scheduled visiting hours Planning physical therapy for the child Introducing the toddler to other toddlers in the unit Monitoring the toddler for developmental delays

Monitoring the toddler for developmental delays FEEDBACK: When the toddler is hospitalized, growth and development may be altered. the toddler's primary task is establishing autonomy, and the toddler's focus is mobility and language development. The nurse caring for the hospitalized toddler must use knowledge of normal growth and development to be successful in interactions with the toddler, promote continued developmental, and recognize delays, parents should be encouraged to stay with the toddler to avoid separation anxiety . Planning activities and socialization of the toddler is important, but the priority intervention is monitoring for, and addressing, developmental delays that may occur in the hospital.

the nurse is assessing a toddler far temperament and documents a "difficult" temperament. Which traits would the nurse note on this type of personality? Select all that apply Question options: Moodiness Irritability Even-temperedness overly-active regular biologic functions

Moodiness Irritability overly-active

The nurse is describing the maturation of various organ systems during toddlerhood to the parents. What would the nurse correctly include in the description? Question options: Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months. Alveoli reach adult numbers by 3 years of age. Urine output in a toddler typically averages approximately 30 ml/hour Toddlers typically have strong abdominal muscles by the age of 2

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months. FEEDBACK: Myelination of the brain and spinal cord continues to progress and is complete around 24 months of age. Alveoli reach adult numbers usually around the age of 7. Urine output in a toddler typically averages 1 ml/kg/hour. Abdominal musculature in a toddler is weak, resulting in a pot-bellied appearance

When observing a group of preschoolers at play in the clinic waiting room, which type of play would the nurse be least likely to note Question options: Parallel play cooperative play Dramatic play Fantasy play

Parallel play FEEDBACK:Parallel play is associated with toddlers, cooperative, dramatic and fantasy play are commonly used by preschoolers

The pediatric nurse knows that the children she is treating are considered minors. Which Statement accurately describes the regulations related to consent for medical treatment? Question options: Children older than 16 can provide their own consent for, or refusal of, medical procedures. A guardian ad litem may be appointed by the parents to serve to protect the child's best interests Parents ultimately are the decision makers regarding medical treatment for their children younger than the age of 18 When divorce occurs, the parent with whom the child is living on a daily basis will be granted custody of the child.

Parents ultimately are the decision makers regarding medical treatment for their children younger than the age of 18 FEEDBACK:Parents ultimately are the decision makers for their children. Generally, only persons over the age of majority (18 years of age) can legally provide consent for health care. Minors (children younger than 18 years of age) generally require adult guardians to act on their behalf. Biologic or adoptive parents are usually considered to be the child's legal guardian. When divorce occurs, on ore both parents may be granted custody of the child. In certain cases (such as child abuse or neglect, or during foster care), a guardian ad litem may be appointed by the courts this person generally serves to protect the child's best interests.

When providing anticipatory guidance to a group of parents with school-age children, what would the nurse describe as the most important aspect of social interaction? Question options: school Peer relationships Family Temperament

Peer relationships

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother to help promote healthy sleep for her 3-week-old baby. Which recommended guideline might be included in the teaching plan? Question options: Place the baby on a soft mattress with a firm, flat pillow for the head. Place the head of the bed near the window to provide fresh air, weather permitting Place the baby on his or her back when sleeping If the baby sleeps through the night, wake him or her up for the night feeding

Place the baby on his or her back when sleeping FEEDBACK:Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been associated with prone positioning of newborns and infants, so the infant should be placed to sleep on the back. The baby should sleep on a firm mattress without pillows or comforters. The baby's bed should be placed away from air conditioner vents, open windows, and open heater. By 4 months of age, night waking may occur, but the infant should be capable of sleeping through the night and does not require a night feeding

The nurse is explaining to parents that the preschooler's developmental task is focused on the development of initiative rather than guilt. What is a priority intervention the nurse might recommend for parents of preschoolers to stimulate initiative? Question options: Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem Change the routine of the preschooler often to stimulate initiative Do not set limits on the preschooler's behavior as this results in low self-esteem As a parent, decide how and with whom the child will play.

Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem FEEDBACK: the building of self-esteem continues throughout the preschool period. it is of particular importance during these years, as the preschooler's developmental task is focused on the development of initiative rather than guilt. a sense of guilt will contribute to low self-esteem, were as a child who is rewarded for his or her initiative will have increased self-confidence. Routine and ritual continue to be important throughout the preschool years, as they help the child to develop a sense of time as well as provide the structure for the child to feel safe and secure. Also, consistent limits provide the preschooler with expectations and guidance. Giving children opportunities to decide how and with whom they want to play also helps them develop initiative.

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance for parents of a school-age child on teaching the dangers of drugs and alcohol. What advice might be helpful for these parents? Question options: School-age children are not ready to absorb information that deals with drugs and alcohol School-age children can think critically to interpret messages seen in advertising, media, and sports Parents must prevent their child from being exposed to messages that are in conflict with their values Discussions with children need to be based on facts and focused on the past and future

School-age children can think critically to interpret messages seen in advertising, media, and sports FEEDBACK: School-age children can be taught how to think critically to interpret messages seen in advertising, media, sports, and entertainment personalities. School-age children are ready to absorb information that deals with drugs and alcohol and may be exposed to messages that are in conflict with their parents' values regarding smoking and alcohol. This may occur at school and cannot be prevented. Discussions with children need to be based on facts and focused on the present

The parents of an 8-year-old boy are interested in promoting learning through reading to their son. Which suggestion by the nurse would best promote this goal? Question options: Have the parents choose what he should read initially. Tell the child to read instead of watch TV with his parents. Tell the parents that reading is for the child to do by himself Take the child to the library to check out some books.

Take the child to the library to check out some books. Feedback Taking the child to the library can be a positive start to the reading experience. It is best to let the librarian recommend books that will be appropriate for the child, but let the child choose from recommended materials. Set an example by reading instead of watching TV while the child is not in bed. Reading to the child is a valuable parent-child activity that can expose the child to classic works that are beyond the child's present reading ability

A mother brings her 6-year-old son in for a check-up because the child is reporting stomachaches. It is the beginning of the school year. What might the mother also mention? Question options: The child cries before going to School The child made friends the first day of school The child fights with siblings more often The child loves the crowds in the lunchroom

The child cries before going to School FEEDBACK:The child has a slow-to warm-up temperament. The child may also be crying before going to school. Making friends the first day of school and enjoying crowds in the lunchroom are typical of a child with an easy temperament. Irritability is typical of a child with a difficult temperament.

The nurse is developing a nursing care plan for a hospitalized 6-year-old. Which behavior would warrant nursing intervention? Question options: A child pretends his is talking to an imaginary friend when the nurse addresses the child The child states that her fairy godmother is going to come and take her home. The child stars talking about his grandmother and then quickly changes the subject to a new toy her received. The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward

The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward Feedback the preschooler begins to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others. Not wanting to play games with other children is a sign of a developmental delay and nursing intervention is recommended. The preschooler is often has an imaginary friend who serves as creative way for the preschooler to sample different activities and behaviors and practice conversational skills. Through make-believe and magical thinking, preschool children satisfy their curiosity about differences in the world around them. The preschooler uses transduction when reasoning: he or she extrapolates from a particular situation to another, even though the events may be unrelated.

The school nurse knows that school-age children are developing metalinguistic awareness. Which is an example of this skill? Question options: The child enjoys reading books The child enjoys conversations with peers. The child enjoys speaking on the phone. The child enjoys telling jokes

The child enjoys telling jokes Feedback Language skills continue to accelerate during the school-age years. School-age children develop metalinguistic awareness-an ability to think about language and comment on its properties. This enables them to enjoy jokes and riddles due to their understanding of double meanings and play on words and sounds.

The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old boy who has missed some developmental milestones. Which finding will point to the cause of motor skills delays? Question options: The mother is suffering from depression The child is homeless and has no toys The mother describes an inadequate diet The child is unperturbed by a loud noise.

The child is homeless and has no toys FEEDBACK:Children develop through play, so a child without any toys may have trouble developing the motor skills appropriate to his age. Maternal depression is at risk factor for poor cognitive development. inadequate die twill cause growth deficiencies. A child who does not respond to a loud noise probably has hearing loss, which will lead to a language deficit.

The nurse is teaching a new mother about the development of sensory skills in her newborn. What would alert the mother to a sensory deficit in her child? Question options: The newborn's eyes wander and occasionally cross. The newborn does not respond to loud noise> The newborn's eyes focus on near objects The newborn becomes more alert with stroking when drowsy

The newborn does not respond to loud noise> FEEDBACK:Through hearing should be fully developed at birth the other senses continue to develop as the infant matures. the newborn should respond to noises, Sight , smell, taste, and touch all continue to develop after birth. the newborn's eyes wander and occasionally cross, and the newborn is nearsighted, preferring to view objects at a distance of 8-15 inches. Holding , stoking, rocking, and cuddling calm infants when they are upset and make them more alert when they are drowsy

The nurse is testing the sensory development of a toddler brought to the clinic for a well visit. What might alert the nurse to a potential problem with the child's sensory development? Question options: The toddler places the nurse's stethoscope in his mouth The toddler's vision tests at 20/50 The toddler does not respond to commands whispered in his ear The toddler's taste discrimination is not at adult levels yet.

The toddler does not respond to commands whispered in his ear FEEDBACK: Hearing should be at the adult level, as infants are ordinarily born with hearing intact, Therefore, the toddler should hear commands whispered in his ear. Toddles examine new items by feeling them, looking at them, shaking them to hear what sound they make, smelling them, and placing them in their mouths. Toddler vision continues to progress and should be 20/50 to 20/40 on both eyes. though taste discrimination is not completely developed, toddlers may exhibit preferences for certain flavors of foods

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 3-year-old girl. What finding would be a concern for the nurse? Question options: The toddler gained 4 lb. in weight since last year The toddler gained 3 in. in height since last year. The toddlers anterior fontanel is not fully closed The circumference of the child's head increased 1 in. since last year

The toddlers anterior fontanel is not fully closed FEEDBACK:The anterior fontanel should be closed by the time the child is 18 months old. The average toddler weight gain is 3-5 lb. per year. Length/height increases by an average of 3 in per year. Head circumference increases about 1 inch from when the child is between 1 and 2 years of age, then increases an average of a half inch per year until age 5.

The parents of a preschooler express concern to the nurse about about their son's new habit of masturbating. What is an appropriate response to this concern? Question options: Tell the child in a firm manner that this behavior is not acceptable When the child displays this behavior, place him in a "time-out" Treat the action in a matter-of-fact manner emphasizing safety Consult a psychotherapist to determine the reason for this behavior

Treat the action in a matter-of-fact manner emphasizing safety FEEDBACK:Masturbation is a healthy and natural part of normal preschool development if it occurs in moderation. If the parent overreacts to this behavior, then it may occur more frequently. Masturbation should be treated in a matter-of-fact way by the parent. The child needs to learn certain rules about this activity: nudity and masturbation are not acceptable in public. The child should also be taught safety first: no other person can touch the private parts unless it is the parent, healthcare provider, or nurse checking to see when something is wrong.

The nurse is caring for a premature baby in the NICU. The mother reports that the infant's normally happy and outgoing 5-year-old sister is acting sad and withdrawn. The nurse understands that due to her developmental stage, the girl is at risk of what happening? Question options: Viewing her baby sister's illness as her fault Harming the baby Experiencing clinical depression Creating an imaginary friend to cope with the situation

Viewing her baby sister's illness as her fault FEEDBACK:Since the preschool child is facing the psychosocial task of initiative versus guilt, it is natural for the child to experience guilt when something goes wrong. The child may have a strong belief that if someone is ill or dying, he or she may be at fault and the illness or death is punishment. It is less likely that the girl would be at risk of harming the baby or experiencing clinical depression as a result of the baby's illness. The child may create an imaginary friend friend to cope with the illness, but would not withdraw or express sadness as a result of the imaginary friend