Peds: Unit 4 PrepU
Which finding would lead the nurse to suspect that a child is experiencing moderate dehydration?
sunken fontantels (fontanelles)
A group of students are reviewing information about fluid balance and losses in children in comparison to adults. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they state that:
the infant's immature kidneys have a tendency to overconcentrate urine.
The newborn was diagnosed with esophageal atresia and a nasogastric tube was inserted. Which findings are most consistent with this condition? Select all that apply.
-The newborn coughed excessively during attempts to feed. -Coarse crackles were auscultated throughout all lung fields. -X-ray revealed that the nasogastric tube was coiled in the upper esophagus.
The nurse is monitoring the urinary output of 3-year-old child admitted with a severe burn. The child weighs 44 lb (20 kg). Which would be a desirable and adequate urinary output for this child?
1 to 2 ml/kg/hr
The nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with the caregiver of a child diagnosed with celiac disease. The caregivers make the following statements. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching regarding the dietary restrictions for the child with celiac disease?
"She loves hot dogs, and we always cut hers up into small pieces."
The nurse is talking with a woman in her second trimester of pregnancy who has been diagnosed with polyhydramnios. The physician has ordered an ultrasound be performed to check for the presence of esophageal atresia. Which statement by the woman indicates an understanding of the relationship between these conditions?
"Babies with esophageal atresia have an inability to swallow amniotic fluid causing the excess buildup."
An adolescent is seen in the clinic with a first-degree (superficial) burn. Which instruction(s) will the nurse provide for initial care of the burn? Select all that apply.
"Cleanse the burn with cool water." "Apply a clean, non-adhering dressing." "Take ibuprofen for pain every 4 to 6 hours."
The nurse is caring for a 6-month-old with a cleft lip and palate. The mother of the child demonstrates understanding of the disorder with which statements? Select all that apply.
"I know my baby takes a lot longer to feed than most children this age." "It really worries me that my baby may have some other disorders that haven't been detected yet." "I wonder if my baby will develop speech problems when language development begins?" "Thankfully there are doctors that specialize in correcting this type of disorder."
The nurse is providing discharge teaching regarding oral fluid rehydration to a mother who brought her child to the clinic because of vomiting over the past 2 days. The child is mildly dehydrated. Which comments by the mother indicated learning occurred?
"I should not give my child any fluids for 1 to 2 hours after an episode of vomiting." "Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are good sources of fluids for rehydration." "I should be sure my child receives 50 to 100 ml/kg of oral rehydration solution (ORS) over 4 hours."
The infant is listless with sunken fontanels (fontanelles) and has been diagnosed with dehydration. The infant is still producing at least 1 mL/kg each hour of urine. The infant weighs 13.2 lb (6 kg). At the minimum, how many milliliters of urine will the infant produce during the next 8-hour shift? Record your answer using a whole number.
48
The nurse is teaching an in-service program to a group of nurses on the topic of gastrointestinal disorders. The nurses in the group make the following statements. Which statement is most accurate related to the diagnosis of congenital aganglionic megacolon?
A partial or complete intestinal obstruction occurs.
A child is diagnosed with intussusception. The nurse anticipates that what action would be attempted first to reduce this condition?
Barium enema
A 7-year-old boy has experienced repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs). His older sister also experienced repeated UTIs and was diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux, a condition that tends to appear in families. Therefore, the nurse suspects this same condition in this client. Which diagnostic tests would confirm this suspicion?
Cystoscopy
A parent brings a 2-year-old child to the health clinic with reports of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The father tells the nurse that he is a single parent and his child is enrolled in a local day care center. Based on this information, what gastrointestinal condition might the nurse suspect?
Gastroenteritis
The parents of a 6-week-old boy come to the clinic for evaluation because the infant has been vomiting. The parents report that the vomiting has been increasing in frequency and forcefulness over the last week. The mother says, "Sometimes, it seems like it just bursts out of his mouth." A diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is suspected. When performing the physical examination, what would the nurse most likely find?
Hard, moveable, olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant
A child is hospitalized with dehydration as a result of rotavirus. When reviewing the plan of treatment, what can the nurse anticipate will be included? Select all that apply.
IV fluid administration monitor of intake and output daily weight assessment
A 9-month-old girl is brought to the emergency room with what appears to be bouts of intense abdominal pain 15 minutes apart in which she draws up her legs and cries, often accompanied by vomiting. In between the bouts, the child recovers and appears to be without symptoms. Blood is found in the stool. What condition should the nurse suspect in this case?
Intussusception
The nurse is planning an educational program on burn prevention at home. Which information should be included? Select all that apply.
Keep pot handles turned in on a stove. Test bath water temperature before bathing children. Teach children to "stop, drop and roll" if their clothes catch on fire.
A 2-year-old child is brought to the urgent care center for treatment of burns on both hands. The parent reports that the child pulled the coffee pot over and the hot liquid splashed on to the child's hands. The nurse examines the child and notes that the backs of the hands are reddened with a well-defined line of demarcation at the wrists. Several medium to large blisters are also present. What initial action should the nurse take?
Make arrangements to transfer the child to the hospital.
The child is on strict I&O. What is best nursing action to achieve an accurate intake andoutput on this child?
Measure urine in a urinal, stool in a specipan, measure all liquids taken p.o.
In caring for an infant diagnosed with pyloric stenosis the nurse would anticipate which intervention?
Prepare the infant for surgery.
When starting the IV and IVF, what is the immediate goal of therapy?
Restoration of the intravascular fluid volume
The nurse is caring for a child admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. Which clinical manifestation would likely have been noted in the child with this diagnosis?
Tea-colored urine
What occurs in the gastrointestinal system of the child with Hirschsprung disease?
There is a partial or complete mechanical obstruction in the intestine.
A nurse is providing education to parents of a child diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Which would be included in the parental education?
This occurs when there is backflow of urine into the bladder and sometimes the kidneys.
In caring for a child with nephrotic syndrome, which intervention will be included in the child's plan of care?
Weighing on the same scale each day
An 8-year-old client presents with sudden onset of abdominal pain and reddish-brown urine. A urinalysis shows 4+ protein. On taking the child's health history, the nurse learns that the child had strep throat 9 days ago. Which condition does the nurse suspect?
acute glomerulonephritis
The labor and delivery nurse is caring for a mother who has demonstrated polyhydramnios upon delivery. The newborn displays copious, frothy bubbles of mucus in the mouth and nose, as well as drooling. The nurse is concerned that the infant has what disorder?
esophageal atresia
A nurse taking a health history of a newborn notes that there is a maternal history of polyhydramnios. What GI condition might this history precipitate?
esophageal atresia (EA)
The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child with a gastrointestinal infection resulting in 4 to 5 liquid stools per day over the past 3 days. Based on this information, which important concern(s) will the nurse address in the child's care? Select all that apply.
fluid deficiency risk: dehydration diarrhea and loss of electrolytes the risk for skin maceration in the perineum
A child has been admitted to the acute care facility for the management of dehydration. The nurse is preparing to administer IV fluid replacement to the child. Which fluid(s) is suitable for use? Select all that apply.
lactated Ringer's normal saline
After teaching the parents of a child diagnosed with celiac disease about nutrition, the nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the parents identify which food(s) as appropriate for their child? Select all that apply.
peanut butter carbonated drinks shellfish jelly
A mother is alarmed because her 6-week-old boy has begun vomiting almost immediately after every feeding. In the past week, the vomiting has grown more forceful, with the vomit projecting several feet from his mouth. He is always hungry again just after vomiting. At the physician's office, the nurse holds the child and offers him a bottle. While he drinks, the nurse notes an olive-size lump in his right abdomen. Which condition should the nurse suspect in this child?
pyloric stenosis
A child diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis will most likely have a history of:
recent illness such as strep throat.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about celiac disease. The students demonstrate understanding of this disorder when they identify which classic symptoms? Select all that apply.
steatorrhea constipation diarrhea failure to thrive
The caregiver of a child diagnosed with celiac disease tells the nurse that the child has large amounts of bulky stools and what looks like fat in the stools. The clinical manifestation this caregiver is describing is:
steatorrhea.
