Pelvis - Gross anatomy

ischial tuberosity

"Butt Bone"

Epididymis

"swimming school" This is a holding area for sperm after they achieve full motility (learn to swim)

external anal sphincter

(no image) skeletal muscle structure 2nd (last) sphincter on way out of the rectum overrides the defecation reflux

internal anal sphincter

(no image) smooth muscle structure first sphincter on the way out of the rectum part of defecation reflex

wall of rectum

(no image) smooth muscle structure, part of the rectum involved in defecation reflex

Broad ligament

(tricky picture) Has 3 parts Name of the structure observed when the peritoneum covers the uterus and adnexa

fructose

1 of 2 things produced by seminal vesicles and added to the semen Form of energy for semen

Prostaglandins

1 of 2 things produced by seminal vesicles and added to the semen These dilate the cervix

mesovarium

1 of 3 parts of the broad ligament Attaches to the ovaries

mesometrium

1 of 3 parts of the broad ligament Attaches to the sides of the uterus

mesosalpinx

1 of 3 parts of the broad ligament Attaches to uterine tubes

Prostate cancer

1. Old age 2. Being black 3. Family history 4. Obesity Factors that increase your risk of _______

perineal membrane

2 bulb sits on top of this

vagina

21 this structures canal extends inferiorly from the uterus and links up with the cervix to form the fornix

rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

23 Formed by the reflection of peritoneum off the rectum and onto the (posterior) uterus It is in this area that unwanted fluid will collect in the pelvis - this can be painful, so patient will be placed in lithotomy position so fluid drains to this area, then fluid will be removed with needle passed through the posterior fornix

crus of penis (crura)

4 1 of the 3 erectile columns of the penis before they merge into the corpora cavernosa

urinary bladder

5 outlined with detrusor muscle, just like the males

pampiniform plexus

5 the extension of the testicular vein that enters the testicle one of the 3 things within the spermatic cord

Fallopian tube (uterine tube)

Area where fertilization occurs

suspensory ligament (misnomer, these are called "ligaments", but are actually blood vessels)

Asterisk Blood vessels of the ovaries under the peritoneum (they are a misnomer)

detrusor

B smooth muscle muscle when contracted, urine pushed toward/out the urethra

fimbriae

Be VERY specific These sweep up the oocyte that are produced and released by the ovary

Bulb of vestibule

Comprised of erectile tissue Fills with blood to compress the vestibular region

perineum

Diamond shaped region demarcated by lines connecting the pubic symposia, ischial tuberosities and coccyx

prostate

Ejaculatory ducts empty into this Used by urinary and reproductive system Produces: - citric acid (nutrients for sperm health) - seminalplasmin (natural antibiotic) - prostate specific antigen (liquefies semen) (PSA)

bulb

F attaches/sits on top of perennial membrane

tunica albuginea

F the layer of white, dense connective tissue leads/creates rigidity in penis during erection very thin around the corpus spongiosum, which keeps the urethra from being compressed

vesicouterine pouch

Formed by the reflection of peritoneum off the bladder and the (anterior) uterus 3

Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

Liquefies semen Produced by prostate gland

male urinary bladder

N located immediately posterior to the pubic bones receives urine from ureters

3

Number of columns of erectile tissue

vestibule

On the bottom left side, second line up This space is bordered by the labia minora

Body of the clitoris

On the top left side, 2nd line down from the top left

Glans of the clitoris

On the top left side, 3rd line down from the top

Labia minora

On the top right side, 2nd line from the top This structure borders the vestibule

ovary

Produce female gazettes Release oocyte to be swept up by the fimbria

Greater vestibular glands

Produce sexual lubricant

seminalplasmin

Produced by prostate gland Natural antibiotic

Citric acid

Produced by prostate gland Nutrients for sperm health

BPH (Benign prosthetic hypertrophy)

Prostate enlarges due to old age and makes it hard to pee

true

T or F in order to store urine in the bladder, the internal urethral sphincter constricts and the detrusor relaxes. (as part of the micturition reflex)

false

T or F males and females have different urinary and defecation methods when it comes to detrusor, internal/external urethral sphincters, micturition reflex, wall of the rectum, internal/external anal sphincters, and defecation reflex

zygote

Term for a fertilized egg

mesosalphinx, mesovarium, mesometrium

The 3 parts of the broad ligament

Labia majora

Top right line

true

True or false Females are more susceptible to urinary tract infections than males

False (the ilEum is a segment of the SI, the Ilium is part of the pelvis)

True or false: The ileum is part of the pelvis

true

True or false: You can have increased PSA (prostate-specific antigen) and still not have cancer. (side note - PSA is measured using blood test)

Penile urethra

Used by reproductive system and urinary system

pubis

also called the "pubic bone" one of the 3 bones that fuses to form the acetablum also articulates with the ischium to form: - ischiopubic ramus also articulates with itself (right and left) to form - pubic symphysis

pubic symphysis

articulation of the: - 2 pubis (pubic bones)

false pelvis

considered to be part of the abdominal cavity

true pelvis

contains the pelvic organs

spermatic chord

contains: - ductus deferens - testicular artery - pampiniform plexus

ischiopubic ramus

formed by articulation of: - pubis and ischium the 2 opposing rami form the: - infrapubic arch, which has an acute angle in males and an obtuse angle in females

fornix

forms due to the vaginal canal extending inferiorly from the uterus and linking up with the cervix - this structure is the most superior part of the vaginal canal

sacroiliac joint

forms from the articulation of: - ilium and sacrum

ductus deferens

has a thick muscular wall that propels sperm cells into the pelvis one of the 3 structures in the spermatic cord courses posterior to the bladder - is superior to the seminal vesicles on the posterior side joins with seminal vesicle to form: -ejaculatory duct

Female urethra

has an internal and external sphincter (just like the males)

epididymis

holding area for sperm where they achieve full motility - (swimming school)

defecation reflex

how a newborn stores and releases feces until they are potty trained (before they know how to contract their external anal sphincter)

micturition reflex

how a newborn stores and releases urine until they are potty trained (before they know how to contract their external urethral sphincter)

seminal vesicle

joins with the ductus deferens to form: - ejaculatory duct produces: - fructose (for E) - prostaglandins (dilates cervix) both of these are added to semen

levator ani

largest muscle in the floor of the pelvis

seminiferous tubules

location where sperm cells are produced (which begins after puberty)

fundus

most superior part of the uterus

infrapubic arch

no image formed by the ischiopubic rami of the pelvis acute angle in males obtuse in females

Cremaster muscle

on the outer surface of the testis and spermatic cord Responds to temperature change by contracting and relaxing When it's hot out: relaxes When cold out: contracts

ischium

one of the 3 bones that fuses to form the acetablum also articulates with pubis (pubic bone) to form: - ischiopubic ramus

ilium

one of the 3 bones that fuses to form the acetalum also articulates with sacrum to form: - sacroiliac joint

corpus spongiosum

one of the 3 columns of erectile tissue takes on this term once the bulb reaches the corpora cavernosa

corpora cavernosa

one of the 3 columns of erectile tissue of the penis it is the area where the crura fuse

scrotum

outpouch of abdominal wall

external urethral sphincter

skeletal muscle structure learning to contract this muscle = potty training

internal urethral sphincter

smooth muscle structure this is contracted when the detrusor is relaxed it relaxes when the detrusor contracts

ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus

structures that make up the spermatic cord (separated by commas)

pap-smear

swabbing the cervix and looking at the cells for cancerous/precancerous changes

acetablum

the "cup" this is formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis during skeletal maturation articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, crura

the 3 erectile columns of the penis

adnexa

the collective group term for the 3 structures attached to the superior aspect of the uterus (on either side) - ovary - round ligament - uterine tube (fallopian tube) (essentially the 3 appendages of the uterus)

Shorter (this is why women are more susceptible to UTI's)

the female urethra is much _____ than the male's

ischiopubic rami

these bones of the pelvis are make up the infrapubic arch

ilium, ischium, pubis

these three bones fuse during skeletal maturation to form the acetablum (separated by commas)

testicular artery

tough picture brings oxygenated blood to the testis one of the 3 structures within the spermatic cord

false (you can have normal PSA levels, and still have prostate cancer. You can also have high PSA levels and not have prostate cancer)

true or false you are guaranteed to not have prostate cancer, so long as you have a normal PSA level

true

true or false: in order to store feces in the rectum, the internal anal sphincter constricts and the muscular wall of the rectum relaxes. (as part of the defecation reflex)

false (the urethra is used for both the urinary and reproductive systems for males, not females)

true or false: the female urethra is used for both the urinary and reproductive systems

true

true or false: the right and left side of the pelvis move independently

cancer and BPH

what are the 2 causes/ways that would explain an increase in the size of the prostate? (separated by "and")

cervix

where a pap smear is taken Also where sperm cells are deposited

2

which pelvis is female? (put the number)

1

which pelvis is male? (put the number)