Penny Abdomen Review, Davies Abdomen

Which hepatic mass is closely associated with oral contraceptive use? a. hepatic adenoma b. hepatic hypernephroma c. hepatic hamartoma d. hepatic hemangioma

a. hepatic adenoma

Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in all of the following locations except: a. liver b. renal pelvis c. urinary bladder d. ureter

a. liver

What structure is a useful landmark for identifying the gallbladder? a. main lobar fissure b. hepatoduodenal ligament c. falciform ligament d. ligamentum venosum

a. main lobar fissure

The left lobe of the liver can be divided into: a. medial and lateral segments b. medial and posterior segments c. anterior and medial segments d. anterior and posterior segments

a. medial and lateral segments

The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the: a. medial and lateral segments of the left lobe b. medial and posterior segments of the right lobe c. anterior and medial segments of the left lobe d. anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe

a. medial and lateral segments of the left lobe

Which statement is not true of cholelithiasis? a. men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis b. patients who have been or are pregnany have an increased occurrence of cholelithiasis c. a rapid weight loss may increase the likelihood of developing cholelithiasis d. patients who have hemolytic disorders have an increased occurrence of cholelithiasis

a. men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis

Hartmann pouch involves which part of the gallbladder: a. neck b. fundus c. body d. phrygian cap

a. neck

The junctional fold is found at which level of the gallbladder: a. neck b. fundus c. body d. phrygian cap

a. neck

A gastrinoma would most likely be discovered in the: a. pancreas b. adrenal gland c. stomach d. spleen

a. pancreas

Courvoisier's gallbladder is associated with which of the following: a. pancreatic head mass b. stone in the cystic duct c. cholecystitis d. chronic diverticulitis

a. pancreatic head mass

The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as: a. papillary process b. focal hepatomegaly c. reidel lobe d. morison lobe

a. papillary process

These potential spaces extend alongside the ascending and descending colon on both sides of the abdomen: a. paracolic gutters b. periumbilical gutters c. greater gutters d. suprapubic gutters

a. paracolic gutters

The most common variant of gallbladder shape is the: a. phrygian cap b. hartmann pouch c. septated gallbladder d. junctional fold

a. phrygian cap (Davies says junctional fold is most common)

Air within the biliary tree is referred to as: a. pneumobilia b. cholangitis c. choledocholithiasis d. cholesterolosis

a. pneumobilia

All of the following are clinical findings of hepatocellular carcinoma except: a. reduction in alpha-fetoprotein b. unexplained weight loss c. fever d. cirrhosis

a. reduction in alpha-fetoprotein

The right intersegmental fissure contains the: a. right hepatic vein b. middle hepatic vein c. left portal vein d. right portal vein

a. right hepatic vein

What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract? a. estrogen b. cholecystokinin c. bilirubin d. biliverdin

b. cholecystokinin

The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the: a. fibromuscular layer b. mucosal layer c. serosal layer d. muscularis layer

b. mucosal layer

A Wilms tumor may also be referred to as a: a. neuroblastoma b. nephroblastoma c. hepatoblastoma d. hepatoma

b. nephroblastoma

Which of the following is true concerning the portal veins? a. portal veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the liver b. portal veins have brighter walls than hepatic veins c. portal veins should demonstrate hepatofugal flow d. portal veins increase in diameter as they approach the diaphragm

b. portal veins have brighter walls than hepatic veins

The artifact most commonly encountered posterior to a gallstone is: a. acoustic enhancement b. shadowing c. ring down d. reverberation

b. shadowing

A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often associated with cancer is termed: a. transudate ascites b. peritoneal ascites c. exudate ascites d. chromaffin ascites

c. exudate ascites

A nonmobile, nonshadowing focus is seen within the gallbladder lumen. This most likely represents a: a. gallstone b. gallbladder carcinoma c. gallbladder polyp d. sludge ball

c. gallbladder polyp

The hepatoblastoma is a: a. benign tumor of the pediatric liver b. malignant tumor of the adult liver c. malignant tumor of the pediatric liver d. malignant tumor of the pediatric adrenal gland

c. malignant tumor of the pediatric liver

Which of the following is the most common form of liver cancer? a. hepatocellular carcinoma b. adenocarcinoma c. metastatic liver disease d. hepatoblastoma

c. metastatic liver disease

Which of the following is not a pediatric malignant mass? a. hepatoblastoma b. neuroblastoma c. pheochromocytoma d. nephroblastoma

c. pheochromocytoma

A toungelike extension of the right lobe of the liver is termed: a. papillary lobe b. focal hepatomegaly c. reidel lobe d. morison lobe

c. reidel lobe

Sonographically, when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is indicative ofL a. portal vein thrombosis b. metastatic liver disease c. primary liver carcinoma d. fatty liver disease

d. fatty liver disease

The left portal vein divides into: a. middle, left, and right branches b. left and right branches c. anterior and posterior branches d. medial and lateral branches

d. medial and lateral branches

Which of the following is not considered retroperitoneal? a. abdominal lymph nodes b. kidneys c. adrenal glands d. ovaries

d. ovaries

A tumor that consists of tisue from all three germ cell layers is the: a. pheochromocytoma b. oncocytoma c. choriocarcinoma d. teratoma

d. teratoma

Normal flow toward the liver in the portal veins is termed: a. hepatopetal b. hepatofugal

a. hepatopetal

The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed: a. 8 cm b. 5 cm c. 7 mm d. 3 cm

b. 5 cm

The merging point of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct at the level of duodenum is referred to as the: a. sphincter of Oddi b. Ampulla of Vater c. common bile duct d. cystic duct

b. ampulla of vater

The spiral valves of Heister are found within the: a. gallbladder neck b. cystic duct c. gallbladder fundus d. gallbladder wall

b. cystic duct

Tumefactive sludge can resemble the sonographic appearance of: a. cholelithiasis b. gallbladder carcinoma c. cholecystitis d. adenomyomatosis

b. gallbladder carcinoma

What is/are cholelithiasis? a. inflammation of the gallbladder b. gallstones c. hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall d. stones within the biliary tree

b. gallstones

Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess development within the gallbladder wall describes: a. emphysematous cholecystitis b. gangrenous cholecystitis c. chronic cholecystitis d. gallbladder perforation

b. gangrenous cholecystitis

All of the following are sequela of cirrhosis except: a. portal vein thrombosis b. hepatic artery enlargement c. portal hypertension d. splenomegaly

b. hepatic artery enlargement

Right-sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the: a. abdominal aorta b. inferior vena cava and hepatic veins c. inferior vena cava and portal veins d. portal veins and spleen

b. inferior vena cava and hepatic veins

The main portal vein divides into: a. middle, left, and right branches b. left and right branches c. anterior and posterior branches d. medial and lateral branches

b. left and right branches

The space located beding the liver and stomach, and posterior to the pancreas is the: a. hepatosplenic space b. lesser sac c. greater sac d. supraduodenal space

b. lesser sac

The left love of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by: a. right hepatic vein b. middle hepatic vein c. left hepatic vein d. falciform ligament

b. middle hepatic vein

Primary biliary tree cancer is referred to as: a. gallbladder carcinoma b. biloma c. cholangiocarcinoma d. lymphangioma

c. cholangiocarcinoma

Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in: a. emphysematous cholecystitis b. gangrenous cholecystitis c. chronic cholecystitis d. acute cholecystitis

c. chronic cholecystitis

The yellowish staining of the whites of the eyes and the skin secondary to a liver disorder or biliary obstruction is referred to as: a. AIDS cholangitis b. pruritis c. jaundice d. bilirubinemia

c. jaundice

The cystic artery is a branch of the: a. main pancreatic artery b. celiac artery c. right hepatic artery d. left hepatic artery

c. right hepatic artery

The right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the: a. middle lobar fissure b. middle hepatic vein c. right hepatic vein d. left hepatic vein

c. right hepatic vein

The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the: a. fibromuscular layer b. mucosal layer c. serosal layer d. muscularis layer

c. serosal layer

The diameter of the portal vein should not exceed: a. 4 mm b. 8 mm c. 10 mm d. 13 mm

d. 13 mm

A congenital disease in which there is narrowing or obliteration of the bile ducts is referred to as: a. caroli disease b. mirizzi disease c. choledochal cysts d. biliary atresia

d. biliary atresia

Immunocompromised patients are more prone to develop what form of hepatic abnormality? a. hepatic adenoma b. amebic abscess c. hydatid liver abscess d. candidiasis

d. candidiasis

Inflammation of the bile ducts is referred to as: a. pneumobilia b. choledocholithiasis c. cholelithiasis d. cholangitis

d. cholangitis

The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the : a. cholangiocarcinoma b. teratoma c. yolk sac tumor d. chroriocarcinoma

d. chroriocarcinoma

The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the : a. cholecystic artery b. common hepatic artery c. main portal vein d. cystic artery

d. cystic artery

The spiral valves of Heister are located within the: a. common bile duct b. pancreatic duct c. common hepatic duct d. cystic duct

d. cystic duct

A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the: a. hematoma b. hemangioma c. lymphoma d. granuloma

d. granuloma

Which of the following lab values would be most helpful in evaluating a patient with recent trauma? a. white blood cell count b. a- fetoprotein c. blood urea nitrogen d. hematocrit

d. hematocrit

The oncocytoma is a mass noted more commonly in the: a. liver b. adrenal glands c. pancreas d. kidneys

d. kidneys

Shortly after birth, the ductus venosus collapses and becomes the: a. falciform ligament b. main lobar fissure c. ligamentum teres d. ligamentum venosum

d. ligamentum venosum

Focal tenderness over the gallbladder with probe pressure describes: a. Murphy sign b. Strawberry sign c. Courvoisier sign d. Hydrops signs

a. Murphy sign

The Klatskin tumor is located: a. at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts b. at the junction of the cystic and common bile duct c. at the junction of the common bile duct and common hepatic duct d. between the pancreatic head and duodenum

a. at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

The term cholangiocarcinoma denotes: a. bile duct carcinoma b. hepatic carcinoma c. pancreatic carcinoma d. splenic carcinoma

a. bile duct carcinoma

A gallstone located within the biliary tree is referred to as: a. cholecystitis b. choledocholithiasis c. cholangitis d. cholangiocarcinoma

b. choledocholithiasis

Which of the following is not considered an intraperitoneal organ? a. liver b. pancrease c. gallbladder d. spleen

b. pancreas

An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in: a. rectum b. gallbladder c. spleen d. pancreas

c. spleen

Of the list below, which is considered to be a malignant testicular neoplasm? a. neuroblastoma b. hepatoma c. yolk sac tumor d. hamartoma

c. yolk sac tumor

A 32-year-old female patient presents to the sonography department with vague abdominal pain. The sonographic investigation of the gallbladder reveals a focal area of gallbladder wall thickening that produces a come tail artifact. These findings are associated with: a. gangrenous cholecystitis b. gallbladder perforation c. acalculous cholecystitis d. adenomyomatosis

d. adenomyomatosis

The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in: a. kidney b. liver c. testicle d. adrenal gland

d. adrenal gland

All of the following are sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except: a. benign ascites b. hepatitis c. congestive heart failure d. gallbladder polyp

d. gallbladder polyp

Of the list below, which is considered to be an intraperitoneal organ? a. left kidney b. aorta c. IVC d. liver

d. liver

The hepatoma is a: a. benign tumor of the spleen b. benign tumor of the liver c. malignant tumor of the pancreas d. malignant tumor of the liver

d. malignant tumor of the liver

Clinical findings of fatty infiltration of the liver include: a. elevated liver function tests b. fever c. fatigue d. weight loss

a. elevated liver function tests

The sequela of acute cholecystitis that is complicated by gas within the gallbladder wall is: a. emphysematous cholecystitis b. membranous cholecystitis c. chronic cholecystitis d. gallbladder perforation

a. emphysematous cholecystitis

The sequela of acute cholecystitis that is found more often in diabetic patients is a. emphysematous cholecystitis b. gangrenous cholecystitis c. chronic cholecystitis d. gallbladder perforation

a. emphysematous cholecystitis

The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the: a. fibromuscular layer b. mucosal layer c. serosal layer d. muscularis layer

a. fibromuscular layer

The covering of the liver is referred to as: a. glisson capsule b. gerotas fascia c. morisons pouch d. hepatic fascia

a. glisson capsule

A tumor that consists of a focal collection of blood best describes the: a. hematoma b. hemangioma c. hamartoma d. hepatoma

a. hematoma

All of the followign are sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening except: a. malignant ascites b. AIDS c. hepatits d. adenomyomatosis

a. malignant ascites

Which of the following lab values would be most helpful in evaluating a patient with an infection? a. white blood cell count b. a- fetoprotein c. blood urea nitrogen d. hematocrit

a. white blood cell count

This common tumor of the kidney consists of blood vessels, muscle, and fat a. hemangioma b. angiomyolipoma c. oncocytoma d. pheochromocytoma

b. angiomyolipoma

The insulinoma is a: a. malignant pediatric adrenal tumor b. benign pancreatic tumor c. malignant pancreatic tumor d. benign liver tumor

b. benign pancreatic tumor

The main lobar fissure contains the: a. right hepatic vein b. middle hepatic vein c. main portal vein d. right portal vein

b. middle hepatic vein

A patient presents with jaundice, pain, and fever, secondary to an impacted stone in the cystic duct. This is referred to as: a. caroli syndrome b. mirizzi syndrome c. choledochal cysts d. biliary atresia

b. mirizzi syndrome

WES sign denotes: a. the presence of a gallstone lodged in the cystic duct b. multiple biliary stones and biliary dilatation c. a gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis d. the sonographic sign of a porcelain gallbladder

c. a gallbladder filled with cholelithiasis

Cholesterol crystals within the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are found with: a. acute cholecystitis b. Acalculous cholecystitis c. adenomyomatosis d. gallbladder perforation

c. adenomyomatosis

The pheochromocytoma is a benign mass commonly located in: a. testicle b. thyroid gland c. adrenal gland d. liver

c. adrenal gland

The most common cause of cirrhosis is: a. portal hypertension b. hepatitis c. alcoholism d. cholangitis

c. alcoholism

The right portal vein divides into: a. middle, left, and right branches b. left and right branches c. anterior and posterior branches d. medial and lateral branches

c. anterior and posterior branches

A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles, describes: a. mirror image artifact b. posterior shadowing c. comet tail artifact d. ring-down artifact

c. comet tail artifact

A 71-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with painless jaundice and an enlarged, palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for: a. Acute cholecystitis b. chronic cholecystitis c. courvoisier gallbladder d. porcelain gallbladder

c. courvoisier gallbladder

The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the: a. common hepatic duct b. common bile duct c. cystic duct d. right hepatic duct

c. cystic duct

A benign tumor than consists primarily of blood vessels best describes: a. adenocarcinoma b. oncocytoma c. hemangioma d. lymphoma

c. hemangioma

Budd-Chiari syndrome leads to reduction in the size of the: a. hepatic arteries b. portal veins c. hepatic veins d. common bile duct

c. hepatic veins

The left umbilical vein after birth becomes the: a. falciform ligament b. main lobar fissure c. ligamentum teres d. ligamentum venosum

c. ligamentum teres

The gallbladder wall should measure no more than: a. 5 mm b. 6 mm c. 4 mm d. 3 mm

d. 3 mm

The right lobe of the liver can be divided into: a. medial and lateral segments b. medial and posterior segments c. anterior and medial segments d. anterior and posterior segments

d. anterior and posterior segments

All of the following are located within the porta hepatis except: a. main portal vein b. common bile duct c. hepatic artery d. middle hepatic veins

d. middle hepatic veins

Clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following except: a. jaundice b. fever c. chills d. pericholecystic fluid

d. pericholecystic fluid

The hypernephroma may also be referred to as: a. nephroblastoma b. neuroblastoma c. hepatocellular carcinoma d. renal cell carcinoma

d. renal cell carcinoma