Perception Quiz

What is an operant conditioning procedure that involves reinforcing the last of a specific number of responses

fixed ratio

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of

similarity

The branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind is called

cognitive psychology

Using behavior to infer mental processes is the basic principle of

cognitive psychology

Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?

Analytic introspection

Who proposed that children's language development was caused by imitation and behavioral reinforcement?

B.F. Skinner

According to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information. It is involved in many different cognitive skills. Which of the following is not one of those skills as noted by the chapter?

Experiencing neuromodulation

Stevie Allison enjoys playing football for his high school team. Stevie was not allowed to play football for three games when he got in a fight with a soccer player after school. Taking away the privilege of football to decrease fighting is an example of

Negative punishment

__________ procedures cause behaviors to decrease in probability or become less likely.

Punishment

Describe and differentiate sensation and perception.

Sensation is where we use our 5 senses in order to react to the world around us. Sensation can be better explained and identified with bottom- up processing. Using our senses to then send signals to our brain to react to certain situations. Perception on the other hand is basically a receipt of sensory information. This is identified with top-down processing, meaning that we act based on our prior knowledge on certain things, as well as using the environment around us to perceive information.

In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles?

Simplicity

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?

When someone easily identifies an object even though that object is unexpected in that context (e.g., identifying a telephone inside a refrigerator)

The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of processing.

bottom-up

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of

good continuation.

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

oblique effect.

According to the behaviorists, only the study of should be the emphasis of the science of psychology.

observable behavior

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

observable behavior

Speech segmentation is defined as

organizing the sounds of speech into individual words.

Analysis and identification of objects that can help guide our actions is called

perception

Behaviorists believe that the presentation of increases the frequency of behavior.

positive reinforcers

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of processing.

top-down