Perfusion - Quiz 4 Pathopsyiology

MI complications:

heart failure, arrhythmias

Stroke S/S:

hemiparesis, facial droop, contractures, visual impairments

Stroke risk factors:

age, family history, race/ethnicity, HTN, Smoking, cardiovascular disease

A client with persistent primary hypertension remains apathetic about having high blood pressure, stating "I do not feel sick, and it does not seem to be causing me any problems that I can tell." How would the nurse best respond to this client's statement?

"You may not sense any problems, but it really increases your risk of heart disease and stroke."

The nurse suspects a client has stage 2 systolic hypertension. What systolic pressure would confirm the nurse's suspicion?

140 mm Hg or higher

MI treatment:

A, B, C + medications and lifestyle modifications for long-term treatment

Shock treatment:

A,B,C + treatment depends on type

Which risk factor for the development of primary hypertension is nonmodifiable?

Black ethnicity

Shock clinical manifestations:

tachycardia, tachypnea, cool clammy extremities, cyanosis, poor urinary output

MI diagnostic criteria:

ECG/EKG, cardiac enzymes, echocardiography, chest radiograph

Hemorrhagic Stroke Primary risk factor:

HTN

Increased cardiac workload with left-sided heart failure can result in which change to the myocardial cells?

Hypertrophy

Heart failure risk factors and causes:

MI, HTN, dysrhythmias, diabetes, obesity

Stoke Diagnosis:

ST of head without contrast

Shock patho:

a condition of circulatory failure and impaired perfusion of vital organs

Stroke Patho:

any clinical event that leads to the impairment of cerebral function (brain circulation)

Stroke Treatment:

aspirin, thrombolytic therapy (within 3-4.5 hrs of symptoms), early rehab

Hemorrhagic

bleed in brain

The nurse is caring for a client who has just experienced an acute myocardial infractions (heart attack). Which type of shock is this client likely to experience?

cardiogenic

MI clinical manifestations:

chest pain or crushing pressure, often radiating to the left arm, shoulder, or jaw

Embolic

due to clot (clot forms in another location, breaks off and travels to brain artery)

Diastolic failure:

inability of heart muscle to relax in diastole and fill normally (stiff heart)

Systolic failure:

inability of heart muscles to contact normally and eject sufficient blood ("weak heart")

A 30 year old client arrives with these vital signs: Blood pressure 50/30 mm Hg, pulse 100 beats/min, respiratory rate 12 breaths/min, temperature 101 F (38.3 C). The nurse interprets these results as the client being in shock based on which reading?

low blood pressure

Hypertension treatment:

medication and lifestyle modifications

A client reports severe indigestion that has been intermittent; however the pain is now constant and feels like a vise. The nurse does a ECG and recognizes that the situation is possibly emergent due to ST-segment elevation, which could indicate:

myocardial infraction

Shock diagnostic criteria:

no one test is completely specific or sensitive for shock --> history + blood tests (depending on type of shock)

A teenager is diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse knows that risk factors for hypertension in children and adolescents include which of these? Select all that apply

obesity, high salt consumption, inactive lifestyle

Mycardio infraction patho:

occlusion of one or more coronary arteries resulting in ischemia and death of myocardial tissues (atherosclerosis is the most common cause: plaque in the blood vessels due to high cholesterol)

Hypertension clinical manifestations:

often asymptomatic, CNS changes (headache, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, fatigue) cardio changes, renal insufficiency

The nurse is assigned to care for a client with complete right sided hemiparesis from a stroke. Which characteristics are associated with this condition? Select all that apply

the client is aphasic the client has weakness on the right side of the body the client has weakness on the right side of face and tongue

The health care provider is reviewing lab results of a client diagnosed with heart failure. The provider notes that the client's ANP and BNP levels have been increasing and remain significantly elevated. These results would be interpreted as:

the condition is getting progressively worse

A client with a suspected MI is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. The nurse caring for this client would expect to receive an order for which laboratory test to confirm a diagnosis of MI?

troponin level

Right-sided Heart Failure symptoms:

cyanosis of nail beds, ascites (fluid build up), dependent edema

Right brain damage =

perception problems and impaired judgement

Heart failure treatment:

correct, if possible improve cardiac output reduce peripheral vesicular resistance

Which manifestation of left-sided heart failure can be diagnosed by examination of lips and mucous membranes?

cyanosis

Diagnosis of Heart Failure:

chest x-ray, echocardiogram, ECG, Blood tests: ANP and BNP

Heart Failure Patho:

clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair the ability of ventricles to fill or eject blood (heart unable to maintain sufficient CO to meet body needs)

Thrombotic

clot in brain (most common type of stroke in the brain)

Hypertension diagnostic criteria:

serial blood pressure measures over several months

Left brain damage =

speech, depression; more aware of deficits

Right vs left side:

stroke manifests on the opposite side