Perio Exam 2
For a patient with plaque-induced gingivitis, the hygienist usually may expect to record any of the following probing depths, EXCEPT:
6mm
The difference between a gingival pocket and a periodontal pocket is that:
A gingival pocket is a result of gingival enlargement, and a periodontal pocket is a result of apical migration of junctional epithelium and alveolar bone loss
According to the 2017 update to the AAP/EFA Periodontal Disease Classification System, whether a disease is biofilm induced depends on:
Amount of plaque present in sulci
Healthy tissue consistency includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Attached gingiva that attaches to underlying enamel
Gingivitis is distinguished from periodontitis by which of the following characteristics:
Attachment loss
Hygienists should be alert for signs of gingival inflammation. Which sign of inflammation usually is the FIRST sign seen clinically?
Bleeding on gentle probing
As long as stippling is clinically present in maxillary anterior teeth, tissues are considered healthy even with slight bleeding upon probing. If there is no tissue stippling, tissues are unhealthy.
Both statements are false
Dental clinicians may be the first to suspect a patient may have leukemia because of an unusual odor emanating from the oral cavity. In leukemia, gingival tissues become keratinized and appear pale pink and very thick.
Both statements are false
Gingivitis always progresses into periodontal disease. Gingivitis can be observed clinically as early as 1 day after cessation of oral self-care.
Both statements are false
In both photographs shown below, the visual clinical appearance suggests a healthy periodontium. In the second photograph, the probe depth reading of 7 mm reveals periodontitis, even though the tissue appears clinically healthy.
Both statements are true
It is possible for a patient to have gingivitis that is not caused by bacterial plaque. Gingivitis can be caused from an allergic reaction or fungal infection.
Both statements are true
The base of a suprabony pocket is located coronal to the alveolar crest. The base of an infrabony pocket is located below the alveolar crest.
Both statements are true
True or false? A probing depth reading of 4 mm does not necessarily mean the area has suffered bone loss. A probe depth reading of 1 to 3 mm is considered healthy.
Both statements are true
Gingival papillae that are enlarged and expand out of the interproximal spaces are described as:
Bulbous papilla
Gingivitis may cause tissue margins to move in what direction?
Coronal
Gingival papillae with a concave appearance are described as:
Cratered papilla
A GENERALIZED, pronounced overgrowth of the gingival tissue, first seen in the papillae of the anterior sextants is a common clinical characteristic of which of the following periodontal diseases?
Drug-influenced gingival enlargement
A disorder of the mucous membranes due to an allergic reaction or infection that includes swollen lips with extensive crust formation is termed:
Erythema multiforme
All of the following statements are considerations of healthy gingiva EXCEPT:
Flaccid gingival margin
All of the following are common sources for intraoral allergic reactions EXCEPT:
Fluoride embedded in dental floss
The dental clinician notes the following clinical signs during the periodontal assessment of an young female teenager:
Gingival disease associated with endocrine system and fluctuations in sex hormones
Diabetes-associated gingivitis is an example of:
Gingival disease modified by a systemic factor
Gingival disease characterized by a bacterial infection of the gingiva by a specific bacterium that is NOT commonly found in bacterial plaque biofilm is known as a:
Gingival disease of specific bacterial origin
A patient exhibits tissue damage from periodontal disease that is reversible with professional care and good patient self-care. Which of the following describes the state of his periodontium?
Gingivitis
Microscopically, the junctional epithelium has extended epithelial ridges into the gingival connective tissue. In which of the states of the periodontium does this occur FIRST?
Gingivitis
Your assessment findings for a patient include: red, swollen gingiva; moderate plaque biofilm, and probing depths of 2 to 3 mm. How would you classify her disease status?
Gingivitis
Your patient exhibits swollen gingiva and bleeding upon probing. Microscopically, the patient's junctional epithelium is attached to the enamel coronal to the cementoenamel junction. Which of the following is the state of her periodontium?
Gingivitis
Your patient exhibits swollen gingiva and bleeding upon probing. There is no bone loss present. Microscopically, damage has occurred to the supragingival fiber bundles. Which of the following is the state of her periodontium?
Gingivitis
Your patient has not been to the dentist in 2 years. When examining the gingival tissues, you note that the gingival margin is swollen and covers the gingival third of the tooth crowns. In addition, there is marginal redness with slight bleeding on probing. Probing depths range from 1 to 4 mm. There is no bone loss present. How would you label the state of this patient's periodontium?
Gingivitis
By far the most common type of periodontal disease is:
Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only
If the alveolar crest of bone is located 2 mm apical to CEJ of teeth, this would indicate:
Health
When performing a clinical examination on your patient, you note that her gingival tissues are light pink with scalloped margins. There was no bleeding upon probing. Probing depths range from 1 to 2 mm in depth with no bone loss present. Which of the following is the state of her periodontium?
Health
Which of the following is the most common pattern of bone loss?
Horizontal bone loss
Which of the following statements is correct regarding gingival tissues for a patient who has received treatment for periodontitis and presents with generalized 4 mm of recession, blunted papillae, tissue pink in color and no bleeding on probing?
In spite of the periodontal treatment, gingival tissues are healthy
Chronic gingival inflammation includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Increased bone loss
Which of the following statements best describes diffuse inflammation?
Inflammation that includes the gingival margin, papilla, and attached gingiva
What type of bone resorption occurs in an uneven oblique direction affecting only one tooth?
Infrabony defect
All of the following bacterial species are associated with increased intensity of gingivitis in adolescents, EXCEPT:
Leptotrichia
All of the following tissue descriptions describe gingivitis EXCEPT:
Light pink with scalloped margins
When describing distribution of gingivitis, all of the following may be applied EXCEPT:
Lingual
Healthy gingival tissue in the human population:
May be pigmented May be various shades of pink Will have papilla that comes to a point and fill the space between teeth
A patient's gingiva is pink in color and there is no recession of the gingival margin. Plaque biofilm on the teeth is light. The hygienist decides after a visual inspection with a mouth mirror that this patient has a healthy periodontium. Is the hygienist correct?
No, because it is impossible to tell the microscopic state of the periodontium with just a visual inspection
Gingival diseases of specific bacterial origin would be considered:
Nonplaque-induced gingival disease
For research purposes, prevalence of periodontal disease means:
Number of all cases of disease identified within a specific population at a given point in time
All of the following are periodontal indices commonly used in periodontal studies of a population EXCEPT:
O'leary Plaque Index(OPI)
A disease of the mucous membranes in which there may be interlacing white lines on the buccal mucosa, red gingiva, and raised white lesions in plaque-like configurations is termed:
Oral lichen planus
The sequence of events that occurs during the development of periodontal disease is termed:
Pathogenesis
Whereas in horizontal bone loss, inflammation spreads through tissue, ending in the _____, in vertical bone loss, inflammation spreads through tissue, ending in the _______.
Periodontal ligament; alveolar bone
The pathologic deepening of a gingival sulcus by the periodontal disease process is termed:
Periodontal pocket
A patient exhibits a bacterial infection of all parts of the periodontium. Which of the following is the state of her periodontium?
Periodontitis
A patient's gingival margin is at the cementoenamel junction. There is no bleeding upon probing. Microscopically, the junctional epithelium is apical to the cementoenamel junction on cementum. Which of the following is the state of his periodontium?
Periodontitis
Microscopically, the coronal-most portion of the junctional epithelium is detached from the tooth surface. What is the state of the periodontium?
Periodontitis
Microscopically, there is permanent destruction of some or all of the periodontal ligament fibers and alveolar bone. What is the state of the periodontium?
Periodontitis
Which of the following is a classification of periodontal disease that involves infection or death of dental pulpal tissues?
Periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions
In the photograph below, the tissue color change around mandibular anterior central incisors is an example of which of the following gingival diseases?
Plaque-induced gingivitis
The dental clinician notes the following clinical signs during the periodontal assessment of an young male teenager:
Plaque-induced gingivitis by bacteria only
A LOCALIZED, mushroom-shaped gingival mass projecting from the gingival papilla is a common clinical characteristic of which of the following periodontal diseases?
Pregnancy-associated gingivitis
Which of the following is considered a dental plaque--induced gingival disease with a modifying factor?
Pregnancy-associated gingivitis
A severe reaction to the initial infection with the herpes simplex type-1 virus. Clinical manifestations include fiery red marginal gingiva, pain, and small clusters of vesicles throughout the mouth for which of the following periodontal diseases?
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHG)
A bacterial infection of the periodontium that causes rapid attachment loss and poor response to periodontal therapy has a grade of:
Rapid rate of disease progression
All of the following statements about CHRONIC gingivitis are true EXCEPT:
Recession of the gingival margin from 3 to 5 mm usually is present
Continued apical migration of the junctional epithelium indicates a:
Site of active disease
Increased fluid in inflamed gingival tissue can cause the tissue to be characterized by:
Soft, spongy, and nonelastic tissue
Your assessment findings for a patient include: pink gingiva, moderate plaque biofilm, and probing depths of 6 to 8 mm. How would you classify his disease status?
Stage III periodontitis
In the photograph below, which of the following clinical signs indicate(s) that the patient has gingivitis?
Swollen marginal tissue Bleeding
AAP/EFA Periodontal Disease Classification System provides detailed descriptions of the various levels of disease. All four stages are considered periodontal diseases.
The first statement is false, the second true
If your patient presents with a gingival reactive infection to a popcorn kernel in the sulcus on facial of tooth #30, it is not considered a true gingival disease. Pocket depths must be more than 7 mm deep to be considered severe periodontal lesions.
The first statement is false, the second true
True or false? In gingivitis, there may be permanent destruction of alveolar bone that supports the teeth. Even in the presence of severe horizontal bone loss, an intact band of transseptal fibers is present above the remaining bone.
The first statement is false; the second is true
Acute Gingivitis has a brief duration that is improved with good self-care. Chronic gingivitis lasts a long time and always develops into periodontitis.
The first statement is true; the second is false
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gingiva and is reversible. Periodontitis is the inflammation of the entire periodontium and is irreversible.
The first statement is true; the second is false
The clinical signs of inflammation seen in pediatric patients are not as intense as that seen in a young adult patient with the same quantity of plaque biofilm. Likewise, the clinical signs of inflammation seen in geriatric patients are not as intense as that seen in a young adult patient with the same quantity of plaque biofilm.
The first statement is true; the second is false
Research indicates a periodontal disease prevalence rate of 70% for US adults over the age of 65. Rates of periodontal disease are higher for women than men, and higher in Asians compared to other races.
The first statement is true; the second statement is false
All of the following are characteristics of periodontitis EXCEPT:
The tissue damage in periodontitis is reversible---the body can repair the damage
All of the following statements are "good" reasons for classifying periodontal diseases EXCEPT:
To charge a higher service fee for treating periodontitis versus gingivitis
Risk factors associated with periodontal disease include all of the following EXCEPT:
Traumatic injury
Which type of bone loss creates infrabony pockets?
Vertical bone loss
What reason might you have for referring to the old 1999 Classification of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases when there is a newer 2017 classification?
When reading classic research in the dental literature, the articles will use the old terminology
A patient exhibits swollen, red gingival tissues with no bone loss. The hygienist records "periodontal disease" in the patient chart. Is this notation accurate?
Yes, because gingivitis is a periodontal disease
