Period 5 (1830s-1860) Review

Members of the American (Know-Nothing) Party of the 1850s typically supported

restrictions on Catholics' holding public office

Republican Party

An anti-slavery platform. The candidate for the election was Abraham Lincoln.

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the

Missouri Compromise

When the Alamo happen?

1836

When was the Republic of Texas an independent country?

1836-1845

Speaking of the Mexican-American War, including the treaty, when was it fought?

1846-1848

Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln ran and won the presidency. This election was a major cause of the civil war.

Who would most likely oppose the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A New England abolitionist

American (Know-Nothing) Party

A nativist political party that was mainly against Catholics holding offices.

Harpers Ferry

Abolitionist, John Brown leads a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, in an attempt to start an armed revolt of enslaved people and destroy the institution of slavery.

Who was on the winning side of the famous "Remember the Alamo" rallying cry?

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT:

Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base.

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the perception of many White Southerners that antislavery sentiment was spreading in the 1850s?

Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade.

It was "our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions." Which political party supported this philosophy most enthusiastically?

Democratic

James K. Polk was certainly supportive of "Manifest Destiny," which makes more sense when you know he was nominated by which political party?

Democratic Party

The Compromise of 1850 was partly caused by California applying to become a state: what caused the state to be in a position to apply for statehood?

Gold was discovered

Writer of Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Fill-in the blanks to complete the following sentence from Khan Academy: "In 1845, newspaper editor __________________coined the term _____________________ to describe the ideology of continental expansionism. Though the term was new, the ideas underlying it were much older, dating back to the first colonial contact between Europeans and Native Americans."

John O'Sullivan/"Manifest Destiny"

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in

Kansas

"The American Republicans of the city and county of Philadelphia, who are determined to support the NATIVE [White, Protestant] AMERICANS in their Constitutional Rights of peaceably assembling to express their opinions on any question of Public Policy, and to SUSTAIN THEM AGAINST THE ASSAULTS OF ALIENS AND FOREIGNERS are requested to assemble on MONDAY AFTERNOON, May 6th, 1844 at 4 o'clock, at the corner of Master and Second street, Kensington [a section of Philadelphia], to express their indignation [anger] at the outrage on Friday evening last, which was perpetrated by the Irish Catholics." Text from a poster announcing a meeting of the American Republican Party, later renamed the American Party, Philadelphia, 1844 Historians could best use the excerpt as an example of which of the following?

Political responses to changing demographics in the United States

Kansas-Nebraska Act

The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The act repealed the Missouri Compromise because the territories were above the 36/30 line.

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for

The prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

The Wilmot Proviso is the most similar to which of the following?

a. The Free-Soil Party

"Yes: Mexico must be thoroughly chastised! . . . The news of yesterday [at the southern border] has added the last argument wanted to prove the necessity of an immediate Declaration of War by our government toward its southern neighbor. "We are justified in the face of the world, in having treated Mexico with more forbearance [tolerance] than we have ever yet treated an enemy. . . . We have . . . submitted thus far to a most offensive rejection of an Ambassador personifying the American nation, and waited for years without payment of the claims of our injured merchants. We have sought peace through every avenue, and shut our eyes to many things, which, had they come from England or France, the President would not have dared to pass over without stern and speedy resentment. We have dammed up our memory, of what had passed in the South [Texas] years ago—of devilish massacres of some of our bravest and noblest sons . . . in violation of all the rules of war. . . . "We think there can be no doubt of the truth of yesterday's news; and we are sure the people here, ten to one, are for prompt and hostilities. . . . Let our arms now be carried with a spirit which shall teach the world that, while we are not forward for a quarrel, America knows how to crush, as well as how to expand!" Walt Whitman, journalist and poet, editorial in the Brooklyn Eagle, 1846 "President [James K. Polk] in his message, as a pretext for sending our army to invade and conquer the country upon the Rio Grande, says: "Texas by its [legislative] act of December 19, 1836, had declared the [Rio Grande] to be the boundary of that [formerly independent] republic.' . . . The truth is that Texas had agreed upon the Nueces [River] as her boundary. . . . "If [Mexico] be ours, why does he seek to justify the taking possession of it by references to the fact that Mexico is indebted to some of our people? If it be not ours, and he has taken possession of it in order to compel Mexico to pay those debts, why not say so? The fact that Mexico has not paid the debts due to our citizens can have no legitimate connection with taking possession of [it as] our own soil. But [the president] was obviously conscious that this invasion of the Mexican territory could not be justified. . . . "When the Executive and Congress openly and avowedly took upon themselves the responsibility of extending and perpetuating slavery by the annexation of Texas, and by the total overthrow and subversion of the Constitution, . . . my confidence in the stability of our institutions was shaken, destroyed. . . . Our Union continues, but our Constitution is gone. . . . ". . . No man regards this war as just. We know, the country knows, and the civilized world are conscious, that it has resulted from a desire to extend and sustain an institution on which the curse of the Almighty most visibly rests." Joshua Giddings, congressman from Ohio, speech in the United States House of Representatives, 1846 Which of the following comparisons best describes Whitman's and Giddings' arguments about the Mexican-American War?

Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States.

Which of the following was NOT a component of the Compromise of 1850? a. California became a free state b. "Free Soil" in the territories created by the agreement c. the slave trade was banned in Washington D.C. d. a tougher fugitive slave law e. all of these were parts of the Compromise

b. "Free Soil" in the territories created by the agreement

Which of the following happened LAST? a. "Civil Disobedience" published b. "Uncle Tom's Cabin" published c. Compromise of 1850 d. Gold discovered! e. Mexican-American War (started or ended -- your choice)

b. "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was published.

Basically, popular sovereignty means...

b. The people of a given territory or state make policy

Which of the following didn't happen or wasn't dealt with during James K. Polk's time as president? a. the Oregon Territory b. Texas became a U.S. state c. "Remember the Alamo" d. the Mexican-American War

c. "Remember the Alamo"

The lack of unified support for the Mexican War was exemplified by...

d. Thoreau's "Civil Disobedience"

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT

the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

John Brown

An American abolitionist who believed that violence was necessary if slavery was to be abolished.

In the first half of the nineteenth century, a major consequence of United States expansionism was

Increased sectional discord, accompanied by the growing failure of compromise

Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?

Ireland

"Bleeding Kansas"

John Brown attacked and murdered white southerners in protest to slavery. Brown brutally executed a slave owning family and his actions became known as Bleeding Kansas.

True of the War for Texas Independence... a. Texan victory at the Alamo clinched their independence b. the clear border established by the treaty that ended the conflict meant decades of peace c. Texas' independence and statehood are the same year -- 1836 d. A, B, & C are all true e. None of these are true

e. None of these are true.

The presidency of James Polk can best be summarized by the statement...

He was the "Manifest Destiny president"

Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision?

National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.

The United States gained which of the following from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 ?

Possession of California and most of the Southwest

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was most similar in intent to which of the following earlier legislative initiatives?

The Missouri Compromise in 1820

Anti-immigrant nativism of the 1840s and 1850s had the most in common with which of the following earlier developments?

The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), which limited rights for foreign-born residents

Lincoln - Douglas debates (Abraham Lincoln & Stephen Douglas - what were they debating?)

They debated whether or not slavery should extend into new territories.

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s?

They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the

passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the

passage of the Wilmot Proviso

"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep. . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that

slaves lived better than northern factory workers

Speaking of the Mexican-American War and Khan Academy, fill-in the blank with the correct term: "the debate over ____________________ was one of the major events leading up to the Civil War...strongly opposed by the slaveholding South, asserted that the Mexican-American War had not been fought for the purpose of expanding slavery, and stipulated that slavery would never exist in the territories acquired from Mexico in the war."

the Wilmot Proviso

Secession (Which states leave before/after the election)

Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia

"With regard to the northwestern States, to which the ordinance of 1787 was applied—Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan—no one now believes that any one of those States, if they thought proper to do it, has not just as much a right to introduce slavery within her borders as Virginia has a right to maintain the existence of slavery within hers. "Then, if in this struggle of power and empire between the two classes of states a decision of California has taken place adverse to the wishes of the southern States, it is a decision not made by the General [federal] Government; it is a decision respecting which they cannot complain to the General Government. It is a decision made by California herself, and which California had incontestably a right to make under the Constitution of the United States. . . . The question of slavery, either of its introduction or interdiction, is silent as respects the action of this [federal] Government; and if it has been decided, it has been by a different body—by a different power—by California herself, who had a right to make that decision." Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850 The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations?

Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

He filed a freedom lawsuit that said he lived in a free state so he was free. The supreme court rules that he was not only a citizen of the US but that slavery exists everywhere.

Speaking of the Mexican-American War, who wrote "Civil Disobedience?"

Henry David Thoreau

"I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . . . "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 The excerpt most likely reflects which of the following historical situations?

States in the South had begun seceding after the presidential election.

"Your Memorialist . . . represents to your honorable body, that he has devoted much time and attention to the subject of a railroad from Lake Michigan through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and that he finds such a route practicable, the results from which would be incalculable—far beyond the imagination of man to estimate. . . . "It would enable us, in the short space of eight days (and perhaps less) to concentrate all the forces of our vast country at any point from Maine to Oregon. . . . Such easy and rapid communication with such facilities for exchanging the different products of the different parts would bring all our immensely wide spread population together. . . . "[W]ith a railroad to the Pacific, and thence to China by steamers, can be performed in thirty days, being now a distance of nearly seventeen thousand miles. . . Then the drills and sheetings of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, and other manufactures of the United States, may be transported to China in thirty days; and the teas and rich silks of China, in exchange, come back to New Orleans, to Charleston, to Washington, to Baltimore, to Philadelphia, New York, and to Boston, in thirty days more." Asa Whitney, merchant, "National Railroad, Connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean," memorial to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, 1845 Which of the following most directly contributed to the request expressed in the excerpt?

The desire for international trade and access to global markets

"The Vigilance Committee of Boston inform you that the MOCK TRIAL of the poor Fugitive Slave has been further postponed.... Come down, then, Sons of the Puritans: for even if the poor victim is to be carried off by the brute force of arms, and delivered over to Slavery, you should at least be present to witness the sacrifice, and you should follow him in sad procession with your tears and prayers, and then go home and take such action as your manhood and your patriotism may suggest. Come, then, by the early trains on MONDAY, and rally.... Come with courage and resolution in your hearts; but, this time, with only such arms as God gave you." Proclamation addressed "To the Yeomanry of New England," Boston, 1854 The proclamation most clearly provides evidence for which of the following?

The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions

From Khan Academy content, which of the following are true regarding Texas? (NOTE: there IS more than one right answer, so mark ALL answers you think are accurate.) a. Until 1836, Texas had been part of Mexico, but in that year a group of settlers from the United States who lived in Texas declared independence. They called their new country the Republic of Texas, which was an independent country for nine years.This answer is correct. b. Laws required those living in Mexico—including those living in Texas—to become Mexican, convert to Roman Catholicism, file legal documents in Spanish, and (after Mexico abolished slavery...) end the practice of slavery. c. The Republic of Texas and how it won its independence helped confirm Texas's modern-day southern border at the Rio Grande River. d. The Republic of Texas was created after the United States gained a large piece of western land known as the Mexican Cession.

a. Until 1836, Texas had been part of Mexico, but in that year a group of settlers from the United States who lived in Texas declared independence. They called their new country the Republic of Texas, which was an independent country for nine years. b. Laws required those living in Mexico—including those living in Texas—to become Mexican, convert to Roman Catholicism, file legal documents in Spanish, and (after Mexico abolished slavery...) end the practice of slavery.

From Khan Academy content about the Compromise of 1850, which of the following is NOT true? a. Under the new, stricter Fugitive Slave Act ordinary citizens were also required to assist in recapturing escapees or face fines or imprisonment. There were no safeguards to prevent opportunists from claiming that any person of African descent, including free black citizens of the North, was an escapee. b. To balance the Fugitive Slave Act's concession to the South, Congress admitted California as a free state. c. Congress avoided a direct decision on the question of slavery in the new Territory of New Mexico and the Territory of Utah, employing the principle of "free-soil." This allowed white residents of the territories to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery. d. Antislavery advocates welcomed Congress's ban on the slave trade in Washington, DC, although slavery itself continued to be legal in the capital.

c. Congress avoided a direct decision on the question of slavery in the new Territory of New Mexico and the Territory of Utah, employing the principle of "free-soil." This allowed white residents of the territories to decide for themselves whether to allow slavery.

Which of the following are achievements during James K. Polk's presidency? a. the Oregon territory dispute was resolved via a treaty with Great Britain b. Texas became a state c. the Mexican-American War was fought and won by the United States d. A, B, & C are true e. None of these are true

d. A, B, & C are true

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT

he growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery