Periodic Table - 4
What is the maximum number of electrons an f-orbital will hold?
14
What is the Aufbau diagram for Sodium?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
What electron configurations represents the most chemically stable atom?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
What group of elements are contained in the p-block?
3A
How are synthetic elements formed?
?
What is one difference between a mixture and a compound?
A compound can only be separated into its components by chemical means.
The first periodic table was arranged by
Atomic mass
What is true about ions?
Cations are positively charged and anions are negatively charged.
What is true about ions?
Cations form when an atom loses electrons.
What factors that affect ionization energy?
Charge, atomic radius, orbital penetration, and electron pairing
What element in the fourth period is an exception to the Aufbau principle?
Cr
Group 3A elements are the alkaline earth metals.
False
More than three-fourths of the elements in the periodic table are nonmetals.
False
Which element on the periodic table is the most electronegative?
Fluorine
What is another name for the transition metals?
Group B elements
The two most abundant elements in the universe are:
Hydrogen and Helium
Why is the second ionization energy greater than the first ionization energy?
It is more difficult to remove a second electron from an atom.
How does atomic radius change from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
It tends to decrease.
How does atomic radius change from top to bottom in a group in the periodic table?
It tends to increase.
The currently most-accepted scientific model of the universe's beginnings is an explosion called the big bang.
True
The number of valence electrons an element has will determine its chemical properties.
True
Why is the law of definite proportions important?
When two substances react to form a compound, they do so in definite proportion by mass
What is the charge of a cation?
a positive charge
Each period in the periodic table corresponds to ____.
a principal energy level
Of the following elements, which one has the smallest ionization energy? a. boron b. carbon c. aluminum d. silicon
aluminum
The smallest particle of an element that has all the characteristics of the element.
atom
A substance that can be separated into two or more substances only by a chemical change is a(n) ____.
compound
composed of two or more substances chemically combined in a fixed proportion
compound
The elements silicon and carbon are both found in the Earth's crust. What types of bonds do they form?
covalent
substance that cannot be changed into simpler substances by chemical means
element
The chemical formula of a compound does NOT indicate the ____.
how elements are joined in the compound
All elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers greater than that of the element ____________ are formed by the explosions of collapsing stars.
iron
What is used for chemical symbols today?
letters
What element in the second period has the largest atomic radius?
lithium
A synchrotron can accelerate charged particles to high speeds because it compensates for the increase in the particle's _______________ because of the increase in the particle's energy.
mass.
Which category includes the majority of the elements?
metals
The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic ____.
number
Which block of elements do the halogens belong to?
p block
A change in the atomic nucleus is called a:
transmutation
A nuclear reaction that causes a change in the nucleus of an atom of an element which converts the atom into another element is known as a(n):
transmutation.
a process that changes one element into another different element
transmutation.
type of nuclear reaction that results in the production of synthetic elements
transmutation.
Group 1A elements (except for hydrogen) are known as the alkali metals.
True
Group 7A elements are highly reactive nonmetals known as halogens.
True
What property of semi-metals is useful in the computer industry?
Semi-conducting
What is the "octet rule?"
The octet rule says that atoms are most stable when they have a full shell of electrons in the outermost shell
The first 18 elements in the periodic table have which of the important properties?
These elements make up most of the matter of the known universe
What are pseudocore electrons?
They are electrons in d and f subshells that are outside of the noble gas core
What is true about compounds?
They are made up of two or more elements.
What discovery was made about particles with an accelerator in 1998?
They showed that there is a difference between moving forward and backward in time