Personal Trainer

TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL (TTM)

A behavior change model focused on the stages of change, the process of changing behavior, self-efficacy, and the decision balance.

Which classification of neurons initiate muscle contraction and activate glands? Interneurons Motor neurons Sensory neurons Dendrites

Motor neurons

Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy pathways? Type IIx muscle fibers Type II b muscle fibers Type IIa muscle fibers Type I muscle fibers

Type I muscle fibers

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) responsible for? Receiving sensory input and organizing, analyzing, and processing neural information. Conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to the CNS, and regulating involuntary functions. Sending motor commands to muscle tissue, regulating voluntary functions, and creating reflexes. Regulating involuntary functions, Sending motor signals to the muscles, and visual sensory interpretation.

Conveying motor commands, carrying sensory information to the CNS, and regulating involuntary functions.

Which of the following is an effect of long-term cortisol elevation in the body? Increases appetite Enhances the brain's use of glucose Reduces inflammation Reduces unnecessary bodily functions during stress

Increases appetite

What type of motivation is driven by personal enjoyment and satisfaction? Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation External motivation Independent motivation

Intrinsic motivation

What type of goal is open to interpretation by the client as opposed to being supported by measurable data? A SMART goal A subjective goal An objective goal A motivational goal

A subjective goal

What stage of change is someone in if they are engaging in a new behavior and have been doing so for less than six months? Action Pre-contemplation Preparation Maintenance

Action

What is the definition of behavior? An experience that a client will have with a trainer. An event that has a beginning, middle, and end. An action that can be observed, measured, and modified. An action that builds rapport and community.

An action that can be observed, measured, and modified.

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? Venules Arteries Veins Capillaries

Arteries

Which psychological need in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is described as the basic need to feel in control of one's own behavior and goals? Relatedness Motivation Autonomy Competence

Autonomy

What does the Golgi tendon organ detect and respond to in the muscle? The electrical activity of a muscle. Changes in muscle tension. Muscular time under tension. The rate and force of muscle stretch.

Changes in muscle tension.

When communicating with clients, what type of communication must be constructive and effective to improve competence? Introductions Feedback General conversation Praise

Feedback

Which type of bone supports the weight of the body and facilitates movement? Irregular bones Sesamoid bones Short bones Long bones

Long Bones

What stage of change is someone in if they are in denial or ignorant to the fact that a change may be necessary? Action Pre-contemplation Preparation Maintenance

Pre-contemplation

What type of goal is focused on the necessary steps to achieve it? Personal goal Process goal Private goal Outcome goal

Process Goal

Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body? Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle

Right Atrium

Which type of muscle is the most common in the human body? Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Autonomic muscle

Skeletal muscle

Blood vessels are comprised of which type of muscle tissue? Type II muscle fibers Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle

During the cardiac cycle, what is the name of the contraction phase of the heartbeat? Systole Fibrillation Diastole Arrythmia

Systole

During exercise, which organ system regulates fluid volume and pressure in body tissues? The Circulatory System The Lymphatic System The Endocrine System The Integumentary System

The Lymphatic System

Which human organ systems are responsible for human movement? The Muscular System, Circulatory System, and Skeletal System The Nervous System, Muscular System, and Endocrine System The Muscular System, Digestive System, and Nervous System The Nervous System, Muscular System, and Skeletal System

The Nervous System, Muscular System, and Skeletal System

SELF-EFFICACY

The certainty of one's ability to accomplish a particular task.

What is the process of external respiration? The exchange of gases from the blood to the interstitial fluid and body tissues. The exchange of gases in the chambers of the heart. The exchange of gases from the arteries to the capillaries. The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood in the lungs.

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood in the lungs.

Which component of the digestive system performs both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion? The liver The small intestine The mouth The esophagus

The mouth

BEHAVIOR

An action that can be observed, measured, and modified.

TYPE 2 DIABETES

A long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.

What does the "A" in SMART goals stand for? Achievable Absurd Associated Addressing

Achievable

Which endocrine hormone promotes the breakdown of protein in muscle cells? Cortisol Aldosterone Glucagon Insulin

Cortisol

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are examples of what type of ligament? Intrinsic ligaments Extrinsic ligaments Capsular ligaments Elastic ligaments

Intrinsic ligaments

Which of the following is included in the appendicular skeleton? Skull Ribs Shoulder girdle Spine

Shoulder girdle

The heart and blood vessels are the components of which human organ system? The Circulatory System The Muscular System The Endocrine System The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question? "Have you ever seen a doctor for a heart condition?" "Do you want to begin your fitness program today?" "How did you first notice that you were gaining weight?" "Is your favorite color blue?"

"How did you first notice that you were gaining weight?"

Where in the brain does most information processing occur? Cerebrum Cerebellum Cerebral Cortex Medulla oblongata

Cerebral Cortex