Personality Psychology Chapter 11

Roland was driving when someone cut in front of him and sped away down the highway. Roland shook his head and muttered "jerk" under his breath. "Why are people so stupid?!" he said. Roland's assessment is an example of a(n) __________. self-serving bias attribution error internal attribution external attribution

internal attribution

Dr. Dufton is interested in studying stereotypes and is asking participants in her study to describe the typical member of different cultures. She is measuring __________. social norms cross-sectional perspectives reference group effects perceptions of national character

perceptions of national character

The residents of the hypothetical country are higher on neuroticism compared to other countries. Given the cross-cultural research on neuroticism, which of the following factors is also likely to be present in it culture? The culture has systems in place to avoid uncertainty and ambiguity. The culture tends to have flexible rules and inconsistent enforcement of laws. The culture is also high in agreeableness. The culture is high in extraversion.

The culture has systems in place to avoid uncertainty and ambiguity

In terms of the study of culture, songs by Taylor Swift would be known as __________. collectivist propaganda residual products cultural products residual artifacts

cultural products

__________ is a culture within a culture. An attribution A subculture A generation Collective self-esteem

A subculture

Europeans often greet each other with a kiss. This is an example of __________. internal attribution social norms cultural products birth cohorts

social norms

Children learn the social norms of their culture through __________. genetics cross-cultural differences socialization socioeconomic status

socialization

What do the cultural products of individualistic cultures and collectivistic cultures convey? The cultural products of both cultural systems focus on the group rather than the individual. The cultural products of both cultural systems focus on the individual rather than the group. Cultural products from individualistic cultures focus on the group, and those from collectivist cultures focus on the self. Cultural products from individualistic cultures focus on the self, and those from collectivist cultures focus on the group.

Cultural products from individualistic cultures focus on the self

__________ encourages more positive self-views and a view of the self as separate from others. Neuroticism Individualism Freudianism Collectivism

Individualism

When it comes to attribution, which of the following statements is true? Both individualistic and collectivistic cultures tend to attribute actions to the situation. Both individualistic and collectivistic cultures tend to attribute actions to the person. Individualistic cultures tend to attribute actions to the person, while collectivistic cultures tend to attribute actions to the situation. Individualistic cultures tend to attribute actions to the situation, while collectivistic cultures attribute actions to the person.

Individualistic cultures tend to attribute actions to the person

What trend have researchers seen in regards to openness to experience? Openness to experience tends to be higher in recent generations. Openness to experience tends to be lower in recent generations. Scores on tests of creative thinking have increased. Scores on tests of creative thinking have decreased for high school students but increased for college students.

Openness to experience tends to be lower in recent generations

Why is conscientiousness the most problematic of the Big Five traits to assess across cultures? People are not honest about their conscientiousness. Reference-group effects seem to be the issue. Conscientiousness cannot be measured. There are no cultural differences in regards to conscientiousness.

Reference-group effects seem to be the issue

Jesse was driving when someone cut in front of her and sped away down the highway. Jesse assumed that person was probably late for work or in the middle of an emergency. Jesse's assessment is an example of a(n) __________. external attribution attribution error self-serving bias internal attribution

external attribution

Which of the following Big Five traits has a substantial link to individualistic cultures? neuroticism extraversion agreeableness conscientiousness

extraversion

What is self-enhancement? unrealistically positive views of the self and personal abilities. views of the group that one belongs to that tend to create bias and prejudice. accurate views of the self and personal abilities. a view of the self that is found to be consistent across cultures.

unrealistically positive views of the self and personal abilities