PH1 Final, Public Health 1 Final (UCI)
What are examples of land pollution? -Accumulation of animal manure. -Excessive use of chemical fertilizers. -Poor sanitation systems that leak into surrounding soil. -all of the above
(all of the above)
Criteria air pollutants?
particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides
What is true of public health occupations?
people have backgrounds in various diseases
leading cause of injury death?
poisoning
A health plan of providers that agree to provide services at lower rates to enrolled members -health maintenance organization -medicaid -medicare -preferred provider organization
preferred provider organization
Most important public health intervention for preventing infant mortality is
prenatal care
which is not true of the response to hurricane katrina? The hurricane came w out warning Instructions were not clear Plans for care of hospital and nursing patients were inadequate Provisions for refugees in Superdome were inadequate
the hurricane came w out warning
According to the article, "Why Americans don't live as long as Europeans," what were the components that largely contributed to the problem that Americans die younger than their peers in other high-income countries? A. Poor diet, lack of exercise, and onset of heart disease B. Overworking, too few vacations provided by jobs, and high prevalence of sedentary jobs C. Health care costs, poor physician knowledge, and poor hospital technology D. Drug poisoning, gun injuries, and motor vehicle crashes
A. Poor diet, lack of exercise, and onset of heart disease B. Overworking, too few vacations provided by jobs, and high prevalence of sedentary jobs C. Health care costs, poor physician knowledge, and poor hospital technology D. Drug poisoning, gun injuries, and motor vehicle crashes (C)
In a preliminary meeting in July 2015, what new field of science was discussed to develop ways to limit the risks and encourage communities, industries, and governments to make progress with or without a treaty? Adaptation science Complexity science Population biology Adjustment science
Adaptation science (C) Complexity science Population biology Adjustment science
What needs to be keep in mind when advocating for vaccination programs? - success relies on her immunity - adverse events must be kept to a minimum - vaccines need to be kept available, effective, and safe -all of above
- all of above
methods to prevent or reduce congenital anomalies?
- folic acid supplements - limit exposure to teratogens - genetic screening
Why have past efforts to combat obesity been ineffective? - most efforts ignore the environmental context in which people live - unhealthy foods are perceived as cheaper and more available - schools profit more from "junk" food -all of the above
-all of the above
The number of American Which of the following statements is not true -exercise without calorie reduction is an efficient way to lose weight - people who are physically aactive live longer -lean mass burns more calories than fat - none of above
-exercise without calorie reduction is an efficient way to lose weight
Risk of obesity has been found to be highest in people with -high wait to hip ratio - low waist to hip ratio - high hip to waist ratio -people who engage in regular physical activity
-high waist to hip ratio
which of the following can be considered ways to reduce air pollution coming from motor vehicles? - setting tailpipe emission limits - discouraging use of public transport and carpooling - limiting funding for development of zero emission vehicles - reducing the frequency of SMOG checks
-setting tailpipe emission limits
The intervention level for lead is 2 mcg/dL 3 mcg/dL 5 mcg/dL 10 mcg/dL
10 mcg/dL
Which of the following is necessary in order to improve relationship between public health researchers, policy makers, and practitioners? -Researchers, Policy makers, and Practitioners must be in constant communication -Researchers must be focused on what is or is not applicable to policy or practice -researchers must accept that policy makers are the ones best able to interprety public health studies and make decisions -A&B -All
A & B
Which of the following are ways we can improve physical activity in our suburban lifestyle? -build sidewalks -implement mall-walking programs -promote physical education activities that prepare youth for future activities -All
All
Which of the following is true regarding food additives? -regulated by the FDA -Must be generally regarded as safe (GRAS) -Used to prevent deficiency diseases -All of the above
All of the above
Global warming is a problem for public health because
Changing temperatures may mean a changing geographic distribution in infectious disease vectors like mosquitoes There may be a drinking water shortage in the future for countries that depend on streams and waterways fed by melting ice and snow in the himalayas
__________ promises to solve many medical problems with new drugs and procedures that will contribute to the spiraling costs of medical care.
Biotechnology
Which of the following interferes with testosterone synthesis in males, causing low sperm count and abnormalities in the development of male sex organs? Bisphenol A Phthalates Dioxins Furans
Bisphenol A Phthalates (C) Dioxins Furans
In which state does the law allow health care institutions to withdraw life support when further treatment is judged futile, even against the wishes of the patient as expressed in an advance directive? California Oregon Washington Arizona
California (C) Oregon Washington Arizona
Which of the following is NOT a criteria air pollutant? Carbon dioxide particulate matter sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides
Carbon dioxide (C) particulate matter sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides
The health risks of obesity include? Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Some cancer All of the Above
Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Some cancer All of the Above (C)
Which of the following is the most prevalent cause of eye disease?
Cataracts
The Born Alive Infant Protection Act mandated that infants born with any signs of life be treated as suffering from an emergency medical condition. True False
True (C) False
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, focused on the harmful environmental effects of which of the following substances? -PCB's -Asbestos -Mercury -DDT
DDT
Which of the following is not one of the top ten public health achievements in the 20th century?
Development of open heart surgery
All of the following government institutions are responsible for food safety except? EPA (C) FDA USDA
EPA (C) FDA USDA
Who is not at greater risk when contracted with H1N1 virus?
Elderly above 65
Which of the following statements is not true? Exercise increases the risk of a heart attack in healthy individuals. The most effective way to lose weight is to combine a healthy diet with physical activity. Many American adults engage in no physical activity at all. Obesity in children is associated with time spent watching television
Exercise increases the risk of a heart attack in healthy individuals.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act requires the storage of hazardous waste in open dumps T/F
F
The Resource Conservation and Recovery At requires the storage of hazardous waste in open dumps T/F
F
Al Hazardous waste sites have been cleared up by the Superfund program T/F
False
The Institute of Medicine predicts that the current workforce is sufficient to meet the needs of the growing number of the elderly
False
The United States is the lowest in selected OECD countries per capita spending on health care. True False
False
deforestation and decline of harvests of fish and shellfish are not related to problems of depletion of global resources (T/F)
False
recycling is profitable T/F
False
Predictions about the Earth's carrying capacity for HUMANS have typically centered on which of the following? Food Water Usable land Epidemic disease
Food (C) Water Usable land Epidemic disease
All of the following are governmental programs to provide nutrition to women and/or children EXCEPT: - WIC - HPV - School Meals Program - SNAP
HPV
In attempts to prevent motor vehicle injuries, which component of the analysis is most susceptible to education?
Host (Driver)
Major risk factors for Cardiovascular Diseases are? Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Cigarette Smoking All
Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Cigarette Smoking All (C)
Which of the following is true about infant mortality rates (IMR)?
IMR are indicators of health status in populations IMR can indicate health disparities if certain group (for ex. racial/ethnic) have higher rates
Public health educators play a key role in public health in? Industrial hygiene Maternal and child health population dynamics All
Industrial hygiene Maternal and child health population dynamics All (C)
Nitrogen Oxides Irritate the respiratory tract Contribute to ozone formation Are responsible for yellowish-brown smog All
Irritate the respiratory tract Contribute to ozone formation Are responsible for yellowish-brown smog All (C)
While Americans support most measures to ensure cleaner air, they consistently resist efforts to move them out of their private automobiles. True False
True (C) False
What international treaty is aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
Kyoto protocol
Volume reduction is an important step in dealing with the massive amounts of solid waste generated by society. Which of the following is not a method of volume reduction? Landfilling composting incineration recycling
Landfilling (C) composting incineration recycling
The "Three Es" of injury prevention—education, enforcement, and engineering—were first applied in which industry? Manufacturing Health care Construction Auto
Manufacturing Health care Construction Auto (C)
A federally aided, state-operated and -administrated program that provides medical services to eligible low-income populations is
Medicaid
Which of the following statements about Medicare is NOT true? Medicare covers 100% of the costs of care for the elderly most people over 65 have access to medical care b/c of medicare the medicare program is paid for by taxes on employers and employees the medicare program pays out more than it collects in taxes and premiums
Medicare covers 100% of the costs of care for the elderly (C) most people over 65 have access to medical care b/c of medicare the medicare program is paid for by taxes on employers and employees the medicare program pays out more than it collects in taxes and premiums
Which of the following is NOT known to be true of environmental pollutants?
Most human cancer is caused by pesticides in the environment
Which of the following patient was involved in a right to die case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court?
Nancy Cruzan
Environmental mercury exposure can cause what?
Neurological damage
The baby boomers
None
Which of the following statements is not true of physical activity?
Older adults are more active than younger ones
Which of the following are most commonly involved in unintentional deaths? Opioid pain medications Cocaine Heroin Psychoactive drugs
Opioid pain medications (C) Cocaine Heroin Psychoactive drugs
Arsenic, "the king of poisons," has been well known as a common means of homicide through the centuries. True False
True (C) False
Which of the following measures of particulate matter is most detrimental to health?
PM2.5
Of the 210 million tons of municipal solid waste disposed of annually, which of the following constitutes the greatest percentage by weight?
Paper
The most important public health intervention for preventing infant mortality is
Prenatal Care
Food companies argue that diet is a matter of individual choice True False
True (C) False
The state of Oregon's experiment with Medicaid is an example of medical
Rationing
What main health problems can arise from second hand smoke exposure? Respiratory symptoms Mobile inability Speech impediment All Answers are Correct
Respiratory symptoms (C) Mobile inability Speech impediment All Answers are Correct
Ground water is generally less clean than surface water True False
True (C) False
Increased injury and cardiovascular disease is related to climate change. True False
True (C) False
Indoor air quality is important b/c people spend more time indoors than outdoors True False
True (C) False
Jack Kevorkian involved in a right to die case decided by the US Supreme Court. T/F
T
paper cannot be recycled indefinitely T/F
T
Which of the following is the biggest drawback of using sanitary landfills as a method of waste disposal? Take up a lot of space Emits noxious odors Toxic chemicals seep into groundwater Attract disease-carrying vermin
Take up a lot of space (C) Emits noxious odors Toxic chemicals seep into groundwater Attract disease-carrying vermin
What are the common forms of antibiotic misuse? Taking an inappropriate antibiotic. Using antibiotics for viral infections such as the common cold. Failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic. Overusing antibiotics All
Taking an inappropriate antibiotic. Using antibiotics for viral infections such as the common cold. Failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic. Overusing antibiotics All (C)
Infants are more likely to develop respiratory infections or die of SIDS when family members smoke in the home. True False
True (C) False
Injuries can be analyzed in terms of a chain of causation, and public health interventions can be devised to interrupt the chain in various stages. True False
True (C) False
Who must ultimately be responsible for environmental health?
The federal government, because pollution can spread widely, and those harmed by it are often not those that produce it
What is the Latino Paradox?
The tendency for Hispanic people (the first generation) to have lower than average rates of complicated pregnancies and some chronic illnesses despite the fact that many of them live in relatively poor social or economic conditions
Iodine in table salt helps prevent a condition called goiter. True False
True (C) False
What is the goal of the Clean Power Plan? To promote healthy and sanitary facilities in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. To reduce carbon pollution by a large percentage by 2030. To ban all power plants and promote usage of energy obtained by solar panels. None of the above.
To promote healthy and sanitary facilities in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. To reduce carbon pollution by a large percentage by 2030. (C) To ban all power plants and promote usage of energy obtained by solar panels. None of the above.
"Educating instead of medicating" enables better health and lifestyle choices through teaching awareness of health issues.
True
(T/F) Climate change poses serious public health issues
True
(T/F) EPA has stringent protocols on Landfills. One of the requirements landfills are supposed to contain the sealing of the landfill by daily covers because it minimizes odor emission
True
(T/F) infectious diseases are public health issues
True
An unambiguous message to evacuate New Orleans in response to Hurricane Katrina came too close to the time the hurricane struck for it to be acted on by the most vulnerable of the population.
True
Because problems of obesity, over-nutrition, and lack of exercise are increasingly common in children, adults will be even less healthy in the future that they are today T/F
True
Love Canal became famous for the health threats they posed T/F
True
Obesity can be thought of as both adverse health outcome and as a risk factor for other diseases T/F
True
Public health workers/leaders/advocates took a three pronged approach to increasing road safety targeting cars, roads and drivers through both technological advances and policies. As a result, the annual death rate due to automobile accidents has decreased by 90%.
True
Quarantines are used in modern times to help stem the threat of infectious disease
True
The Safe Water Act of 1974 required the EPA to set standards for local water systems and mandated that states enforce the standards. T/F
True
The first cases of Minamata disease resulted from mercury poisoning which is through the consumption of Mercury contaminated Seafood. T/F
True
The first cases of Minimata disease resulted from mercury poisoning which is through the consumption of Mercury contaminated seafood.
True
The number of American children today with chronic illnesses has increased since the time when some of their parents were children, portending more disability and higher health costs for a new generation of adults.
True
The number of American children today with chronic illnesses has quadrupled since the time when some of their parents were children, portending more disability and higher health costs for a new generation of adults T/F
True
Through public health education, people are able to adopt a healthier behavior to lessen the risk of diseases being spread among themselves.
True
True or False? Postpartum depression affects both the mother and infant.
True
U.S. spending per capita on healthcare is more than $7,000
True
US spending per capita on healthcare is more than $7,000 T/F
True
With managed care, medicine is driven by the same kind of measurable goals and objectives that public health has been developing True False
True
Of the world's water, almost 10% is fresh True False
True False (C)
True or False? A number of studies, including the study of six cities, suggest that the largest particles are the most dangerous because they can invade the body's natural defenses and penetrate deeply into the lungs, becoming a chronic source of irritation. True False
True False (C)
The United Nations issued the Framework of Reaction, which reaffirmed the importance of sexual and reproductive health and rights of all people as a critical foundation for sustainable development. True False
True False (C)
The infant mortality rate in the United States is lower than in most western democracies True False
True False (C)
The health status of the American population is poor in international comparison, which is evidence that all the spending on medical care cannot compensate for failures in the public health system.
True (C) False
True or False? U.S. death rates compared to the UK, Japan and Germany have shown that Americans have lower life expectancy. True False
True (C) False
Why have medical costs risen over the past 50 years?
US has an aging population and increased access to new technology, including prescription drugs
In what State has nearly 70 percent of the children had their tonsils removed by the time they were 15 years old. Vermont California Hawaii Alaska
Vermont (C) California Hawaii Alaska
What is public health policy?
a course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government party business or individual most policies consist of statement or goal of what is to be accomplished set of practical rules, guidelines, programs or regulations to accomplish the stated goal All (C)
The leading cause of water pollution in the United States is _________. agriculture pharmaceutical pollution trash the automobile industry
agriculture (C) pharmaceutical pollution trash the automobile industry
As building materials, what do lead and asbestos have in common? - commonly used until the late 1970's -highly regulated today -risk of exposure increases with the deterioration f leas and asbestos contained material -all of above
all of above
Nitrogen oxides: - irritate the respiratory tract - contribute to ozone formation - are responsible for yellowish-brown smog - all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is true about DDT? - very persistent pesticide banned in the US in 1972 - potential of disrupting the endocrine system in humans and other animals - has been effective at eradicating mosquito populations - all of the above
all of the above
what are some alternatives for waste disposal in ladnfills? -an increase in recycling appropriate materials - reductions in unnecessary or excessive packaging -resuing items like grocery bags for multiple purposes -all of the above -none of above
all of the above
Which of the following is a method of tertiary prevention of injuries? -ambulances -childproof caps on medicine contiainers -airbags -laws requiring fences around swim pools
ambulances
What is the role for the infection control/disease Public Health Investigator?
assist in identifying and locating individuals or groups at risk of specified health problems
How can we improve physical activity in our suburban lifestyle?
build sidewalks
Most Americans' health insurance is paid for: - by their employers - by the federal, state, or local government - by themselves - by a charity
by the federal, state, or local government
One of the by-products of smoking is ___, which can interfere with the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
carbon monoxide
What population is most vulnerable to long-term health effects from lead exposure? -children -adults -elderly -all
children
How is solid waste disposed in the United States?
conversion to biofuels, incineration, recycling
(T/F) Injuries cannot and should not be treated as a public health problem
false
A failure in what process was responsible for the Milwaukee cryptosporiosis outbreak?
filtration
Which of the following did not contribute significantly to the drastic reduction in deaths due to infectious disease during the 20th century? -improvements in sanitation and hygiene -implementation of universal childhood vaccination programs -fortification of grains w folic acid
fortification of grains with folic acid
What topic of provisions does the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act deal with?
hazardous waste sites
An organization that manages both the financing and health services to enrolled members
health maintenance organization
Who is not at greater risk when contracted with H1N1 virus?
healthy young adults
Why does the US have higher medical costs than other developed nations?
higher administrative costs, malpractice insurance and aging population
Which of the following possible strategies for reducing air pollution has not been employed in the US -mandates for reducing automobile emissions -marketing of pollution allowances -higher taxes on gasoline -mandates for industries to report the kinds and amounts of pollutants they discharge
higher taxes on gasoline
Which of the following is an environmental effect of acid rain? impaired forest growth increase acidity for lakes and rivers death of fish and wildlife all
impaired forest growth increase acidity for lakes and rivers death of fish and wildlife all (c)
What are the goals for Healthy People 2020
increase quality and years of a healty life and eliminate health disparities
Goals for Healthy People 2010?
increase quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities
Over the past three decades, evidence has accumulated that even low levels of _______________ can slow a child's development and cause learning and behavior problems. lead radon gas mercury carbon dioxide
lead (C) radon gas mercury carbon dioxide
What health problem is associated with exposure to radon?
lung cancer
Federal guidelines recommend that americans eat more of all the following foods except - meat -fruits and veggies -low fat milk products -whole grains
meat
Which of the following is the most common cause of human health problems from food -microbes -irradiation -pesticides -food coloring -all of the above
microbes
What international treaty was aimed at protecting the ozone layer?
montreal protocol
All of the following contribute to motor vehicle injuries except - alcohol -youth -cell phone use -motorcycle helmets
motorcycle helmets
Which of the following are examples of point source pollution?
municipal sewage
Medicare
national health insurance program from persons over age 65 and certain disabled young persons
Is decline in deaths from Parkinson's disease a Public Health Achievement?
no
Which is NOT a public health response to natural and technological disasters? treatment of evac and injured food water shelter for survivors minimize environmental hazards search and rescue none of the above
none of the above
Which is not true about sulfur dioxide? - largest source of SO2 emission are from fossil fuel combustion from power plants - one of the criteria air pollutants - short term exposure can lead to adverse respiratory effects - none
none of the above
Which of the following is not a public health response to both natural and technological disasters? - search and rescue - treatment and evacuation of injured - food, water, shelter for survivors - minimize environmental hazards - none of the above
none of the above
What does NIMBY stand for?
not in my backyard
The state of Oregon's experiment with Medicaid is an example of medical _____ .
rationing
Which of the following about lead is not true? - its a risk to the development of children's brains - it is one of the criteria air pollutants - amount in the air has been increasing since the 1980's - it is no longer contained in gasoline
the amount has been increasing
Which of the following about lead isn't true?
the amount in the air has been increasing since the 1980's
Why are workers often referred to as guinea pigs when it comes to occupational exposures?
they are first to suffer effects of an exposure
(T/F) Public health advocates should try to ensure that every pregnancy is intended
true
millions of americans suffer from chronic conditions; the number will continue to rise (T/F)
true
some of the smaller sized particulate matter is sometimes harmful for respiratory passages than larger sized particles T/F
true
