PH302_CH2_CHRVW

The traditional epidemiologic triangle has which of the following elements? a. Environment, host, agent, time b. Environment, host, agent, diagnosis c. Time, energy, prevention, agent d. Subclinical disease, environment, host, time E. None of the above

A

Using the example from above, what is the specificity of the test? a. 88% b. 67% c. 25% d. 33% e. 12%

A

There are three levels of prevention, which one includes the process of screening for early detection of disease? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary

B

What a. Beer did studies by James Lind find was related to quick recovery from scurvy? b. Citrus fruit c. Salt pork d. Fresh vegetables

B

A screening test for breast cancer was administered to 400 women with biopsy-proven breast cancer and to 400 women without breast cancer. The test results were positive for 100 of the proven cases and 50 of the women without breast cancer. What is the sensitivity of the test? a. 88% b. 67% c. 25% d. 33% e. 12%

C

The modern epidemiologic triangle has which of the following elements? a. Environment, host, populations, time b. Agent, time, causative factors c. Behavior, time, causative factors, groups d. Host, populations, culture, agent e. None of the above

C

Although many guidelines exist to help assess causality, which of the following is the only one that is required: a. Consistency b. Strength of association c. Biological plausibility d. Temporality

D

The specificity of a measurement or a screening test is: a. The ability of a test to correctly identify those that have a disease b. The ability of a test to be done many times in a row c. The ability of a test to identify confounding d. The ability of a test to correctly identify those that don't have a disease

D

According to the modern epidemiologic triangle, which of the following elements are associated with disease: a. Behaviors b. Time c. Physiological factors d. Culture e. All of the above

E

(T/F) If all of the Bradford Hill Guidelines for causality are not met, there is no basis for establishing a causal relationship between the exposure and outcome.

F

(T/F) It is not possible to prevent disease until all aspects of its etiology are known.

F

T/F) After a disease has developed, there is no longer any reason to consider prevention aspects.

F

(T/F) A risk factor is something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease.

T