PHA 456 - Sunscreen (Exam 4)

Sunscreen should be applied every ____ hours and not to children under ____ months.

2; 6 mos.

SPF 15 sunscreen absorbs more than ____ UV-B radiation, while SPF 30 absorbs more than ____ UV-B radiation.

93% (not sufficient); 97% note: > 30 Protection increase of 0.8%.

What is the difference between sunscreen with SPF of 8 vs. SPF of 4?

A SPF of 8 protects twice as long as a SPF of 4. (not twice as much)

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer. What is the most common type of skin cancer?

Basal cell carcinoma note: most deadly is melanoma

What is Helioplex? What UV radiation does it protect against?

combination of avobenzone and oxybenzone. BROAD SPRECTRUM (UVA and UVB) note: so if you have sensitive skin, you should avoid this product

Describe the appearance of squamous cell carcinoma

appear as a scaly patch or an eroded red bump. These types of cancers do have metastatic potential.

Dibenzolymethane protects from what UV radiation?

long UVA wavelengths e.g. Avobenzone and Parsol 1789

Describe what water resistant and very water resistant sunscreen means.

-Water Resistant (effective for up to 40 minutes in water) -Very Water Resistant (effective for up to 80 in water)

How do you know you are experiencing a PHOTOALLERGIC rxn vs. a phototoxic rxn?

1. *2nd* exposure 2. Not dose related 3. Topical agents 4. Itching rash 5. Rash extends to non-exposed areas

How do you know you are experiencing a PHOTOTOXIC rxn vs. photoallergic?

1. 1st exposure 2. Dose related 3. described as "Greater than expected" 4. Rash confined to site of exposure 5. Oral, topical agent Example: taking first dose of Bactrim and goes outside for "only 30 minutes" and burns more than usual

What ingredients in sunscreen needs to be present to protect from UVA?

1. Avobenzone (Parsol 1789)* 2. Ecamsule (Mexoryl SX)* 3. Titanium dioxide* 4. Zinc oxide* 5. Benzophenone-3 6. Oxybenzone 7. Merdimate

Cons of salicylates

1. Frequent application because these agents wash off a lot 2. One-third absorbency of PABA

What are the cons of having PABA in sunscreens?

1. High alcohol content is drying 2. Staining 3. Allergic reactions 4. Application

Describe the appearance of melanoma

ABCDs *A is asymmetry*, a mole that is not the same on one side as the other. *B is border* - to be nice and round; we don't like the border to be scalloped or poorly demarcated. *C is color.* Good to see a uniform color of moles. Colors that are variable or lesions that have several different colors may be trouble. *D is diameter.* Larger lesions greater than 6 mm, or about the size of a pencil eraser, tend to be a bit more cause for concern. *Males on back, females on legs*

What does NO-AD and NO-AD sport contain?

Avobenzone (2%), Homosalate (15%), Octisalate (5%), *Oxybenzone (5%)* note: note: Oxybenzone has increased risk of reaction; do not use on sensitive skin

What does Neutrogena sunscreen contain?

Avobenzone (3%), Homosalate (8%), Octisalate (5%), Octocrylene (4%), *Oxybenzone (4%)* note: Oxybenzone has increased risk of reaction; do not use on sensitive skin

What other products (other than "tear free") are oxybenzone free? What do they contain?

Blue Lizard - Titanium Dioxide (5%), Zinc Oxide (10%) Neutrogena for Sensitive Skin - Titanium Dioxide (4.9%), Zinc Oxide (4.7%) Eucerin Daily Protection - Octinoxate, Zinc Oxide, Octisalate, Titanium Dioxide

Benzophenones protect from what UV radiation?

Broad spectrum coverage, protects against UVA and UVB

What ingredient in sunscreen is good for sensitive individuals and absorbs UV radiation = PABA?

Cinnamates e.g. Ethylhexyl - p. methoxycinnamate Octocrylene Octyl methoxycinnamate-OCTINOXATE*

What product is "recommended most by pediatricians" but worst product that can be used on a baby? Why?

Coppertone Water babies bc contains A LOT of oxybenzone

Which formulations of sunscreens provide the best retention?

Creams and gels

What oxybenzone free formulation is the cheapest and good for face application?

Eucerin Daily Protection

How MUCH sunscreen should be applied to each body part?

Face and neck - 5cc Arms and shoulders - 5cc Body - 5cc Legs - 5cc to each. Feet - 5cc Therefore, there is approximately 30 cc per application or 4 uses per 4 oz. bottle.

Pros of salicylates

Good for sensitive individuals

What are the ingredients in "tear free" sunscreens?

Homosalate (15%), Octinoxate (7.5%), Octisalate (5%), Titanium Dioxide (2.4%) or Zinc Oxide note: NO OXYBENZONE

What is a sun protection factor?

Is the number on the label that determines how long you can be outside and not get sunburned. The higher the number, the more you are protected (provided the sunscreen is used properly). note: SPF of # is blocking out UVB (not from UVA) UVB is what causes sunburn.

Describe the appearance of basal cell carcinoma

It is a slowly growing, shiny growth. It can have raised borders, and blood vessels can be visible in it. But it can also be dark in color, or manifest as a sore that doesn't heal or that tends to bleed on its own. Occasionally, basal cell carcinomas can also just look like a rash that never goes away.

Which formulations of sunscreens must be sprayed on and rubbed in to ensure uniform coverage?

Mists and sprays

What does Anthelios SX contain? What does each ingredient protect against?

Octocrylene: UVB protection Avobenzone: Long UVA ray protection Ecamsule (Mexoryl SX): Short UVA note: expensive! Remember rich women at the pool

Which formulations of sunscreens have lower SPF numbers?

Oils and Lotions

What is the best absorber of UV-B and the GOLD STANDARD?

Para-Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA) and PABA Esters

What is the problem with benzophenones?

People commonly have sensitivity to the benzophenones Benzophenone-3 (#1 to cause reactions) Oxybenzone (#3 to cause reactions)

What are the two categories of sunscreens? What is the difference b/w the two?

Physical - Opaque material that reflects and scatters UVA & UVB Chemical - chemical agents that absorb specific UV bands of light.

Salicylates protect from what UV radiation?

UV-B e.g. 2-ethylhexyl salicylate Homosalate Octyl salicylate OCTISALATE*

What type of UV radiation is associated with tanning booths, photosensitivity reactions, and breaking down collagen, wrinkles and sagging?

UVA

What type of UV radiation is associated with suntan and sunburn?

UVB

What are physical sunscreens?

Zinc oxide Titanium dioxide

What does "tear free" sunscreen mean? What are some examples?

oxybenzone free examples: Coppetone water babies PURE AND SIMPLE, Banana Boat Kids, Banana Boat Baby

What are the two types of photosensitivity reactions (sun allergies)?

photoallergic - immunologic response, occurs after REPEAT exposure to a drug phototoxic - chemically induced, drug absorbs UVA light and causes cellular damage *Most common type*

Anthranilates protect from what UV radiation?

photosensitivity reactions (UVA) e.g. Menthyl anthranilate- MERADIMATE*

What is the difference b/w "regular" SPF and broad spectrum SPF?

reg SPF = protects from UVB broad = UVA and B protection