PHARM CH 11: Drug Therapy for Hematopoietic Disorders
A nurse is to use a single-dose 1 mL vial to administer 0.5 mL of epoetin alfa to a 39-year-old woman who is being treated for chemotherapy-induced anemia. Which of the following will the nurse do with the unused portion of the drug?
Discard the unused portion of the drug.
The nurse notes a decreased red blood cell (RBC) count, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, as well as a decreased mean corpuscular volume. This could be attributable to a decrease in secretion of what hormone?
Erythropoietin
True or False. Cytokines often induce the synthesis of other cytokines.
False, cytokines often induce the synthesis of other cytokines.
True or False. Cytokines affect any cells they encounter that have cytokine receptors and are able to respond; they do not act in response to specific antigens.
True, Cytokines affect any cells they encounter that have cytokine receptors and are able to respond; they do not act in response to specific antigens.
Prototype of Interleukins (IL): a. Aldesleukin b. Interferon alfa 2b c. Filgrastim
a. Aldesleukin
A patient on Epoetin alfa should be monitored on (select all that apply): a. BP b. Executive function c. DVT d. Liver enzymes e. Creatinine
a. BP c. DVT
Epoetin alfa prevent anemia associated with (select all that apply): a. Chronic kidney disease b. Hepatic impairment c. Chronic cocaine use d. Diabetes mellitus e. Bone disease
a. Chronic kidney disease b. Hepatic impairment
A patient on Epoetin alfa should be monitored on (select all that apply): a. Decreased cardiac perfusion b. Mental changes c. Muscle strength d. RBC e. Hours of sleep
a. Decreased cardiac perfusion b. Mental changes d. RBC
Hematopoietic growth factors or cytokines control the _________ of stem cells and CFUs (select all that apply). a. Differentiation b. Distribution c. Reproduction d. Growth e. Movement
a. Differentiation c. Reproduction d. Growth
Aldesleukin adverse effects (select all that apply): a. Mental status changes b. Dizziness c. Insomnia d. Restlessness e. Trembling
a. Mental status changes b. Dizziness
Epoetin alfa nursing management (select all that apply): a. Multi-dose vial used within 21 days b. Shake vial before using c. Avoid citrus juices d. Maintain Hgb < 12g/dL e. Encourage taking iron supplements
a. Multi-dose vial used within 21 days d. Maintain Hgb < 12g/dL e. Encourage taking iron supplements
Aldesleukin adverse effects (select all that apply): a. N/V b. GI bleed c. Nervousness d. Restlessness e. Fever
a. N/V b. GI bleed e. Fever
Cytokines act as ________ among cells and _______ for blood cells. a. chemical messengers, growth factors b. growth factors, chemical messengers c. chemical messengers, colony-forming units
a. chemical messengers, growth factors
There are various types of ________ based on the different types of colonies that grow in the presence of different factors. For example: macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). a. colony-stimulating factor (CSF) b. pluripotent c. colony-forming unit (CFU)
a. colony-stimulating factor (CSF)
The major signal for erythropoietin production is a ____________. a. decreased oxygen level b. low WBC count c. decreased CO2 level
a. decreased oxygen level
Formation of blood cells a. hematopoiesis b. immunocompetence c. immunodeficiency
a. hematopoiesis
Cytokines are involved in _________. a. humoral immunity b. inflammation c. mutations d. formation of tumors e. cellular immunity
a. humoral immunity b. inflammation e. cellular immunity
Epoetin alfa MOA: a. induces erythropoiesis b. induces production of stem cells c. induces progenitor cells
a. induces erythropoiesis
Flu-like symptoms (fever, muscle pain, etc.) result from the production of ___________. a. interferons and other cytokines b. celll damage c. tissue damage
a. interferons and other cytokines
Indications for aldesleukin (select all that apply): a. metastatic renal cell carcinoma b. metastatic melanoma c. fever d. migraine e severe nausea
a. metastatic renal cell carcinoma b. metastatic melanoma
What are the primary factors that contribute to the body's ability to fight off infection? Select all that apply. a. normal hematopoiesis b. normal immune system function c. normal cardiovascular function d. increased platelet cell production e. decreased exposure to microorganisms
a. normal hematopoiesis b. normal immune system function c. normal cardiovascular function
The exposure of ________ controls the production, growth, and differentiation of specific blood cell types. a. pluripotent cells to CSFs b. RBC cells to CSFs c. WBCs to CSFs
a. pluripotent cells to CSFs
Most hematopoietic and immunostimulant drugs are _______. a. synthetic cytokines b. synthetic RBCs c. synthetic stem cells
a. synthetic cytokines
Mr. Singh is a 66-year-old man who is receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer that has metastasized to his liver. In an effort to prevent infection, Mr. Singh has been prescribed filgrastim (Neupogen). Which of the nurse's following assessment questions most directly addresses a common adverse effect of filgrastim? a. "Have you noticed any bleeding in your gums or cheeks?" b. "Do you feel like you're having any pain in your bones?" c. "Are you experiencing any waves of cool, clammy skin?" d. "Have you had any shortness of breath lately?"
b. "Do you feel like you're having any pain in your bones?"
Risks of MI & CVA if hgb a. > 6g/d b. > 12g/d c. > 24g/d
b. > 12g/d
Epoetin alfa adverse effects (select all that apply): a. Increased WBC count b. Arthralgias c. s/s of CVA d. s/s of DVT e. Depression
b. Arthralgias, d. s/s of DVT
Conditions that trigger erythropoietin production include (select all that apply): a. liver disease b. COPD c. kidney disease d. high altitude e. diabetes
b. COPD d. high altitude
Epoetin alfa prevent anemia associated with (select all that apply): a. Osteoporosis b. Chemotherapy c. Reduce need for transfusion in anemic pts d. Alzheimer disease e. Metabolic acidosis
b. Chemotherapy c. Reduce need for transfusion in anemic pts.
Interferon alfa 2b adverse effects (select all that apply): a. Severe headache b. Chest pain c. Hypertension d. Alopecia e. Syncope
b. Chest pain d. Alopecia
Epoetin alfa adverse effects (select all that apply): a. Constipation b. Hypertension c. Edema d. Suicidality e. May stimulate tumor growth
b. Hypertension c. Edema e. May stimulate tumor growth
Interferon alfa 2b adverse effects (select all that apply): a. Insomnia b. Increase in liver enzymes c. Anxiety d. Severe depression e. Renal damage
b. Increase in liver enzymes d. Severe depression
The pharmacology class learns that epoetin alfa is an immunosuppressant drug that is designed to have what expected outcome? a. Decreased RBC count b. Increased RBC count c. Increased WBC count d. Decreased WBC count
b. Increased RBC count
The nurse administers epoetin alfa (Epogen). What is the therapeutic response the nurse expects to assess? a. Elevated white blood cell count b. Increased red blood cell count c. Increased resistance to infection d. Elevated heart rate
b. Increased red blood cell count
A patient has just been told that her cancer has metastasized to the right kidney. An interferon has been prescribed to treat this metastasis. The patient asks why the interferon is ordered. What is the nurse's best response? a. It has been shown to protect autologous tumor cells. b. It has been shown to inhibit tumor growth. c. It has been shown to enhance allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. d. It has been shown to have a direct proliferative effect on renal tumors.
b. It has been shown to inhibit tumor growth.
Interferon alfa 2b indications (select all that apply): a. Hypertension b. Malignant melanoma c. Diabetes d. Psoriasis e. Dandruff
b. Malignant melanoma
Aldesleukin adverse effects (select all that apply): a. Depression b. Myalgia c. Arthralgia d. Hypertension e. Fatigue
b. Myalgia c. Arthralgia e. Fatigue
The nurse is mentoring a first-year nursing student while caring for a client with a disease that affects the hematopoietic system. The student looks confused and says "I've never heard of that system. What is it?" How would the nurse respond? a. "The hematopoietic system is composed of fluid, red blood cells, white blood cells, and fibrosis." b. "The hematopoietic system is composed of fluid, red blood cells, white blood cells, and fibrinogen." c. "The hematopoietic system is composed of fluid, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets."
c. "The hematopoietic system is composed of fluid, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets."
A patient on Filgrastim should maintain absolute neutrophil count (ANC) within a. 100-100,000 cells/mm b. 15-10,000 cells/mm c. 1500-10,000 cells/mm
c. 1500-10,000 cells/mm
Which patient will be at the greatest risk for anemia and be the most likely candidate for epoetin alfa therapy? a. A 20-year-old female b. A 30-year-old pregnant woman c. A 62-year-old male with cancer d. A 40-year-old male with a high white blood cell count
c. A 62-year-old male with cancer
Interferon alfa 2b indications (select all that apply): a. Chronic hepatitis A b. Tuberculosis c. Chronic hepatitis B & C d. Goiter e. Condylomata acuminata
c. Chronic hepatitis B & C e. Condylomata acuminata
Stimulates production, maturation, & activation of neutrophils in bone marrow a. Interleukin-9 MOA b. Epoetin alfa MOA c. Filgrastim MOA
c. Filgrastim MOA
_________enhance the erythrocyte production and oxygen-carrying capability. a. Pluripotent stem cells b. Immunostimulants c. Hematopoietic growth factors
c. Hematopoietic growth factors
Erythropoietin is secreted by the: a. liver b. thyroid c. kidneys
c. kidneys
Filgrastim prevent infection in _____ induced by chemo/bone marrow transplantation a. granulopenia b. macrophagia c. neutropenia
c. neutropenia
Stem cells in the bone marrow are often called ________ because they are capable of becoming different types of cells. a. multifaceted b. polypotent c. pluripotent
c. pluripotent
Aldesleukin increase all EXCEPT: a. NK cells b. B cells c. tumor growth d. T cells
c. tumor growth
The pharmacology instructor is talking about interferon. The instructor explains that agents such as interferons have more than one biologic function. What function is NOT associated with interferons? a. Immunomodulatory b. Antiviral c. Antiproliferative d. Antibacterial
d. Antibacterial
Stimulates platelets and other cells a. IL-3 b. IL-2 c. IL-12 d. IL-11
d. IL-11
Clinical manifestations of inadequate erythropoiesis: a. N/V b. Abdominal pain c. Hot flashes d. Light-headedness e. Waxy pallor
d. Light-headedness e. Waxy pallor
Filgrastim side effects (select all that apply): a. Abdominal cramping b. Waxy pallor c. Hypotension d. N/V e. Bone pain
d. N/V e. Bone pain
A nurse is caring for a 73-year-old male client scheduled to undergo chemotherapy. What drug would the nurse expect to be ordered to prevent infection in this client? a. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) b. Epoetin alfa (Epogen) c. Aldesleukin (Proleukin) d. Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)
d. Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)
Interferon alfa 2b MOA (select all that apply): a. Inhibit release of cytokines b. Stimulate release of virus proteins c. Inhibit antigen presentation d. Preventing virus replication e. Stimulating interferon receptor sites on non-invaded cells to produce antiviral proteins
d. Preventing virus replication e. Stimulating interferon receptor sites on non-invaded cells to produce antiviral protein
A client has been diagnosed with genital warts. Which medication would the nurse anticipate being prescribed? a. epoetin alfa b. pegfilgrastim c. darbepoetin alfa d. interferon alfa-2b
d. interferon alfa-2b
Erythropoiesis
production of red blood cells
The nurse is caring for a client who just received a cancer diagnosis. The client tells the nurse, "I saw the commercials on TV and I want to start taking Procrit immediately so I don't get tired from chemotherapy." What is the nurse's best response? You Selected:
"Procrit is only effective if you develop anemia from chemotherapy that is caused by low levels of erythropoietin."
True or False. Interleukins (ILs) act only on leukocytes.
False, interleukins (ILs) does not act only on leukocytes.
A client is receiving darbepoetin. The laboratory report indicates that the client's hemoglobin level increased 2 g/dL in 2 weeks and is now 12 g/dL. What would the nurse expect the health care provider to do?
Reduce the medication
The nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with anemia. What symptoms does the nurse expect to assess in the patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Elevated heart rate b. Fatigue c. Elevated oxygen saturation d. Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count e. Flushed skin
a. Elevated heart rate b. Fatigue
The nurse is caring for Ms. Johnson, a 62-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. The health care provider orders sargramostim as part of her treatment. What laboratory result would be anticipated secondary to the administration of this medication? a. Elevation of serum creatinine level b. Abrupt increase in the WBC count c. Increase in lymph in the lymph nodes d. Increase in the irregularity of arrhythmias
a. Elevation of serum creatinine level
Interferon alfa 2b MOA (select all that apply): a. Enhancing immune response b. Inhibiting tumor growth c. Promote tissue proliferation d. Promote tumor growth e. Inhibit release of cytokines
a. Enhancing immune response b. Inhibiting tumor growth
Prototype of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents a. Epoetin alfa b. Darbepoetin alfa c. Epoetin beta
a. Epoetin alfa
Stimulates bone marrow production of RBCs (erythropoiesis). a. Erythropoietin b. Thyroid-stimulating hormone c. Melatonin d. ADH
a. Erythropoietin
Clinical manifestations of inadequate erythropoiesis: a. Headache b. Anxiety c. Memory loss d. Muscle weakness e. Numbness and tingling
a. Headache d. Muscle weakness
Stimulates T and B lymphocytes a. IL-3 b. IL-2 c. IL-12 d. IL-11
a. IL-2
Stimulates growth of stem cell precursors of all blood cells a. IL-3 b. IL-2 c. IL-12 d. IL-11
a. IL-3
_________ are drugs that enhance immune function; they help a person fight disease. a. Immunostimulants b. Interleukins c. Inteferons
a. Immunostimulants
Prototype of interferons: a. Interferon alfa 2b b. Interferon beta 2b c. Interferon-9
a. Interferon alfa 2b
A nurse has been assigned to a 43-year-old man who is to receive epoetin alfa therapy. The patient is HIV-positive and has anemia related to zidovudine therapy. The nurse will monitor: a. Iron levels b. Chemotherapy c. Renal failure d. Swelling of veins
a. Iron levels
Contraindications of Interferon alfa 2b (select all that apply): a. Known allergy b. Renal disease c. Symptoms of liver disease d. Post transplantation immunosuppression e. Blood disease
a. Known allergy c. Symptoms of liver disease d. Post transplantation immunosuppression
Interferon alfa 2b indications (select all that apply): a. Leukemia b. Kaposi sarcoma c. d. e.
a. Leukemia b. Kaposi sarcoma
Contraindications for Aldesleukin (select all that apply): a. Liver impairment b. Elderly c. Cardiovascular impairment d. Renal impairment e. GI ulcers
a. Liver impairment c. Cardiovascular impairment d. Renal impairment
All are methods of Interferon alfa 2b administration EXCEPT: a. Oral b. Parenteral c. Intralesionally
a. Oral
Parameters used to measure erythropoiesis include: a. RBC count b. WBC count c. hemoglobin concentration d. hematocrit e. liver function
a. RBC count c. hemoglobin concentration d. hematocrit
Epoetin alfa increases which of the following (select all that apply): a. RBCs b. Hemoglobin (Hgb) c. WBCs d. Cytokines e. Hematocrit (Hct)
a. RBCs b. Hemoglobin (Hgb) e. Hematocrit (Hct)
The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease who is receiving epoetin alfa. Which assessment finding would be of greatest concern for the nurse? a. Reports of calf pain on dorsiflexion of the foot b. A rash under the breast c. 1 pound weight gain in 1 week d. Dry, nonproductive cough
a. Reports of calf pain on dorsiflexion of the foot
Aldesleukin adverse effects (select all that apply): a. Respiratory difficulties b. Depression c. Hypotension d. Arrhythmias e. Suicidality
a. Respiratory difficulties c. Hypotension d. Arrhythmias
Clinical manifestations of inadequate erythropoiesis: a. Slowed thought processes b. Insomnia c. Rebound hypertension d. Depression e. Irritability
a. Slowed thought processes d. Depression e. Irritability
A male client is diagnosed with severe neutropenia and is prescribed filgrastim. What is the desired effect? a. To increase white blood cells b. To increase red blood cells c. To increase electrolytes d. To decrease leukocytes
a. To increase white blood cells
Interferons will "interfere" with which of the following (select all that apply): a. activate macrophages b. activate RBCs c. interfere with pus formation d. activate NK cells e. enhance communication when an antigen is identified
a. activate macrophages d. activate NK cells e. enhance communication when an antigen is identified
A client, diagnosed with chronic renal failure, has begun experiencing increasing shortness of breath. The nurse suspects that the client is experiencing symptoms associated with which resulting condition? a. anemia b. hypoglycemia c. hypertension d. thrombocytopenia
a. anemia
Cytokines are involved in __________. a. cellular differentiation b. tissue deposits c. bursting of old RBCs d. wound healing e. formation of bruises
a. cellular differentiation d. wound healing
Aldesleukin activates: a. cellular immunity b. passive immunity c. acquired immunity
a. cellular immunity
A client, currently prescribed epoetin alfa, has recent blood work that reveals a hemoglobin level of 12.8 g/dL. What action does this assessment finding necessitate regarding the epoetin alfa? a. temporarily withholding administration b. administering an unscheduled dose c. changing the route of administration d. requesting a change in the dosage
a. temporarily withholding administration
Interferons will "interfere" with which of the following (select all that apply): a. virus replication b. macrophage distribution c. healthy cell growth d. tumor growth e. healthy tissue replication
a. virus replication d. tumor growth
You are precepting a nursing student and together you are caring for a patient who is to receive interleukins. The student nurse asks you what happens physiologically when a patient receives interleukins. What would be your best response? a. "It really helps the patient!" b. "The patient has increases in the number of natural killer cells." c. "The patient has decreased cytokine activity." d. "The patient gets really sick from flu-like symptoms and then gets better."
b. "The patient has increases in the number of natural killer cells."
The home care nurse is caring for a client who is self-administering epoetin. What assessment is most important for the nurse to complete during the visit? a. Pulse b. Blood pressure c. Temperature d. Respirations
b. Blood pressure
A patient on Epoetin alfa should be monitored on (select all that apply): a. Headache b. Chest pain c. Metabolic acidosis d. H/H e. Energy levels
b. Chest pain d. H/H e. Energy levels
Nursing management of Interferon alfa 2b (select all that apply): a. Consume foods high in tyramine b. Consume foods that contain vitamin C c. Take an iron supplement d. Maintain a Hbg > 10 mg/dl e. Therapeutic effects may take 2-6 months
b. Consume foods that contain vitamin C c. Take an iron supplement e. Therapeutic effects may take 2-6 months
In learning about immunostimulants, what would you learn is an expected outcome of these medications? a. RBC of 3,000 mm3 b. Decreased numbers or severity of infections c. Increased life expectancy d. WBC of 20,000 mm3
b. Decreased numbers or severity of infections
Patient education of Interferon alfa 2b (select all that apply): a. Store drug in pantry b. Do not freeze or shake the drug vial c. Store the drug in the refrigerator d. Do not change brands e. Eat with whole grain foods
b. Do not freeze or shake the drug vial c. Store the drug in the refrigerator d. Do not change brands
Filgrastim side effects (select all that apply): a. Insomnia b. Drowiness c. Muscle pain d. Fatigue e. Muscle weakness
b. Drowiness d. Fatigue
Allergy and uncontrolled hypertension is the contraindications of: a. Filgrastim b. Epoetin alfa c. Interferon alfa 2b
b. Epoetin alfa
Filgrastim side effects (select all that apply): a. Hypertension b. Flu-like symptoms c. Severe headache d. Sweating e. Trembling
b. Flu-like symptoms
During recovery from a gastrointestinal bleed, a client has been prescribed an iron preparation. Prior to beginning therapy, what assessment should the nurse prioritize? a. White cell differential b. Hematocrit and hemoglobin c. Aspartate transaminase levels d. Serum creatinine levels
b. Hematocrit and hemoglobin
Epoetin alfa side effects (select all that apply): a. Insomnia b. N/V c. Loss of bone density d. Headache e. Diarrhea
b. N/V e. Diarrhea
Filgrastim administration (select all that apply): a. Oral b. Sub Q c. IM d. IV e. Interlesionally
b. Sub Q d. IV
The nurse administers interferon alpha-2b to a patient. Which assessment finding will the nurse act on immediately? a. The patient administered the medication at home. b. The patient has elevated liver function tests. c. The patient reports feeling "fatigued." d. The patient has a form of leukemia.
b. The patient has elevated liver function tests.
A patient has completed 4 weeks of treatment with epoetin alfa. Which of the following assessment findings would most strongly indicate that treatment has been effective? a. The patient white blood cell level is within reference ranges b. The patient's hemoglobin level is 11 g/dL c. The patient maintains an oxygen saturation of 92% on room air d. Capillary refill in the patient's nail beds is less than or equal to 3 seconds
b. The patient's hemoglobin level is 11 g/dL
A male client is prescribed interferon. What is his probable diagnosis? a. Hypertension b. Viral hepatitis c. Sepsis d. Bacteremia
b. Viral hepatitis
Take Interferon alfa 2b at _______ to reduce adverse effects. a. daytime b. bedtime c. evening
b. bedtime
Cytokines act by _________. a. using a second messenger b. binding to receptors on target cells c. using a third messenger
b. binding to receptors on target cells
Hematopoietic and immune blood cells originate in the __________. a. adipose tissue b. bone marrow c. metaphysis
b. bone marrow
Cytokines are involved in __________. a. formation of acne b. cellular proliferation c. metastasis d. hematopoiesis e. leukemia
b. cellular proliferation, d. hematopoiesis
These proteins may bind directly to a cytokine and inhibit its activity. a. colony-forming unit (CFU) b. cytokine antagonists c. cytokine agonist
b. cytokine antagonists
A patient on Filgrastim should have a: a. increase in interleukin count b. decrease in incidence of infection c. increase in RBC count
b. decrease in incidence of infection
Normal immune system function a. hematopoiesis b. immunocompetence c. immunodeficiency
b. immunocompetence
Responsible for activating B and T lymphocytes as well as hematopoietic cells. a. interferons b. interleukins c. pluripotent stem cells
b. interleukins
Stimulates hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes a. IL-3 b. IL-2 c. IL-12 d. IL-11
c. IL-12
Which would a nurse identify as the primary issue associated with anemias? a. Defective white blood cells b. Increased plasma proteins c. Ineffective red blood cells d. Lack of vitamin B12
c. Ineffective red blood cells
The nurse has just admitted a client to the unit who is newly diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma. The health care provider has order an IV infusion of an interferon. What drug has the provider ordered? a. Epoetin alfa b. Filgrastim c. Interferon alfa-2b d. Peginterferon alfa-2b
c. Interferon alfa-2b
_________ are cytokines that "interfere" with the ability of viruses in infected cells to replicate and spread to uninfected cells. a. Histamine b. Pluripotent stem cells c. Interferons
c. Interferons
Adverse effects of epoetin and darbepoetin include increased risks of what condition? a. Hyperlipidemia b. Diabetes mellitus type 2 c. Myocardial infarction d. Cirrhosis of the liver
c. Myocardial infarction
Interferon alfa 2b adverse effects (select all that apply): a. Insomnia b. Waxy pallor c. Psychosis d. Suicidality e. Cyanosis
c. Psychosis d. Suicidality
After assessing the client receiving erythropoietin drug therapy, the nurse suspects what finding is an adverse effect of erythropoietin drug therapy? a. The client has not had a bowel movement for 4 days. b. The client's blood pressure is 102/59 mm Hg. c. The client has peripheral edema to the feet and lower legs. d. The client reports a "low," "sad" mood.
c. The client has peripheral edema to the feet and lower legs.
A client has been prescribed epoetin alfa. What assessment finding may suggest that the drug is contraindicated? a. The client takes bupropion for the treatment of depression. b. The client frequently has loose stools. c. The client's blood pressure is 161/107 mm Hg. d. The client is short of breath on exertion.
c. The client's blood pressure is 161/107 mm Hg.
A client taking epoetin alfa requests changing the medication from the subcutaneous route to the PO route. How should the nurse respond? a. The oral route is not as effective. b. The drug dose must be increased if being given via the oral route. c. This medication is destroyed in the stomach and can only be given by injection. d. This medication causes severe diarrhea if given orally.
c. This medication is destroyed in the stomach and can only be given by injection.
Hematopoietic cytokines are produced mainly by a. bone marrow and RBCs b. bone marrow only c. bone marrow and WBCs
c. bone marrow and WBCs
Aldesleukin administration a. oral b. IM c. by a specialist in a hospital setting
c. by a specialist in a hospital setting
A stem cell that produces a cell type in a specific cell line is called a: a. specific-forming cell (SFC) b. pluripotent stem cell c. colony-forming unit (CFU)
c. colony-forming unit (CFU)
Inadequate or impaired hematopoiesis or immune function a. hematopoiesis b. immunocompetence c. immunodeficiency
c. immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency leads to high risks of ________. a. leukemia b. diabetes c. infection and cancer
c. infection and cancer
Prototype of colony-stimulating factors a. Epoetin alfa b. Darbepoetin alfa c. Epoetin beta d. Filgrastim
d. Filgrastim
Epoetin alfa administration a. Sub q b. IM c. IV d. a and c only
d. a and c only
Conditions that trigger erythropoietin production include (select all that apply): a. leukemia b. hyperthyroidism c. obesity d. hemorrhage e. anemia
d. hemorrhage e. anemia