Pharm Exam #2

The four steps of pharmacokinetics are listed below. Place them in the order in which they occur when a medication is administered to a client.

1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Excretion

Mr. Shen, admitted with psychoneurotic disorder, receives Atarax 25 mg po daily in the morning. You have Atarax 10mg/5mL. How many milliliters will you administer per dose?

12.5 mL

The physician orders Triazolam 0.25 mg po at bedtime. The pharmacy supplies 0.125mg tablets. How many tablets will the nurse administer per dose?

2 tablets

The physician orders 500 mL of dextran to be infused over 24 hours. How many milliliters per hour should the IV pump be programmed for?

21 mL/hr

A client is receiving 250 mg of a drug that has a half-life of 8 hours. How much drug would remain after 24 hours?

31.25 mg

Your client has acute bronchitis and has cefaclor 500 mg po q12h ordered. The pharmacy supplies cefaclor oral suspension 375mg/5mL. How many milliliters will you administer per dose?

6.7 mL

A patient is administered an oral contraceptive. Which of the following is the process that occurs between the time the drug enters the body and the time tat it enters the bloodstream?

Absorption

Protein binding is an important aspect of pharmacokinetics. Protein binding ultimately has which of the following effects on drug action?

Decreases the drugs speed of action

First-pass effect

Inactivation of an orally administered drug by liver enzymes before entering the general circulation.

A client in cardiovascular collapse requires pharmacological interventions involving a rapid drug action and response. What route of administration is most likely appropriate?

Intravenous

Which of the following sites of drug absorption is considered to have an exceptionally large surface area for drug absorption?

Lungs

The student nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a client who has liver disease. The student nurse expects a reduction in dosage based on the understanding that which of the following might be altered?

Metabolism

A client has been brought to the emergency department by ambulance, and his friend states that he has overdosed on methadone, a long-acting opioid. The care team is preparing to administer the appropriate antidote, naloxone, which has a shorter half-life than methadone. What are the implications of this aspect of pharmacokinetics?

Repeated doses of naloxone will likely be needed

Critical concentration

The amount of drug that must be reached in tissues to cause the desired effect.

A nurse has administered a dose of a drug that is known to be highly protein bound. What are the implications of this characteristic?

The molecules of the drug that are bound to protein are inactive

Half-life

The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to 50% of the peak level.

Loading dose

The use of a higher dose than that which is usually used for the treatment.

When assessing a client for possible factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug, the client with a history of which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the client may experience an alteration in the distribution of a drug?

Vascular disease

A patient required a high doses of his new antihypertensive medication because the new medication has a significant first-pass effect. This means that the drug:

is extensively metabolized in the client's liver