pharm prepu exam 1

The nurse is giving instructions to the client prior to discharge. The client states that he does not like to take a lot of drugs. The nurse's best response would be what?

"Failure to complete the entire treatment may result in a return of the infection."

The nurse is educating a pregnant client about the importance of taking medication only as prescribed by a heatlh care provider while breast feeding. What statement made by the client indicates the education provided has been effective?

"Many drugs can be passed through the breast milk, causing ill effects to the infant."

A client with cancer pain has been receiving morphine sulfate for several days. For the past few days, the medication is no longer effective in controlling the client's pain, and a larger dose is needed to have the same effect. How should the nurse explain this phenomenon to the client?

"This is likely a result of your developing tolerance to the medication."

A client received erythromycin before dental surgery. The client has a past history of a cardiac surgery. The rest of the client's history is unremarkable. What does the nurse teach the client about this medication?

"You are receiving this medication to prevent infection that may affect your heart."

How long should an infusion of vancomycin be programmed to run to minimize the client's risk of developing symptoms associated with excessive histamine release?

1 to 2 hours

A client has been started on augmentin 250 mg P.O. every 12 hr. It is supplied in 500-mg tablets. How much will the nurse give at each dose?

1/2 tablet

A client's prescription reads that the client should receive cefaclor 250 mg orally q 8 hr. The drug is available in the form of a 125-mg tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer in order to meet the recommended dose and at what time intervals?

2 tablets every 8 hours

For which clients would treatment with acyclovir be most clearly indicated?

A 77-year-old whose recent debilitating pain has been attributed to a herpes zoster infection

What would the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a patient who is social drinker and has been given a prescription for a narcotic analgesic?

Alcohol will potentiate the effect of the narcotic analgesic and can have a dangerous effect.

Clients at increased risk for adverse reactions to either aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolones include all of the following EXCEPT:

Clients with anemia.

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV gentamicin and knows that the client should not receive what medication at the same time because it may mask symptoms of ototoxicity?

Diphenhydramine

A client has been prescribed ciprofloxacin IV for the treatment of cellulitis. After initiating the infusion of the client's first scheduled dose, the client develops a pronounced rash on the chest and arms. How should the nurse respond initially to this event?

Discontinue the infusion and inform the care provider promptly.

A client has been prescribed metronidazole for treatment of Giardia. What instruction is most important for the nurse to give to this client?

Do not drink alcohol while taking this medication.

The nurse is caring for a client who appears to be developing anaphylactic shock. What drug does the nurse anticipate the health care practitioner will order to treat this condition?

Epinephrine (adrenalin)

Which organization is responsible for approving new drugs in the United States?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

The nurse is caring for a 62-year-old who has orders to receive gentamicin (Garamycin). The client reports difficulty hearing. What should the nurse do?

Hold the dose and notify the health care provider immediately.

A nurse needs to administer a cephalosporin to a patient. The patient informs the nurse that he is allergic to penicillin. Which of the following actions is the nurse most likely to take in such a situation?

Inform the primary health care provider.

A client is prescribed penicillin V orally for a strep throat. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?

It inhibits cell wall synthesis.

A student asks the pharmacology instructor if there is a way to increase the benefits and decrease the risks of antibiotic therapy. What would be an appropriate response by the instructor?

It is important to use antibiotics cautiously and to teach clients to complete the full course of an antibiotic prescription.

When discussing cephalosporins with the nursing class, the pharmacology instructor explains that this classification of drug is primarily excreted through which organ?

Kidney

The nurse prepares to administer gentamicin intravenous every 8 hours to an older adult client. Which interventions should the nurse provide to decrease nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity? Select all that apply.

Obtain baseline assessment of cranial nerve eight and periodic measurements during therapy. Monitor estimated creatinine clearance and BUN at baseline and periodically during therapy. Provide the client with 2 to 3 L of noncaffeinated oral fluids daily, unless contraindicated.

Which would be most important prior to beginning therapy with a urinary anti-infective agent?

Obtaining a urine culture and sensitivity test

The client has been prescribed a drug that must be taken on an empty stomach. The nurse knows that to administer a medication on an empty stomach, it is given in which way?

One hour prior to a meal or two hours after the meal

Which of the client's medications should the nurse expect to be absorbed most slowly?

Oral acetaminophen, given for a fever

Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically related to which classes of antibiotics?

Penicillins

What type of drug therapy uses an individualized drug plan based upon a client's DNA?

Pharmacogenetics

A method that describes the process of absorption, distribution, and elimination of a drug in the body is known as:

Pharmacokinetics.

A nurse is administering a Schedule II drug to a patient. What most concerns the nurse about this medication therapy?

Schedule II drugs have a high potential to become addictive and be abused.

A nurse is caring for a patient who has a serious infection. The patient is being treated with combination therapy of a cefazolin and an aminoglycoside. The nurse will be sure to monitor which of the following?

Serum BUN and creatinine levels

What symptom should the nurse expect to find if the client begins to exhibit signs of ototoxicity?

Tinnitus

The nurse should notify the health care provider immediately if a client has this possible sign of serious neurotoxicity when a client is receiving an aminoglycoside. (Select all that apply.)

Tremors Circumoral paresthesia Numbness or tingling of the skin (peripheral paresthesia) Muscle twitching or weakness

A health care center is conducting a seminar on cephalosporins drugs. During the question-and-answer period, the audience wants examples of conditions that can be treated by cephalosporins. Which of the following infections should the nurse state as examples?

Urinary tract infections

The nurse is caring for a 23-year-old female client who uses oral contraceptives and has been prescribed ampicillin for treatment of a respiratory infection. What information is most important for the nurse to share with this client?

Use a type of barrier birth control while you are taking this antibiotic.

What client may be receiving a drug from an animal source?

a client who has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism

After administering a medication to a client, the client reports an upset stomach. The nurse interprets this as a negative effect of the drug and identifies it as a(n):

adverse effect.

The nurse is collaborating with the healthcare provider of a client who presented with signs and symptoms of an infection. What information should the nurse prioritize so that the healthcare provider can prescribe the proper antibiotic?

culture and sensitivity test results

A nurse is caring for a client who has been receiving a drug by the intramuscular (IM) route at a dose of 0.25 mg. After discharge, the client will be prescribed the same medication orally at a dose of 2.5 mg. What phenomenon should the nurse describe when explaining the reason for the increased dosage for the oral dose?

first-pass effect

After teaching a group of students about the indications for use for aminoglycosides, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which type of infection as a primary indication?

gram-negative infections

A client in cardiovascular collapse requires pharmacological interventions involving a rapid drug action and response. What route of administration is most likely appropriate?

intravenous

The nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit. This client took an overdose of acetaminophen 3 days previously and now has jaundice. Laboratory results show elevated liver enzymes. The nurse understands that the client:

is experiencing hepatotoxicity and may have permanent liver damage.

what plays the largest role in drug excretion

kidneys

The nurse should advise clients taking phenazopyridine (Pyridium) that they may notice a change in urine color. Which color would the nurse identify?

orange

A client has been admitted to the critical care unit with a diagnosis of peritonitis that has necessitated treatment with gentamicin. As a result, the care team should be cautious when concurrently administering other medications that may cause which?

ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity.

Which term is used to describe the study of drugs and their action on living organisms

pharmacology

A nurse is teaching a patient about drug therapy for a disease process. What is the appropriate terminology for this therapy?

pharmacotherapy

The nurse is providing medication teaching for a client. The nurse has asked the client to provide a complete list of medications taken to healthcare providers. Ensuring this list is complete will have what potential benefit for the client?

reducing the client's likelihood of drug to drug interactions

Absorption is the process by which a drug is made available for use in the body. What factors influence the rate of absorption? Select all that apply.

route first-pass effect solubility of the drug conditions in the body

The nurse is assessing a client who may be experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. What assessment finding is most consistent with this diagnosis?

shortness of breath

Which phrase accurately describes the concept of a medication's serum half-life?

the time needed for the serum level to fall by 50%

Drugs are classified according to what standard?

their effects on particular body systems, therapeutic uses, and chemical characteristics