Pharm PrepU Exam 1

What neurotransmitter does the cholinergic system use? A) Acetylcholine B) Dopamine C) GABA D) Serotonin

A) Acetylcholine

After reviewing information about drugs used to treat lower respiratory system conditions, a group of nursing students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as an example of a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA)? A) Albuterol B) Formoterol C) Salmeterol D) Arformoterol

A) Albuterol

What is the first of the five steps in the nursing process? A) Assessment B) Documentation C) Analysis D) Planning E) Evaluation

A) Assessment

When assessing a client who has developed an anaphylactic reaction, what would the nurse expect to find? A) Difficulty breathing B) Decreased hematocrit C) Swollen lymph nodes D) Swollen joints

A) Difficulty breathing

A mother asks why she cannot use adult dosages of over-the-counter (OTC) medication for her 11-year-old child. Which explanation best demonstrates the nurse's understanding of the importance of the mother's question? A) Drug therapy in children requires special considerations because of the child's size, developmental level, and organ function. B) It is a generally safe practice to give an 11-year-old half of the suggested adult dosage. C) Children younger than 16 years of age should never be given OTC medications. D) Drug therapy for neonates, infants, and children is prescribed based upon age.

A) Drug therapy in children requires special considerations because of the child's size, developmental level, and organ function.

An older adult client has an elevated serum creatinine level. This client is at greatest risk for which medication-related effect? A) Impaired excretion B) Increased absorption C) Delayed gastric emptying D) Idiosyncratic effects

A) Impaired excretion

A nurse is reading an article about the fight or flight response that includes a discussion of a neurotransmitter. Which neurotransmitter most likely would be addressed? A) Norepinephrine B) GABA C) Serotonin D) Dopamine

A) Norepinephrine

Which of the client's medications should the nurse expect to be absorbed most slowly? A) Oral acetaminophen, given for a fever B) Intramuscular meperidine, given for pain C) A subcutaneous anticoagulant D) An intravenous antibiotic

A) Oral acetaminophen, given for a fever

A patient is experiencing a heart rate of 42 beats per minute. Which system contributes to bradycardia? A) Parasympathetic nervous system B) Pulmonary system C) Autonomic nervous system D) Peripheral vascular system

A) Parasympathetic nervous system

Before a pregnant client is given any medication, consideration must be given to its effects on the fetus. The main concern is for medications that potentially have which effects? A) Teratogenic B) Metabolic C) Poor excretion D) Poor circulation

A) Teratogenic

Which statement regarding infant pharmacokinetics is most accurate? A) The immature liver of infants makes drug metabolism less efficient. B) The blood-brain barrier is impermeable to drugs until 6 months of age. C) Infants have a lower percentage of body water than older children and adults. D) Decreased skin permeability makes topical medications less effective in young children.

A) The immature liver of infants makes drug metabolism less efficient.

A client is being assessed by the home care nurse for the appropriate use of a metered-dose inhaler. Instructions concerning which intervention will assist a client in the proper use of the device? A) Using a spacer B) Administrating corticosteroid first C) Pushing fluids D) Exhaling immediately after administration

A) Using a spacer

The nurse is teaching a community group about prevention measures to protect against the common cold. Which preventive measure is most important to teach? A) frequent handwashing B) staying current with vaccinations C) limiting time in crowded, public spaces D) maintaining adequate nutrition

A) frequent handwashing

The nurse is providing education to the parents of a child who has been newly diagnosed with asthma. During teaching, the nurse should explain that asthma attacks occur when mast cells release substances that cause what reaction? A) inflammation. B) smooth muscle dilation. C) decreased capillary permeability. D) Decreased fluid leakage.

A) inflammation

The nurse has finished teaching a 15-year-old client how to use an inhaler to treat asthma. What statement by the client suggests an understanding of the teaching? A) "I should take a deep breath, hold it while I administer the medication, and then exhale." B) "I need to shake the inhaler well before taking the medication." C) "I need to take three short, quick breaths to inhale the medication." D) "I need to wait at least 30 minutes after the first inhalation before taking a second."

B) "I need to shake the inhaler well before taking the medication."

A client is admitted after overdose with acetaminophen. What medication would the nurse expect to be administered? A) Oxymetazoline hydrochloride B) Acetylcysteine C) Daptomycin D) Darbepoetin alfa

B) Acetylcysteine

The parents of a 7-year-old client who has been diagnosed with allergic asthma are being taught about their son's medication regimen. The nurse is teaching about the appropriate use of a "rescue drug" for acute exacerbations. What drug should the nurse suggests the parents to use in these situations? A) Theophylline B) Albuterol C) Beclomethasone D) Acetylcysteine

B) Albuterol

An older adult client has been prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. When administering the drug, what action should the nurse perform to reduce the client's risk for developing oral candidiasis? A) Administer prophylactic antifungal medications. B) Have the resident rinse his or her mouth after each dose of the drug. C) Encourage the resident not to deeply inhale the medication. D) Have the client gargle with normal saline prior to administering the drug.

B) Have the resident rinse his or her mouth after each dose of the drug.

What is the resulting physiologic effect when the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated? A) Decreased GI secretions B) Increased GI motility C) Increased heart rate D) Pupil dilation

B) Increased GI motility

The route medication must be given to achieve 100% bioavailability is given: A) Intramuscular (IM) B) Intravenous (IV) C) By mouth (PO) D) Subcutaneous (Sub-Q)

B) Intravenous (IV)

An 82-year-old is suffering from acute anxiety and is prescribed alprazolam (Xanax) by the health care provider. What steps can the provider take to ensure that the client will be at a decreased risk for injury? A) Total daily dose should exceed the suggested maximum dose. B) Prescribe a smaller dose. C) Substitute the Xanax with a different benzodiazepine. D) This drug has a short half-life and should be prescribed more frequently.

B) Prescribe a smaller dose.

A patient is advised to take a decongestant drug to relieve nasal congestion associated with hay fever. The patient is not comfortable with a nasal spray or drops and prefers an oral tablet. Which oral decongestant drugs can be administered to the patient? A) Xylometazoline B) Pseudoephedrine C) Ephedrine D) Tetrahydrozoline

B) Pseudoephedrine

A client prescribed a drug that has an exceptionally narrow margin of safety should be educated about the need for what intervention? A) Half-life analysis B) Serum drug level monitoring C) Regular changes to the administration route D) Frequent administration of scheduled "drug holidays"

B) Serum drug level monitoring

The nurse is caring for a 38-year-old client who is beginning treatment with albuterol. Which should the nurse identify as a potential adverse effect of the drug? A) Polydipsia B) Tachycardia C) Hypotension D) Diarrhea

B) Tachycardia

The nurse knows that the provider has ordered a creatinine clearance test for a 77-year-old client because this test reveals what information? A) The best medication for the client's illness B) The ability of the kidney to excrete medications C) The maximum amount of medication that the body can handle D) The best route for administration of the medication

B) The ability of the kidney to excrete medications

Which phrase accurately describes the concept of a medication's serum half-life? A) The time required for IV medications to penetrate the brain tissue B) The time needed for the serum level to fall by 50% C) The safest margin to prevent toxicity D) The dose adjustment that reduces the risk of adverse effects by one half

B) The time needed for the serum level to fall by 50%

A parent brings a child to the clinic for an earache. The child receives a prescription for amoxicillin. The parent calls the clinic the next day and says the child has been taking the medicine and now has a rash. The nurse should give the parent instructions about which type of response? A) idiosyncratic response B) allergic response C) expected response D) hepatotoxic response

B) allergic response

What plays the largest role in drug excretion? A) skin B) kidneys C) feces D) lungs

B) kidneys

A nurse notes new drug orders for a client who is already getting several medications. Which is the most important consideration when preparing to administer the new drugs? A) how the client will feel about new medications added to the drug therapy B) possible drug-drug interactions that might occur C) any special nursing considerations that the nurse must be aware of D) if generic preparations of the drugs can be used

B) possible drug-drug interactions that might occur

A nurse is teaching an older adult about polypharmacy. Which statement best describe this term? A) taking more than one drug when the client deems it necessary B) taking several drugs simultaneously C) increasing the dosage of a drug by the client D) taking one drug one day and another drug the next day

B) taking several drugs simultaneously

The nurse is caring for a diverse group of clients. In which client should the nurse assess for an alteration in drug metabolism? A) 35-year-old woman with cervical cancer B) 41-year-old man with kidney stones C) 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver D) 32-year-old woman with urosepsis

C) 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver

What would the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a patient who is social drinker and has been given a prescription for a narcotic analgesic? A) It is safe to drink alcohol when taking this medication. It will have no damaging effects. B) When taking your medication, if you eat something with it, you can have a drink later. C) Alcohol will potentiate the effect of the narcotic analgesic and can have a dangerous effect. D) Alcohol causes an antagonistic drug interaction and will render the narcotic analgesic less potent.

C) Alcohol will potentiate the effect of the narcotic analgesic and can have a dangerous effect.

Which safety measure is important for nurses to teach clients taking enteric-coated drugs? A) Always take alone with no food B) Administer eye medications at the same time C) Avoid crushing and chewing medications D) Always take the client's blood pressure before taking

C) Avoid crushing and chewing medications

The nurse is caring for a client in the intensive care unit. This client took an overdose of acetaminophen 3 days previously and now has jaundice. Laboratory results show elevated liver enzymes. The nurse recognizes that the client may be experiencing what condition related to the overdose? A) Ototoxicity B) Neurotoxicity C) Hepatotoxicity D) A hypersensitivity reaction

C) Hepatotoxicity

A nurse who is working with an older adult who takes eight medications a day wants to promote medication adherence. Which nursing intervention would best promote medication adherence? A) Reinforce the need for medication adherence B) Refill prescription medication when the last dose is taken. C) Place pills in a daily or weekly pillbox organized according to hours of the day or mealtimes. D) Ask for regular caps for all medication bottles to facilitate ease of access.

C) Place pills in a daily or weekly pillbox organized according to hours of the day or mealtimes.

he client with asthma has been ordered an inhaler and the nurse is teaching how to prevent Candida infections. Which would the nurse include in the instructions? A) Clean spacer with alcohol twice a day. B) Do not use a spacer because it promotes infections. C) Rinse mouth with water after each use. D) Brush teeth thoroughly after each puff.

C) Rinse mouth with water after each use.

A graduate of a nursing program is scheduled to take the NCLEX today. The test-taker's heart is racing and pupils are dilated. What can the test-taker attribute to this reaction? A) Autonomic nervous system B) Cardiovascular irregularity C) Sympathetic nervous system D) The release of dopamine

C) Sympathetic nervous system

What statement best explains the central and peripheral nervous system? A) Structures of the central nervous system include the brain, neurons, and ganglia. B) The central nervous system (CNS) can be broken down into the somatic and autonomic pathways. C) The two main divisions that control the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system. D) Structures of the peripheral nervous system include the hypothalamus, brain stem, and spinal column.

C) The two main divisions that control the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system.

A nurse is caring for a patient who is having a sympathetic response. A sympathetic response involves: A) a decrease in sweating, decrease in respirations, and pupil constriction. B) a decrease in heart rate, decrease in blood flow to skeletal muscles, and increase in inflammatory reactions. C) an increase in blood pressure, bronchi dilation, and decreased bowel sounds D) increased motility, secretions in the GI tract, and constriction of bronchi and pupils

C) an increase in blood pressure, bronchi dilation, and decreased bowel sounds

When administering a drug, the nurse understands that a drug administered by which route would be absorbed most rapidly? A) oral B) intramuscular C) intravenous D) subcutaneous

C) intravenous

The nurse is educating a pregnant client about the importance of taking medication only as prescribed by a health care provider while breast feeding. What statement made by the client indicates the education provided has been effective? A) "I can become addicted to some of the medications if the provider has not prescribed them." B) "I may not metabolize the medication adequately, and the baby would not receive the correct dose." C) "Pregnant women do not understand the importance of not taking any over-the-counter medications." D) "Many drugs can be passed through the breast milk, causing ill effects to the infant."

D) "Many drugs can be passed through the breast milk, causing ill effects to the infant."

A client with asthma has been prescribed an albuterol inhaler. What recommendation should the nurse include in client teaching? A) "Immediately stop using the inhaler if you experience hand shaking." B) "Take ibuprofen to decrease inflammation associated with the condition." C) "Limit exercise to one session per week." D) "Stop smoking to reduce bronchoconstriction."

D) "Stop smoking to reduce bronchoconstriction."

The nurse is teaching a 61-year-old client about the narcotic antitussive syrup that the health care provider has prescribed. Which client statement suggests understanding of what the nurse has taught? A) "I should take this medicine followed by a glass of water." B) "If this medicine works, I shouldn't cough at all." C) "If my cough doesn't improve right away, I'll increase my dose." D) "This medication might cause drowsiness, so I will avoid driving while I use it."

D) "This medication might cause drowsiness, so I will avoid driving while I use it."

Mr. Ashum is prescribed an albuterol inhaler as part of his treatment regimen for asthma. What is the mechanism of action for this medication? A) Albuterol causes stimulation of the bronchial tissue. B) Albuterol blocks the stimulation of the beta-2 receptors. C) Albuterol decreases vital capacity. D) Albuterol causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles.

D) Albuterol causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles.

The nursing instructor is explaining the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in influencing body functions. Which change in a patient's body functions would be directly related to the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system? A) Increased heart rate B) Poor motility of the gastrointestinal tract C) Pupil dilation D) Decreased heart rate

D) Decreased heart rate

A client with allergic rhinitis is prescribed an antihistamine. The nurse instructs the client to suck on sugarless hard candy to address which potential adverse reaction? A) Drowsiness and sedation B) Thickening of the bronchial secretions C) Altered sensation of taste D) Dryness of the oral mucosa and the throat

D) Dryness of the oral mucosa and the throat

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed a nasal spray. What information is most important to include in this discussion? A) Finish the bottle of nasal spray to clear the infection effectively. B) Nasal spray can be shared between family members. C) Administer the nasal spray in a prone position. D) Overuse of nasal spray may cause rebound congestion.

D) Overuse of nasal spray may cause rebound congestion.

A client is being seen in the emergency department for a sprained ankle and is given a drug to relieve pain. When a second dose of the pain medication is given, the client develops redness of the skin, itching, and swelling at the site of injection of the drug. The most likely cause of this response is: A) a hepatotoxic response. B) an idiosyncratic response. C) a paradoxical response. D) an allergic response.

D) an allergic response.

A client is recovering from surgery and has finished their evening meal. Which nervous system is stimulated? A) peripheral nervous system B) gastric system C) sympathetic nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system

D) parasympathetic nervous system

A nurse is preparing to give a client's scheduled medication and is reviewing the rights of medication administration. What will be included in these rights? Select all that apply. - right drug - right route - right client - right time - right setting

right drug, right route, right client, right time