Pharm: Quiz 12; Disinfectants/Antiseptics

What types of organisms are quaternary ammonium compounds effective against? a. Gram-positive bacteria b. Gram-negative bacteria c. Non-enveloped ("naked") viruses d. Enveloped viruses e. Both A and D

(a. Gram-positive bacteria; d. Enveloped viruses) e. Both A and D

A chemical is used to clean the surface of an examination table. The previous patient was a dog that has experienced chronic bouts of interdigital dermatitis. After examination, the veterinarian diagnosed Staphylococcal pyoderma with secondary infection by the fungus Malassezia. What type of disinfectant should you use to clean this table after the examination?

A bacteriocide and a fungicide

Why do hand sanitizers include alcohol?

Alcohol has a quick kill time.

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol as a disinfectant?

Alcohol's mode of action involves dissolving pathogen membranes and inactivating proteins

What can make disinfectants less effective? a. Hard water b. Improper dilution c. Inappropriate selection based on organism d. All of these

All of these

Chlorhexidine is a commonly used antiseptic used in veterinary medicine. All except one of the following are true regarding chlorhexidine. Which is incorrect?

Chlorhexidine is effective against both enveloped and naked viruses

What is not important to consider when choosing disinfectants?

Color

As a technician is cleaning the runs to the clinic's dog room, she runs out of 10% bleach. In an effort to complete her cleaning, she grabs a bottle of color-safe bleach from the laundry room and decides to dilute it to 10% with tap water to make a working solution of bleach. What is a concern with this procedure?

Color safe bleach is different than regular bleach, and has less disinfection capabilities

What is alcohol's main mechanism of action against pathogens?

Dissolves lipids

What is the definition of "Disinfection?"

General destruction of pathogens

Which common disinfectant should be chosen to clean a piece of medical-grade plastic tubing that has a slimy film on its inside surface?

Glutaraldehyde

Which is less inactivated by organic material?

Phenols

What occurs when populations of microorganisms are exposed to low concentrations of antimicrobial chemicals?

Selective pressure is applied that creates resistance

Why are pseudomonas species highly resistant to disinfection?

They exude a glycocalyx

Why should a chlorine-disinfected cat cage be thoroughly rinsed before returning the cat?

To decrease the risk of skin irritation

Instead of free-iodine compounds, iodophors ______________________________.

are less irritating and have a longer duration of action

A farmer is struggling with infectious interdigital dermatitis in his dairy herd. After consulting with his veterinarian, he has decided to invest in a foot bath system. Since he knows a bit about the antimicrobial capabilities of isopropyl alcohol, he would like to use this (in diluted form) as his foot bath chemical. Why would you advise against this? a. Alcohols are volatile and flammable b. Isopropyl alcohol is not effective against all microbes c. Isopropyl alcohol would be inactivated by the organic materials in the foot bath d. All of the above are reasons not to use this compound

d. All of the above are reasons not to use this compound

A surfactant is a chemical that a. breaks the surface tension of water. b. allows easier interaction between organic material and chemicals. c. when combined with an iodophor are often referred to as surgical scrubs. d. All of the above are true

d. All of the above are true

When using chemicals to kill microbes on surfaces, _________________ are for use on inanimate objects and _______________ are considered safe to use on living tissues.

disinfectants, antiseptics

Phenols are most effective against

gram-positive bacteria.

All of the following should be considered when choosing an ideal disinfectant except

how pleasant the chemical smells.

Applying alcohol to open wounds is not recommended because

it causes pain and may also facilitate the survival of pathogens.

Common sites for nosocomial infections include all except

pastures

Non enveloped viruses common in veterinary hospitals include all but

rabies virus.

Iodine is effective in disinfecting/sanitizing all of the following except

spattered bloody feces from a dog with parvovirus.