Pharma Basics
elimination at a rate that is proportional to the serum concentration of the drug
first order kinetics
refers to the amount of TIME REQUIRED for the amount of the drug in the body to decrease to half of its value after the administration of the drug has been stopped
half life
Adverse effect that is infrequently observed in most patients
idiosyncratic reactions
permeation that is governed by the FICK'S LAW
lipid diffusion / passive diffusion
defined as the single amount of drug that is needed to achieve a desired plasma concentration quickly
loading dose
amount of drug that must be given over time in order to maintain desired plasma concentration
maintenance dose
induction of changes in the GENETIC material of animals of any age
mutagenesis
substance that depresses the graded-dose response curve
non-competitive antagonist
substance that does not roduce the same maximum effect and is exhibited by a decrease in the eMax
partial agonist
the action of the Drug on the body
pharmacodynamics
the action of the body on the drug
pharmacokinetics
use of CYP 450 system - oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis
phase I metabolism
addition of a polar moiety (sulfate acetate or glucoronate)
phase II metabolism
responsiveness diminishes rapidly after drug administration
tachyphylaxis
induction of DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS in the fetus
teratogenesis
used as a measure of drugs safety
therapeutic index
refers to the dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration or dose and minimum toxic concentration or dose
therapeutic window
responsiveness decreases as a consequence of continued drug administration
tolerance
refers to the apparent volume into which the drug is able to distribute
volume of distribution
elimination of a drug at a constant rate
zero order kinetics
dose at hich 50% of the individuals exhibit the specified quantal effect
ED50 / median effective dose
measures the dose or concentration required to bring about 50% of the drug's maximal effect
Potency / EC50
dose at which 50% of the animals manifest a particular toxic effect
TD50 / median toxic dose
formula for therapeutic index
TD50/ED50
transfer o drug from site of administration to bloodstream
absorption
Refers to the amount of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation
bioavailability
used to determine the safety and efficacy of generic drugs
bioequivalence
induction of MALIGNANT characteristics in cells
carcinogenesis
permeation that is saturable and inhabitable
carrier mediated transport
an antagonist that interacts directly with the agonist and not at all or only incidentally with the receptor
chemical antagonist
describes the rate at which a specific drug is cleared from the system
clearance
substance the shifts the graded dose-response curve to the right
competitie antagonist
