Pharma is Fun Questions

1.The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking a first-generation antihistamine. What is the most important information for the nurse to teach the patient? (USLO 1, 2, 3) A. "Do not drive after taking this medication." B. "Make sure you drink a lot of liquids while on this medication." C. "Take this medication on an empty stomach." D. "Do not take this medication for more than 2 days."

1. A

1.A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been ordered4 units of lispro at 7:00 AM. What nursing intervention will the nurse perform after administering this medication? (USLO 1, 3) A. Performa a fingerstick blood sugar test B. Have the patient void and dipstick the urine C. Make sure the patient eats breakfast immediately d. Flush the IV with normal saline

1. C

1. The nurse plans to draw blood samples for peak and trough levels of gentamicin sulfate in a client receiving IV doses of this medication. When should the nurse plan to obtain the peak level? (USLO 1, 2) a. When the BUN and creatinine are within normal values b. Immediately before giving the next dose c. When the next electrolyte levels are drawn d. After the third dose is administered

1. D

The client diagnosed with high blood pressure is prescribed lisinopril. Which statements by the client indicate to the nurse the discharge teaching has been effective ? Select all that apply. 1."I should get up slowly when I am getting out of my bed." 2."I should check and record my blood pressure once a day." 3."If I get leg cramps, I should increase my potassium supplements." 4."If I forget to take my medication, I will take two doses the next day." 5."I can eat anything I want as long as I take my medication every day."

1."I should get up slowly when I am getting out of my bed." 2."I should check and record my blood pressure once a day."

Which information should the nurse teach the client who is prescribed a Fluticasone and Salmeterol inhaler? 1.Advise the client to gargle after each administration. 2.Instruct the client to use the inhaler on a PRN basis. 3.Encourage the client not to use a spacer when using the inhaler. 4.Teach the client to check his or her forced expiratory volume daily.

1.Advise the client to gargle after each administration.

The nurse is preparing to administer spironolactone. Which priority intervention should the nurse implement? 1.Check the client's potassium level. 2.Monitor the client's urinary output. 3.Encourage consumption of potassium-rich foods. 4.Give the medication with food.

1.Check the client's potassium level. (HyperKalemia)

Which diuretic will most likely be the initial drug of choice when a client demonstrates dyspnea related to pulmonary edema? 1.Furosemide (2nd Strongest) 2.Hydrochlorothiazide(3rd) 3.Spironolactone (4th) 4.Mannitol (1st Stongest)

1.Furosemide

Clients taking isoniazid (INH) can experience a variety of adverse reactions but should be monitored carefully for which of the following that indicate toxicity? Select all that apply. 1.Peripheral neuropathy 2.Visual changes 3.Nausea 4.Vomiting 5.Jaundice

1.Peripheral neuropathy 2.Visual changes 5.Jaundice

The client diagnosed with severe peripheral edema is receiving furosemide. Which data indicates the medication is effective? 1.The client's 8-hour intake is 1,800 mL and the output is 2,300 mL. 2.The client's blood pressure went from 144/88 to 154/96. 3.The client has had a weight loss of 1.3 kg in 7 days. 4.The client reports occasional light-headedness and dizziness.

1.The client's 8-hour intake is 1,800 mL and the output is 2,300 mL. (Negative fluid balance)

The HCP prescribed a beta blocker for the client diagnosed with arterial HTN. Which statement is the scientific rationale for administering this medication? 1.This medication decreases the sympathetic stimulation to the heart, thereby decreasing the client's heart rate and blood pressure. 2.This medication prevents the calcium from entering the cell, which helps decrease the client's blood pressure. 3.This medication prevents the release of aldosterone, which decreases absorption of sodium and water, which, in turn, decreases blood pressure. 4.This medication will cause an increased excretion of water from the vascular system, which will decrease the blood pressure.

1.This medication decreases the sympathetic stimulation to the heart, thereby decreasing the client's heart rate and blood pressure.

A client has a cold and is taking two different over-the-counter combination medications, stating, "I can't afford to miss work because I'm sick." In addition to teaching the client about the danger of this practice, the nurse should: 1.assess the client for indications of dextromethorphan overdose. 2.assess the client for signs of bleeding due to aspirin overdose. 3.assess the client's overall level of health. 4.teach the client that OTC medications are not effective against cold symptoms.

1.assess the client for indications of dextromethorphan overdose.

A hospital client's current medication administration record specifies oral administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) every 8 hours. What sign or symptom may have originally prompted the care provider to prescribe this drug? 1.persistent tachycardia 2.orthostatic hypotension 3.visual disturbances 4.persistent fatigue

1.persistent tachycardia

10.When assessing for potential side effects of fludrocortisone or prednisone, what is a priority for the nurse to monitor? (USLO 1, 3) A. Serum sodium levels for potential hyponatremia B. Serum calcium levels for hypercalcemia C. Serum potassium levels for hypokalemia D. Intake and output for potential fluid volume deficit

10. C

2. While instructing a patient about antibiotic therapy, the nurse explains to the patient that bacterial resistance to antibiotics can occur when what happens? (Select all that apply.) (USLO 1, 2, 3, 4) a. Patient stop taking an antibiotic after they feel better. b. Antibiotics are prescribed according to culture and sensitivity reports. c. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat a viral infection. d. Antibiotics are shared with family members. e. Antibiotics are taken with ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

2. A, C, D

2.The nurse is caring for a patient in the clinic who states that he is afraid of taking antihistamines because he is a truck driver. What is the best information for the nurse to give this patient? (USLO 1, 2, 3) A. "Take the medication only when you are not driving." B. "Take a lower dose than normal when you have to drive." C. "You are correct; you should not take antihistamines." D. "You may be able to safely take a second-generation antihistamine."

2. D

2.The patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been ordered glargine insulin. What information is essential for the nurse to teach this patient? (USLO 1, 2, 3) A. "This medication should be mixed with the regular insulin each morning." B. "This medication is very short-acting. You must be sure you eat after injecting it." C. "This medication is very expensive, but you will be receiving it only a short time." D. "This medication has a duration of action of 24 hours."

2. D

The male client is prescribed prazosin (Minipress) for hypertension. He asks the nurse how the medication works. What is the nurse's best response? 1."It increases the supply of oxygen to your heart." 2."It works by making your blood vessels dilate." 3."It works by inhibiting the movement of calcium across the membrane." 4."It promotes the excretion of sodium and water."

2."It works by making your blood vessels dilate." There are 2 principal types of alpha receptors, alpha 1 and alpha 2, and both participate in circulatory control. Alpha 1 receptors are the classic postsynaptic alpha receptors and are found on vascular smooth muscle. They determine both arteriolar resistance and venous capacitance, and thus BP.

The client who has been using oxymetazoline nasal spray for several weeks reports to the nurse that the spray no longer seems to work to clear the nasal passages. Which information should the nurse teach? 1."Increase the amount of sprays used until the desired effect has been reached." 2."This type of medication can cause rebound congestion if used too long." 3."Alternate the oxymetazoline with a saline nasal spray every 2 hours." 4."Place the oxymetazoline nasal spray in a vaporizer at night for the best results."

2."This type of medication can cause rebound congestion if used too long."

An older adult client has been prescribed metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for several years. Which change in the client's laboratory values may demonstrate a need to discontinue the medication? 1.A decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit 2.An increase in serum lactate 3.A decrease in potassium accompanied by an increase in sodium An increase in white blood cells

2.An increase in serum lactate

During a home visit, the nurse assesses a client who is taking hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril for the treatment of hypertension. Which finding would indicate the nurse should inform the health care provider of a possible need to change medication therapy? 1.Blood pressure is 132/80 mm Hg. 2.Client has a persistent cough. 3.Potassium level is 4.1 mEq/L. 4.Client is experiencing nocturia.

2.Client has a persistent cough.

The client diagnosed with TB is administered rifampin. Which information should the nurse discuss with the client? 1.Instruct the client to consume fewer dark green, leafy vegetables. 2.Explain that the client's urine and other body fluids will turn orange. 3.Encourage the client to stop smoking cigarettes while taking this medication. 4.Tell the client to increase fluid intake to 3,000 mL a day.

2.Explain that the client's urine and other body fluids will turn orange.

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed albuterol. What adverse reaction should the nurse discuss during teaching? 1.Dry mouth 2.Tachycardia 3.Hypotension Drowsiness

2.Tachycardia

The client has developed Cushing's syndrome as a result of long-term steroid therapy. Which assessment findings support this condition? 1.The client is short of breath on exertion and has pale mucous membranes. 2.The client has a round face and multiple ecchymotic areas on the arms. 3.The client has pink, frothy sputum and jugular vein distention. 4.The client has petechiae on the trunk and sclerosed veins.

2.The client has a round face and multiple ecchymotic areas on the arms.

The client diagnosed with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. Which assessment data supports the client needs to take more medication? Select all that apply. 1.The client has a 2-kg weight loss. 2.The client reports being too cold. 3.The client has exophthalmos. 4.The client's radial pulse rate is 90 beats per minute (bpm). 5.The client reports being constipated.

2.The client reports being too cold. 5.The client reports being constipated.

3.The patient tells the nurse that she has a cold. The patient is coughing, and rhonchi is heard in her lungs. What medication will help to clear the chest congestion? (USLO 1, 2, 3) A. Dextromethorphan. B. Guaifenesin. C. Fluticasone. D. Oxymetazoline

3. B

3. The patient taking intravenous gentamicin has a decreased creatinine clearance level. What is the nurse's best course of action? (USLO 1, 2, 3, 5) a. Have the patient increase fluid intake. b. Monitor peak and trough levels. c. Hold the medication and notify the HCP. d. Insert a Foley catheter.

3. C

3.The nurse administers NPH insulin at 8 AM. What intervention is essential for the nurse to perform? (USLO 1, 3) A. Assess the patient for hyperglycemia by 10 AM. B. Monitor fingerstick at 2 PM. C. Make sure patient eats lunch. D. Administer the insulin via IV pump.

3. C

A client is prescribed calcitriol. Which instruction would be most important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan? 1."Take the drug with a magnesium antacid." 2."Limit your intake of dairy products." 3."Have your calcium levels checked periodically." 4."Take the drug with food if gastrointestinal issues occur."

3."Have your calcium levels checked periodically."

The client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is prescribed the medication glipizide. Which statement by the client warrants intervention by the nurse? 1."I have to eat my diabetic diet even if I am taking this medication." 2."I will need to check my blood glucose level at least once a day." 3."I usually have one glass of wine with my evening meal." 4."I do not like to walk every day, but I will if it will help my diabetes."

3."I usually have one glass of wine with my evening meal."

The client with asthma asks the nurse, "Why should I use the corticosteroid inhaler instead of prednisone?" Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate ? 1."The lungs are incapable of utilizing prednisone to decrease inflammation." 2."The inhaler costs less than the prednisone, which is why it should be used." 3."The inhaler will not cause the systemic problems that prednisone does." 4."Prednisone is not on your insurance formulary and the inhaler is."

3."The inhaler will not cause the systemic problems that prednisone does."

A 42-year-old male client is prescribed glargine insulin for management of his type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse caring for the client develops a teaching plan regarding glargine insulin therapy. Which statement made by the client indicates that the client needs additional teaching? 1."The insulin is given only once per day, at night." 2."I must give this insulin alone and not mix with other insulins." 3."The medication will peak in 3 hours." 4."I should not administer the insulin if it is cloudy."

3."The medication will peak in 3 hours."

A hospital client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is prescribed Humulin R on a sliding scale. Based on the client's blood glucose reading, the nurse administered 8 units of insulin at 07:45. The nurse should consequently check the client's blood glucose level at what time to monitor peak effectiveness of the medication? 1.08:15 2.Between 08:45 and 09:45 3.Between 09:45 and 10:45 4.Between 11:15 and 11:45

3.Between 09:45 and 10:45

A client has an important presentation to make in 4 hours, and he needs relief from the congestion of seasonal rhinitis. The client calls the nurse, explains the situation, and tells the nurse that he cannot afford to be drowsy. What medication is most likely to meet this client's needs? 1.Diphenhydramine 2.Dextromethorphan 3.Loratadine 4.Guaifenesin

3.Loratadine

Which laboratory value monitored in a patient receiving fludrocortisone acetate requires immediate action by the nurse? 1.Hemoglobin 14 g/dL 2.Creatinine 1.1 mg/dL 3.Potassium 4.5 mEq/L 4.Sodium 150 mEq/L

4

4. The patient has been ordered azithromycin and asks the nurse why the medication does not have to be taken as often as other antibiotics that have previously been ordered. What is the nurse's best response? (USLO 1, 2, 3) a. "I'll call the pharmacy and ask about the chemical makeup of the drug." b. "This drug has a longer duration of action than some of the other antibiotics." c. "You'll need to ask your health care provider questions like that." d. "This is a much more effective drug than what you received previously."

4. B

4.A patient complains of worsening nasal congestion despite the use of oxymetazoline nasal spray every 2 hours. What is the nurse's most appropriate response? (USLO 1, 2, 3, 4) A. "Oxymetazoline is not an effective nasal decongestant." B. "Overuse of nasal decongestants results in rebound congestion." C. "Oxymetazoline should be administered every hour for severe congestion." D. "You are probably displaying an unexpected reaction to oxymetazoline."

4. B

4.Which statement indicates to the nurse that the patient needs additional teaching on oral hypoglycemic agents? (USLO 1, 2, 3, 4) A. "I will limit my alcohol consumption." B. "I will report symptoms of fatigue and loss of appetite." C. "I will take the medication only when I need it." D. "I will monitor my blood sugar daily."

4. C

The nurse is providing education about over-the-counter (OTC) cold remedies to a client who currently takes several medications for typical cold symptoms. What statement by the client demonstrates an understanding of risk reduction techniques associated with medication overdosing to maximize his or her safety? 1."I'll be sure to take the medications with food when the label suggests I do so." 2."If I still have symptoms in a week, I'll call my primary health care provider." 3."I'm very careful about taking just the medication at the recommended times." 4."Being aware of the active ingredients in my medications is important."

4."Being aware of the active ingredients in my medications is important."

A client who has been taking hydrochlorothiazide arrives at the clinic for his 1-month follow-up appointment. The client tells the nurse that he feels weaker since he began taking the drug. What should the nurse consider as a possible cause of these symptoms? 1.Hypercalcemia 2.Hypocalcemia 3.Hyperkalemia 4.Hypokalemia

4.Hypokalemia

Which statement best describes the pharmacodynamics of insulin? 1.Insulin causes the pancreas to secrete glucose into the bloodstream. 2.Insulin is metabolized by the liver and muscle and excreted in the urine. 3.Insulin is needed to maintain colloidal osmotic pressure in the bloodstream. 4.Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting use of glucose in the body cells.

4.Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting use of glucose in the body cells

What elicits their pharmacological effect by reducing swelling in the nasal passages by vasoconstriction? (Select all that apply.) 1.Loratadine 2.Guaifenesin 3.Dextromethorphan 4.Pseudoephedrine 5.Oxymetazoline

4.Pseudoephedrine 5.Oxymetazoline

A client, hospitalized with heart failure, is receiving digoxin and furosemide intravenously and now has continuous ringing in the ears. What is the appropriate action for the nurse to take at this time? 1.Notify the provider and request a digoxin level to check for toxicity. 2.Note the observation in the medical record and plan to reassess in 2 hours. 3.Ask the client about taking aspirin in addition to other medications. 4.Withhold the furosemide and notify the health care provider (HCP).

4.Withhold the furosemide and notify the health care provider (HCP).

A client is taking spironolactone to control hypertension. The client's serum potassium level is [6 mEq/L (56mmol/L)]. For this client, the nurse's priority should be to assess their 1.neuromuscular function. 2.bowel sounds. 3.respiratory rate. 4.electrocardiogram (ECG) results.

4.electrocardiogram (ECG) results.

5.The patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks, "Why can't I take a sulfonylurea like my friend who has diabetes?" What is the nurse's best response? (1, 2, 3) A. "Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and with your type of diabetes, the beta cells do not contain insulin. This medication will not work for you." B. "You must be mistaken. If your friend has diabetes mellitus, she is taking insulin." C. "Sulfonylurea will lower your blood sugar too much, and you will be hypoglycemic." D. You are unable to store glucose, because you do not have insulin, and sulfonylurea helps with glucose storage."

5. A

5. When planning care for a patient receiving a sulfonamide antibiotic, which is a primary intervention? (USLO 1, 3) a. Encourage liquids that produce acidic urine. b. Encourage a diet that causes an alkaline ash balance in the urine c. Force fluids to at least 2000 mL/day. d. Insert a Foley catheter for accurate input and output measurement.

5. C

5.In discharge teaching, the nurse will emphasize to a patient receiving a beta 2 agonist bronchodilator the importance of reporting which adverse reaction? (USLO 1, 2, 3, 4) A. Hypoglycemia B. Nonproductive cough C. Sedation D. Tachycardia

5. D

6. During the initial nursing assessment history, a client tells the nurse he is taking tetracycline hydrochloride for urethritis. What medication taken concurrently with tetracycline could interfere with its absorption? (USLO 1) a. antacids b. Hydrochlorothiazide c. Acetaminophen d. Phenytoin

6. A

6.The patient is taking a nonselective adrenergic agonist bronchodilator and has a history of coronary artery disease. What is a priority for the nurse? (USLO 1, 3) A. Monitoring patient for potential chest pain B. Monitoring blood pressure every hour C. Assessing daily for hyperkalemia D. Assessing 12-lead ECG each shift

6. A

6.Which patient statement demonstrates understanding of the nurse's teaching for levothyroxine? (USLO 1, 4) A. "I will take this medication first thing in the morning." B. "I will double my dose if I gain more than 1 pound per day." C. "It is best to take the medication with food to prevent gastrointestinal upset." D. "I can expect to see relief of my symptoms within 1 week."

6. A

7. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who received a prescription for an antibiotic that is hepatotoxic. Which information should the nurse include in the instructions? (USLO 1, 2, 3, 5) A. Avoid ingesting any alcohol or acetaminophen. B. Schedule a follow-up visit for a liver biopsy in 1 month. C. Activities that are strenuous should be avoided. D. Notify the healthcare provider of any increase in appetite.

7. A

7.The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking levothyroxine. What assessment finding is a priority for the nurse to address? (USLO 1, 3) A. Heart rate 110 beats per minute B. Increased back pain C. Weight gain of 1 pound in the last week D. Headache

7. A

7.The nurse will include which information regarding the use of montelukast in the patient teaching? (USLO 1, 2. 3) A. "Take the medication as soon as you begin wheezing." B. "It will take about 3 weeks before you notice a therapeutic effect." C. "This medication will prevent the inflammation that causes your asthma attack." D. "Increase fiber and fluid in your diet to prevent the side effect of constipation."

7. C

8. A client is receiving anti-infective drug therapy for a postoperative infection. Which complaint should alert the nurse to the possibility that the client has contracted a superinfection? (USLO 1, 3) A. "My mouth hurts when I drink orange juice." B."I have a headache when I lay down." C. "My ears feel plugged up and it is harder to hear." D. "My stomach feels uneasy when I take the drug."

8. A

8.A patient receiving propylthiouracil asks the nurse how this medication will help relieve symptoms. Which statement is the nurse's best response? (USLO 1, 2, 3) A. "Propylthiouracil inactivates any circulating thyroid hormone, thus decreasing signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism." B. "This medication inhibits the production of new thyroid hormone and gradually returns your metabolism to normal." C. "Propylthiouracil helps the thyroid gland use iodine and synthesize hormones better." D. "This medication stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone, which inhibits the production of hormones by the thyroid gland."

8. B

8.The health care provider orders tiotropium bromide and albuterol inhalers for a patient. What is the nurse's best action? (USLO 1, 2, 3, 5) A. Question the order; two inhalers should not be given at one time. B. Administer the albuterol, wait 5 minutes, administer ipratropium bromide C. Administer each inhaler at 30-minute intervals. D. Administer ipratropium bromide, then albuterol several minutes later.

8. B

9.The nurse is caring for several patients who are taking glucocorticoid therapy with prednisone. Which patient has the highest risk of adverse reactions? (USLO 1, 3) A. The patient with diabetes mellitus B. The patient with rheumatoid arthritis C. The patient with a head injury D. The patient with asthma

9. A

9.What will the nurse teach a patient who is taking isoniazid? (USLO 1, 2, 3) A. "You will need to take vitamin C to potentiate the action of isoniazid." B. "This drug will cure your TB" C. "Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) will prevent numbness and tingling that can occur when taking isoniazid." D. "You should have your sputum evaluated weekly for the presence of TB."

9. C

9. Before administering an anti-infective agent to a client with a urinary tract infection, which nursing intervention is most important? (USLO 1, 3) A.Assess the urine pH for acidity. B.Insert an indwelling catheter. C.Assess for complaints of dysuria. D. Obtain a clean catch urine specimen.

9. D