Pharma2
Which of the following cephalosporins has activity against gram-negative anaerobic pathogens like Bacteroides fragilis? A. Cefoxitin B. Cefepime C. Ceftriaxone D. Cefazolin E. Non of these
A. Cefoxitin
A 24-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and will be managed in the outpatient setting. Which antibiotic is a safe option for this patient to treat her pneumonia? A. Azithromycin B. Doxycycline C. Fidaxomicin D. Gentamicin
A. Azithromycin
Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference in spectrum of activity between erythromycin and azithromycin? A. Azithromycin has better activity against respiratory pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzas and Moraxella catarrhalis but less potent actMty against staphylococci and streptococci. B. Erythromycin has the same activity as azithromycin against gram-positives and gram-negatives. C. Azithromycin has better actMty against staphylococci and streptococci compared to erythromycin. D. Erythromycin has better activity against gram-negatives such as H. influenza.
A. Azithromycin has better activity against respiratory pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzas and Moraxella catarrhalis but less potent actMty against staphylococci and streptococci.
A 25-year-old man presents to the urgent care center with a painless sore on his genitals that started 2 weeks ago. He reports unprotected sex with a new partner about a month ago. A blood test confirms the patient has Treponema pallidum. Which is the drug of choice for the treatment of this patienrs infection as a single dose? A. Benzathine penicillin G B. Ceftriaxone C. Aztreonam D. Vancomycin E. Zovirax
A. Benzathine penicillin G
Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of tetracycline antibiotics? A. Bind the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing binding of tRNA to the mANA-ribosome complex. B. Bind the 30S ribosomal subunit, interfering with assembly of the functional ribosomal apparatus. C. Bind irreversibly to a site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting translocation steps of protein synthesis. D. Bind the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit, inhibiting the formation of the 70S initiation complex. E. Destroying mitochondria
A. Bind the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing binding of tRNA to the mANA-ribosome complex.
A 72-year-old man is admitted to the hospital from a nursing home with severe pneumonia. He was discharged from the hospital 1 week ago after open heart surgery. The patient has no known allergies. Which of the following regimens is most appropriate for empiric coverage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au reus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this patient? A. Vancomycin + cefepime + ciprofloxacin B. Vancomycin + cefazolin + ciprofloxacin C. Telavancin + cefepime + ciprofloxacin D. Daptomycin + cefepime + ciprofloxacin E. Non of these
A. Vancomycin + cefepime + ciprofloxacin
Which of the following antibiotic agents should not be given to children less than 8 years of age due to its deposition in bone and teeth? A. Azithromycin B. Doxycycline C. Linezolid D. Quinupristin/dalfopristin
B. Doxycycline
Aminoglycosides are commonly used for their concentration- dependent bactericidal activity against which group of organisms? A. Gram-positive aerobes B. Gram-negative aerobes C. Gram-positive anaerobes D. Gram-negative anaerobes
B. Gram-negative aerobes
Which of the following adverse effects is often employed as a therapeutic use for erythromycin? A. QTc prolongation B. Increased gastrointestinal motility C. Photosensitivity D. Deposition in bone E. Leukemia
B. Increased gastrointestinal motility
A 23-year-old man presents with acute appendicitis that ruptures shortly after admission. He is taken to the operating room for surgery, and postsurgical cultures reveal Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis, susceptibilities pending. Which of the following provides adequate empiric coverage of these two pathogens? A. Cefepime B. Piperacillin/tazobactam C. Aztreonam D. Cettaroline E. All of these
B. Piperacillin/tazobactam
In which of the following cases would it be appropriate to use telavancin? A. A 29-year-old pregnant woman with ventilator-associated pneumonia B. A 76-year-old man with hospital-acquired pneumonia also receiving amiodarone for atrial fibrillation C. A 36-year-old man with cellulitis and abscess growingMRSA D. A 72-year-old woman with a diabetic foot infection growing MRSA who has moderate renal dysfunction
C. A 36-year-old man with cellulitis and abscess growingMRSA
A 68-year-old man presents from a nursing home with fever, increased urinary frequency and urgency, and mental status changes. He has a penicillin allergy of anaphylaxis. Which of the following b-lactams is the most appropriate choice for gram-negative coverage of this patient's urinary tract infection? A. Cefepime B. Ertapenem C. Aztreonam D. Ceftaroline E. Tetracycline
C. Aztreonam
A 20-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with headache, stiff neck, and fever for 2 days and is diagnosed with meningitis. Which is the best agent for the treatment of meningitis in this patient? A. Cefazolin B. Cefdinir C. Cefotaxime D. Cefuroxime axetil E. All above
C. Cefotaxime
A 45-year-old man presented to the hospital 3 days ago with severe cellulitis and a large abscess on his left leg. Incision and drainage were performed on the abscess, and cultures revealed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Which is the most appropriate treatment option for once-daily outpatient intravenous therapy in this patient? A. Ertapenem B. Ceftaroline C. Daptomycin D. Piperacillinltazobactam
C. Daptomycin
Linezolid would be a good choice for antibiotic treatment in which of the following patient scenarios? A. Bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus B. Urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli C. Pneumonia caused by drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumonjae D. Diabetic foot infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. Anthelmintic
C. Pneumonia caused by drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumonjae
A 77-year-old woman was started on antibiotics for pneumonia treatment. After 3 days of antibiotic therapy, the serum creatinine doubled. Which of the following antibiotics is most likely responsible for this increase in serum creatinine? A. Doxycycline B. Clarithromycin C. Tobramycin D. Linezolid
C. Tobramycin
An 18-year-old woman presents to the urgent care clinic with symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Cultures reveal Enterococcus faecal is that is pan sensitive. Which of the following is an appropriate oral option to treat the urinary tract infection in this patient? A. Csphalexin B. Vancomycin C. Cefdinir D. Amoxicillin E. Doxycycline
D. Amoxicillin
Parents of a 1-month-old baby are told their child has developed ~gray baby syndrome:· Which of the following antibiotics did the baby likely receive? A. Tobramycin B. Linezolid C. Erythromycin D. Chloramphenicol
D. Chloramphenicol
After 5 days of clindamycin treatment for a skin infection, a patient develops diarrhea (1 0 watery stools/day), severe abdominal pain, and fever. Which of the following organisms would you be concerned about as the causative pathogen of diarrhea? A. Escherichia ~ B. Bacteroides~ C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Clostridium E. Diarrhea
D. Clostridium
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with daptomycin? A. Ototoxicity B. Red man syndrome C. OTc prolongation D. Rhabdomyolysis E. paralysis
D. Rhabdomyolysis
Antibiotics inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis are: a) Beta-lactam antibiotics b) Tetracyclines c) Aminoglycosides d) Macrolides
a) Beta-lactam antibiotics
Choose the characteristics of chloramphenicol: a) Broad-spectum. Demonstrates a bactericidal effect. b) Influences the Gram-positive microorganisms. Demonstrates a bactericidal effect. c) Influences the Gram-negative microorganisms. Demonstrates a bactericidal effect. d) Broad-spectum. Demonstrates a bacteristatic effect.
a) Broad-spectum. Demonstrates a bactericidal effect.
Tick the drug belonging to antibiotics-tetracyclines: a) Doxycycline b) Streptomycin c) Clarithromycin d) Amoxacillin
a) Doxycycline
Biosynthetic penicillins are effective against: a) Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, Corynebacterium diphtheria, spirochetes, Clostridium gangrene b) Corynebacterium diphtheria, mycobacteries c) Gram positive cocci, viruses d) Gram negative cocci, Rickettsia, mycotic infections
a) Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, Corynebacterium diphtheria, spirochetes, Clostridium gangrene
- Bacteristatic effect is: a) Inhibition of bacterial cell division b) Inhibition of young bacterial cells growth c) Destroying of bacterial cells d) Formation of bacterial L-form
a) Inhibition of bacterial cell division
Mechanism of penicillins' antibacterial effect is: a) Inhibition of transpeptidation in the bacterial cell wall b) Inhibition of beta-lactamase in the bacterial cell c) Activation of endogenous proteases, that destroy bacterial cell wall d) Activation of endogenous phospholipases, which leads to alteration of cell membrane permeability
a) Inhibition of transpeptidation in the bacterial cell wall
Which of the following drugs is penicillinase resistant: a) Oxacillin b) Amoxacillin c) Bicillin-5 d) Penicillin G
a) Oxacillin
All of the following drugs demonstrate a prolonged effect, EXCEPT: a) Penicillin G b) Procain penicillin c) Bicillin-1 d) Bicillin-5
a) Penicillin G
The statement, that some microorganisms can develop alternative metabolic pathways for rendering reactions inhibited by the drug, is: a) True b) False
a) True
Tick the drug belonging to glycopeptides: a) Vancomycin b) Lincomycin c) Neomycin d) Carbenicillin
a) Vancomycin
Tick the drug belongs to antibiotics-cephalosporins: a) Streptomycin b) Cefaclor c) Phenoxymethilpenicillin d) Erythromycin
b) Cefaclor
Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to anti-microbial agents are the following, EXCEPT: a) Active transport out of a microorganism or/and hydrolysis of an agent via enzymes produced by a microorganism b) Enlarged uptake of the drug by a microorganism c) Modification of a drug's target d) Reduced uptake by a microorganism
b) Enlarged uptake of the drug by a microorganism
Tick the drug belonging to antibiotics-aminoglycosides: a) Erythromycin b) Gentamycin c) Vancomycin d) Polymyxin
b) Gentamycin
Tick the drug belonging to lincozamides: a) Erythromycin b) Lincomycin c) Azithromycin d) Aztreonam
b) Lincomycin
Which of the following groups of antibiotics demonstrates a bacteristatic effect: a) Carbapenems b) Macrolides c) Aminoglycosides d) Cephalosporins
b) Macrolides
Minimal duration of antibacterial treatment usually is: a) Not less than 1 day b) Not less than 5 days c) Not less than 10-14 days d) Not less than 3 weeks
b) Not less than 5 days
Chloramphenicol has the following unwanted effects: a) Nephrotoxicity b) Pancytopenia c) Hepatotoxicity d) Ototoxicity
b) Pancytopenia
Which of the following drugs is a gastric acid resistant: a) Penicillin G b) Penicillin V c) Carbenicillin d) Procain penicillin
b) Penicillin V
Antibiotics altering permeability of cell membranes are: a) Glycopeptides b) Polymyxins c) Tetracyclines d) Cephalosporins
b) Polymyxins
Antibiotic inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis is: a) Erythromycin b) Rifampin c) Chloramphenicol d) Imipinem
b) Rifampin
What does the term "antibiotics" mean: a) Non-organic or synthetic substances that selectively kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms b) Substances produced by some microorganisms and their synthetic analogues that selectively kill or inhibit the growth of another microorganisms c) Substances produced by some microorganisms and their synthetic analogues that inhibit the growth of organism cells d) Synthetic analogues of natural substances that kill protozoa and helminthes
b) Substances produced by some microorganisms and their synthetic analogues that selectively kill or inhibit the growth of another microorganisms
Tick the drug belonging to antibiotics-monobactams: a) Ampicillin b) Bicillin-5 c) Aztreonam d) Imipinem
c) Aztreonam
Which of the following antibiotics contains a beta-lactam ring in their chemical structure : a) Penicillins b) Cephalosporins c) Carbapenems and monobactams d) All groups
c) Carbapenems and monobactams
All of antibiotics are aminoglycosides, EXCEPT: a) Gentamycin b) Streptomycin c) Clindamycin d) Neomycin
c) Clindamycin
All of the following drugs are antibiotics, EXCEPT: a) Streptomycin b) Penicillin c) Co-trimoxazole d) Chloramphenicol
c) Co-trimoxazole
Bactericidal effect is: a) Inhibition of bacterial cell division b) Inhibition of young bacterial cell growth c) Destroying of bacterial cells d) Formation of bacterial L-form
c) Destroying of bacterial cells
Tick the drug belonging to antibiotics-macrolides: a) Neomycin b) Doxycycline c) Erythromycin d) Cefotaxime
c) Erythromycin
All of the following antibiotics inhibit the protein synthesis in bacterial cells, EXCEPT: a) Macrolides b) Aminoglycosides c) Glycopeptides d) Tetracyclines
c) Glycopeptides
Cephalosporines are drugs of choice for treatment of: a) Gram-positive microorganism infections b) Gram-negative microorganism infections c) Gram-negative and gram-positive microorganism infections, if penicillins have no effect d) Only bacteroide infections
c) Gram-negative and gram-positive microorganism infections, if penicillins have no effect
Tick the drug belonging to antibiotics-carbapenems: a) Aztreonam b) Amoxacillin c) Imipinem d) Clarithromycin
c) Imipinem
All of the following antibiotics are macrolides, EXCEPT: a) Erythromycin b) Clarithromycin c) Lincomycin d) Roxythromycin
c) Lincomycin
Aminoglycosides have the following unwanted effects: a) Pancytopenia b) Hepatotoxicity c) Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity d) Irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa
c) Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Which of the following groups of antibiotics demonstrates a bactericidal effect? a) Tetracyclines b) Macrolides c) Penicillins d) All of the above
c) Penicillins
- General principles of anti-infective therapy are: a) Clinical judgment of microbiological factors b) Definitive identification of a bacterial infection and the microorganism's susceptibility c) Optimal route of administration, dose, dosing frequency and duration of treatment d) All of the above
d) All of the above
- Rational anti-microbial combination is used to: a) Provide synergism when microorganisms are not effectively eradicated with a single agent alone b) Provide broad coverage c) Prevent the emergence of resistance d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Pick out the beta-lactamase inhibitor for co-administration with penicillins: a) Clavulanic acid b) Sulbactam c) Tazobactam d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Tetracyclins have following unwanted effects: a) Irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa, phototoxicity b) Hepatotoxicity, anti-anabolic effect c) Dental hypoplasia, bone deformities d) All of the above
d) All of the above
- Carbapenems are effective against: a) Gram-positive microorganisms b) Gram-negative microorganisms c) Only bacteroide infections d) Broad-spectum
d) Broad-spectum
Aminoglycosides are effective against: a) Gram positive microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, spirochetes b) Broad-spectum, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa c) Gram negative microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms d) Broad-spectum, except anaerobic microorganisms and viruses
d) Broad-spectum, except anaerobic microorganisms and viruses
Tick the drug belonging to nitrobenzene derivative: a) Clindamycin b) Streptomycin c) Azithromycin d) Chloramphenicol
d) Chloramphenicol