Pharmacology Ch. 10 Review

Which injection should be given with the needle at a 45-degree angle, skin pinched up?

Intradermal

Which injection should be given with the needle at a 90-degree angle, skin taut?

Intramuscular

Why is the Z-track method used?

It is used for IM injections that can be irritating to the tissue.

List the 3 sites for IM injections

Ventrogluteal, deltoid, and vastus lateralis

Systemic effects are those affecting the body as a ____.

Whole

Give an example of an IV hypertonic solution

Dextrose 5% in 0.9% saline

DPI refers to

Dry-powder inhaler

On a Lo-Dose insulin syringe, each calibration represents ____ unit/s.

1

Give an example of an IV hypotonic solution

1/2 normal saline

The insulin syringe is calibrated in ____, and 1 mL is equal to ____ in an insulin syringe.

100 hundredths of a milliliter, 100 units

What size needle is used for an intravenous injection?

18 gauge

On a standard insulin syringe, each calibration represents ____ unit/s.

2

What size needle is used for an IM injection?

21 gauge, 1 1/2 inch

What size needle is used for a subcutaneous injection?

25 gauge, 5/8 inch

What size needle is used for allergy testing?

27 gauge, 3/8 inch

What precautions should be observed when applying transcutaneous systems?

Checking the old site for irritation

What are the 2 types of IV administration?

Continuous and intermittent IV infusion

List 4 areas to administer medication for local effects.

Skin, mucous membranes, eyes, and ears

Which injection should be given with the needle flat, bevel up, skin taut?

Subcutaneous

The four parental routes with systemic effects include: ____/____. ____, ____, and ____.

Sublingual/buccal, transdermal, inhalation, and injection

What are the two purposes of the tuberculin syringe?

Testing for TB or allergies

The health care practitioner at an emergency care facility knows that activated charcoal is given for drug overdose. What is the benefit of using this substance? a. It reduces the absorption of a poisonous chemical in the small and large intestine. b. It is digested and neutralizes the toxin. c. It tastes good so the client will drink it. d. It is a reversal agent to many toxins.

a. It reduces the absorption of a poisonous chemical in the small and large intestine.

A client is brought in by an ambulance because he has attempted suicide with an overdose of pain pills. Which of the following is an antidote for an opiate? a. Naloxone (Narcan) b. Aspirin c. N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) d. Activated charcoal

a. Naloxone (Narcan)

A father calls the pediatric office stating he was spraying insecticide in the yard yesterday without realizing that his four-year-old son was playing in the yard. He is concerned that his son absorbed or inhaled the spray. What should the father be told? a. Give the child ipecac syrup. b. Call poison control, and if unsure, bring the child to the emergency department. c. Do nothing if the child is not complaining. d. Bring the child to the office.

b. Call poison control, and if unsure, bring the child to the emergency department.

A landscaper presents to his primary care provider's office with a complaint of fertilizer exposure to his skin 15 minutes ago. What is the BEST course of action the health care practitioner can take? a. Send the client directly to the emergency department. b. Copiously irrigate the area for at least 30 minutes, and send the client to the emergency department. c. Direct the client to go home and shower; alert him to the symptoms of exposure and if he observes any the next day, ask him to visit the office again. d. Encourage the client to increase his fluid intake to flush out the toxins.

b. Copiously irrigate the area for at least 30 minutes, and send the client to the emergency department.

The nurse is caring for a client who had an allergic reaction to a bee sting. The nurse is monitoring the client after administering an IV of epinephrine, Benadryl, and cortisone. What type of possible severe reaction is the nurse treating? a. Sluggishness and sleepiness b. Generalized rash c. Anaphylaxis d. Hives

c. Anaphylaxis

A firefighter is being treated for smoke inhalation after putting out a fire in an apartment building. What choice of therapy would benefit this client? a. Give activated charcoal b. Drink plenty of fluids to dilute the toxins. c. Give 100% oxygen. d. Simply observe the client.

c. Give 100% oxygen.

What is the MOST common type of poisoning? a. Absorption b. Injection c. Ingestion d. Inhalation

c. Ingestion

An important aspect of client education is making sure medication and household cleaning products are safely secured away from where children have access. Why are children more likely to try these products? a. Children like to help around the house and might accidentally ingest products while cleaning. b. Chemicals are frequently stored in containers with child-friendly images. c. Many medicines and household chemicals resemble candy or food. d. Children like the idea of tasting medicine.

c. Many medicines and household chemicals resemble candy or food.

A client informs the nurse on duty that he ingested drain cleaner approximately one hour ago. What is the first priority for the nurse? a. Administer activated charcoal. b. Observe for burns around the mouth. c. Support airway, breathing, and circulation. d. Induce vomiting to remove the toxin.

c. Support airway, breathing, and circulation.

A young mother contacts the family health clinic and states her child has ingested the grandmother's heart medication. What should the mother be advised to do? a. Give the child a glass of milk to neutralize the medication. b. Wait for the pediatrician to call you back. c. Wait to see if the child has a reaction and then bring her in. d. Go to the nearest emergency care facility with the pill bottle, and call poison control.

d. Go to the nearest emergency care facility with the pill bottle, and call poison control.

Give an example of an IV isotonic solution

normal saline