Pharmacology Exam 1 Fall 2023 Mtech

The nurse is reviewing a prescription for pseudoephedrine for a client experiencing nasal congestion. Which assessment question(s) should the nurse ask to confirm that the prescription is appropriate? Select all that apply. "Are you being treated for any form of glaucoma?" "Do you have any problems with urination?" "Do you have sun-sensitive skin?" "Do you consider yourself prone to anxiety or restlessness?" "Do you have any history of cardiac arrhythmias?"

"Are you being treated for any form of glaucoma?" "Do you have any problems with urination?" "Do you consider yourself prone to anxiety or restlessness?" "Do you have any history of cardiac arrhythmias?"

A client is in the clinic for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Loratadine (Claritin) is prescribed. Which statement will the nurse include when providing education concerning this drug? "Be sure to take this medication on a full stomach." "Determine if the drug is going to make you drowsy before you drive." "You should take the medication twice a day." "This drug has to be taken every 4 to 6 hours."

"Determine if the drug is going to make you drowsy before you drive."

A client is currently taking pseudoephedrine to help manage the nasal congestion resulting from seasonal allergies. When the client reports being extremely restless and having difficulty getting to sleep at night, what assessment question will the nurse ask to best provide interventions to minimize those effects?

"How much coffee, tea, and soda do you drink daily?"

The nurse is educating an older adult client diagnosed with rhinosinusitis in an outpatient clinic about the prescribed topical oxymetazoline. The client has a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification?

"I can take over-the-counter pseudoephedrine, too."

A client prescribed nasal pseudoephedrine has received medication education. What response by the client suggests the nurse needs to provide follow-up information regarding the medication? "I need to avoid additional pseudoephedrine in over-the-counter medications I have been taking." "I can experience a rebound effect if I use pseudoephedrine too much." "It will take about an hour for me to get any relief after taking pseudoephedrine." "Pseudoephedrine can keep me awake at night."

"It will take about an hour for me to get any relief after taking pseudoephedrine."

A client recently diagnosed with asthma anxiously reports that the symptoms of a recent episode were not relieved despite taking several puffs of the prescribed salmeterol. How should the nurse respond to the client's concern? "Remember that your salmeterol isn't effective when you take it at the time of an asthma attack." "It's important to take salmeterol as soon as you feel the first sensation of an asthma attack." "Unfortunately, Serevent (salmeterol) can take up to 15 minutes to relieve your difficulty breathing." "It's best to take repeated doses of salmeterol every 5 minutes, until your symptoms subside."

"Remember that your salmeterol isn't effective when you take it at the time of an asthma attack."

A client newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) asks the nurse to explain what the newly prescribed medications are for. What would be the most appropriate response by the nurse? "The medications that have been prescribed for you are what the primary health care provider thinks will help your breathing the most." "The medications that have been prescribed for you are to help you breathe with less resistance from your diaphragm." "The medications that have been prescribed for you are designed to work together to reduce your oxygen requirements." "The medications that have been prescribed for you are to help relieve the inflammation and open your airways."

"The medications that have been prescribed for you are to help relieve the inflammation and open your airways."

What statement by a client who is to take an antitussive with codeine indicates the nurse's teaching has been effective?

"This medication can cause drowsiness, so I will not drive after I take it."

When evaluating an asthmatic client's knowledge of self-care, the nurse recognizes that additional instructions are needed when the client makes which of the following statements? -"When I am short of breath, I will increase the use of my fluticasone." -"I will wash my sheets weekly." -"When I can do some, but not all of my usual activities, I am in the yellow zone." -"I need to inhale my medication and hold my breath for 10 seconds."

"When I am short of breath, I will increase the use of my fluticasone." Fluticasone is an inhaled steroid and should not be used during acute asthmatic attacks. Washing linens weekly will decrease the incidence of dust mites. When clients can participate in some, but not all of usual activities, they are in the yellow zone. Once medication is inhaled, the client should hold his or her breath for 10 seconds so that medication can reach deep into the lungs.

A client whose daily commute includes travel on a ferry boat has been prescribed diphenhydramine. During client teaching, the nurse should instruct the client to take the medication at what time?

30 to 60 minutes before the ferry trip

Mr. Ashum is prescribed an albuterol inhaler as part of his treatment regimen for asthma. What is the mechanism of action for this medication? Albuterol causes stimulation of the bronchial tissue. Albuterol blocks the stimulation of the beta-2 receptors. Albuterol decreases vital capacity. Albuterol causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles.

Albuterol causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles. The main result of albuterol binding to beta-2 receptors in the lungs is relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. This relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle relieves bronchospasm, reduces airway resistance, facilitates mucous drainage, and increases vital capacity.

client, scheduled to receive one unit of packed red blood cells, has a history of an allergic reaction to a transfusion in the past. What class of medication will assist in preventing a reaction to the packed red blood cell transfusion?

Antihistamines

A client asks, "What is the difference between antitussive medications and expectorants?" What information should the nurse's response be based upon?

Antitussives suppress coughing while expectorants loosen bronchial secretions.

An adult client has asked the nurse to recommend an OTC cold remedy. Before making a recommendation, the nurse should implement which intervention? Consult with a pharmacist or pharmacy technician. Assess the client's understanding of the epidemiology of the common cold and upper respiratory infections. Assess the client for health problems that may contraindicate the use of a particular remedy. Ensure that the client has tried some of the more common herbal and natural remedies.

Assess the client for health problems that may contraindicate the use of a particular remedy.

A client is prescribed a leukotriene receptor antagonist. The nurse should evaluate the effectiveness of the medication therapy based on the long term management of symptoms associated with which respiratory condition? Asthma Emphysema Chronic bronchitis Pneumonia

Asthma Leukotriene receptor antagonists block or antagonize receptors for the production of leukotrienes D4 and E4, thus blocking many of the signs and symptoms of asthma. This class of medication is not typically associated with the long term management of any of the other options.

A nurse caring for a client in the hospital is being discharged today with a prescription for benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) 200 mg one capsule 3 times daily. What would the nurse tell the client about this prescription during discharge counseling? (Select all that apply.) Benzonatate can cause GI upset and sedation. The client should drink plenty fluids. Benzonatate capsules should be sucked on like a lozenge. Consumption of alcohol is okay while taking benzonatate. Benzonatate can be taken more frequently than prescribed if needed.

Benzonatate can cause GI upset and sedation. The client should drink plenty fluids.

What is the most common first-line therapy for relief of an acute asthma attack? Inhaled steroid Leukotriene modifier Beta2-adrenergic agonist Xanthine

Beta2-adrenergic agonist A client experiencing an acute asthma attack should be administered a beta2-adrenergic agonist. The client can receive an inhaled steroid, but it is not the first-line therapy. Leukotriene modifiers are used for maintenance in asthma, not during acute exacerbation. Xanthines are not the drug of choice in acute asthma attack.

A group of students are reviewing the various drugs that affect inflammation. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which agent as a mast cell stabilizer? Cromolyn Montelukast Calfactant Triamcinolone

Cromolyn Cromolyn is a mast cell stabilizer. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist. Calfactant is a lung surfactant. Triamcinolone is an inhaled steroid.

When describing the benefits of second-generation H1 receptor antagonists to those of first-generation H1 receptor antagonists, the nurse should cite what advantage? Lower cost Decreased sedation Absence of adverse effects Once-weekly dosing

Decreased Sedation

A client with a productive cough asks the nurse why the primary care provider (PCP) did not order something for cough. The nurse's best response would be which?

Depression of the cough may cause pooling of secretions in the lungs.

The health care provider has prescribed medication to prevent posttransfusion reaction in a client with a history of the disorder. Which medication would the nurse anticipate being administered? Epinephrine Furosemide Diphenhydramine Ibuprofen

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

The pharmacology instructor is discussing the adverse effects of diphenhydramine. Which is not one of these effects? Dry mouth Blurred vision Excessive salivation Drowsiness

Excessive salivation

The drug Advair is a combination of different medications. Which drugs are in this inhaler? SATA Fluticasone omalizumab Salmeterol Zafirlukast

Fluticasone Salmeterol

What is Chimeric?

Formed from parts of various animals. Combination of tissues used to make mAB (monoclonal antibodies)

What is the chemical mediator released in immune and inflammatory response to allergic reactions?

Histamine

A client reports nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia. Which medication will be administered for the treatment of nausea and vomiting? Chlorpheniramine Hydroxyzine Loratadine Cetirizine

Hydroxyzine

A client who smokes is receiving theophylline orally. Because of his history of smoking, the nurse expects the health care provider to do what with the theophylline dosing? Monitor closely Increase Decrease Discontinue

Increase Nicotine from smoking interferes with the ability of the body to metabolize theophylline. Due to decreased metabolism, the dosage of theophylline would be increased.

A client with asthma is administered zileuton along with theophylline. The nurse should be especially alert for which of the following? Increased serum zileuton Increased serum theophylline Increased prothrombin time Increased pulse rate

Increased serum theophylline When administering zileuton along with theophylline, the nurse should monitor for increased serum theophylline. Serum zileuton levels and pulse rate are not increased when zileuton is administered along with theophylline. Increased prothrombin time is seen when warfarin, and not theophylline, is given along with zileuton.

The nurse is caring for a pediatric client who has been newly diagnosed with asthma. What environmental modifications should the nurse encourage the parents to make to help the client avoid future attacks? Select all that apply. -Make sure the client begins herbal therapy as soon as possible. -Avoid crowded areas as much as possible. -Keep the client away from any known allergens. -Encourage the client to maximize physical activity. -Keep the client away from areas that are filled with cigarette smoke.

Keep the client away from areas that are filled with cigarette smoke. Avoid crowded areas as much as possible. Keep the client away from any known allergens.

A client with a diagnosis of asthma has been prescribed ipratropium 2 puffs QID. What is the most likely goal of this treatment? Promoting short-term relief of acute asthma symptoms Relieving acute bronchoconstriction Promoting long-term management of asthma symptoms Promoting blood flow in the alveolar capillaries

Promoting long-term management of asthma symptoms The anticholinergic bronchodilators are most useful in the long-term management of asthma and other conditions producing bronchoconstriction. These drugs are not used in the management of acute exacerbations of asthma. They do not promote alveolar blood flow.

The nurse is teaching a group of clients with allergic rhinitis (hay fever) about medication use. What would be the most essential information to give these clients about preventing possible drug interactions?

Read drug labels before taking OTC medications.

What is an adverse reaction commonly experienced by people taking nasal decongestants?

Rebound congestion

A client, experiencing respiratory distress related bronchi constriction, will benefit from what therapeutic action provided by anticholinergic medication therapy? Reduction of the inflammatory response Decrease in the production of leukotrienes D4 and E4 Relaxation of smooth muscle Enhancement of alveolar expansion

Relaxation of smooth muscle Anticholinergics can be used as bronchodilators because of their effect on the vagus nerve, resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle in the bronchi, which leads to bronchodilation. None of the other options describe the bronchial dilation affected of the anticholinergic classification of medications.

What action by the client would indicate to the nurse that the client understands how to use an inhaler? The client inhales as soon as the inhaler enters the mouth. The client holds their breath as long as possible after depressing the canister. The client uses a spacer to administer a powdered medication. The client exhales as soon as the inhaler is depressed.

The client holds their breath as long as possible after depressing the canister.

A client is being assessed by the home care nurse for the appropriate use of a metered-dose inhaler. Instructions concerning which intervention will assist a client in the proper use of the device? Using a spacer Administrating corticosteroid first Pushing fluids Exhaling immediately after administration

Using a spacer The client should be instructed to use a spacer to increase compliance and accuracy of administration. An asthma spacer is an add-on device used to increase the ease of administering aerosolized medication from a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). The corticosteroid should be administered after the bronchodilator. The increase in fluids will not affect the administration of the inhaler. The client should hold the breath for several seconds after administration of the inhaler.

When describing the action of decongestants, a nurse integrates knowledge of this class of drugs, identifying which mechanism? Vasoconstriction of small blood vessels of the nasal membranes Selectively binding to peripheral H1 receptors Non-selectively binding to central and peripheral H1 receptors Anesthetizing stretch receptors in the respiratory passages

Vasoconstriction of small blood vessels of the nasal membranes

A client reports to the nurse, "My head is stuffed up and I can't breathe through my nose." Nasal discharge is noted upon examination. The client is diagnosed with a common cold. The nurse should prepare to provide medication instructions related to what classification of medication directed at the client's nasal mucosa?

decongestant Nasal decongestants relieve nasal congestion and swelling by constricting arterioles and reducing blood flow to nasal mucosa. Antihistamines refer to a type of medication that treats allergy symptoms. The goal of antitussive therapy is to suppress nonpurposeful coughing. Expectorants are agents given orally to liquefy respiratory secretions and allow for their easier removal.

The nurse is teaching a client about potential allergic drug reaction. What factors should the nurse identify as consistent with this type of reaction? Select all that apply. Occurs after a moderate to large dose of the drug Limited to drugs that are based on organic compounds follows a previous exposure to the same or similar drug. ingestion of a drug known to produce allergic reactions. occurs approximately 7 to 10 days after initial exposure to the suspected drug.

follows a previous exposure to the same or similar drug. ingestion of a drug known to produce allergic reactions. occurs approximately 7 to 10 days after initial exposure to the suspected drug.

A client has been prescribed medication therapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed asthma. During teaching, the nurse should alert the client to potential exacerbation of what concurrent medical condition? gastroesophageal reflux disease urinary retention dermatitis cataracts

gastroesophageal reflux disease Explanation: Asthma may aggravate gastroesophageal reflux disease because antiasthma medications that dilate the airways also relax muscle tone in the gastroesophageal sphincter and may increase acid reflux. The relationship between asthma medications and the other options is not supported by research data.

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking a bronchodilator. In what disease process should bronchodilators be used cautiously?

heart failure

The client has a productive cough and the primary care provider will not order an antitussive. What should the client do to enhance the removal of secretions? Select all that apply. increase fluids try to prevent coughing change positions frequently decrease fluids

increase fluids change positions frequently

The nurse should be aware that concomitant use of what drug is contraindicated during tiotropium therapy? ipratropium theophylline budesonide fluticasone

ipratropium A client who is taking ipratropium should not take tiotropium because both drugs are anticholinergics. Theophylline and corticosteroids like budesonide and fluticasone are not necessarily contraindicated.

An elderly client taking cough medicine with codeine reports dizziness when getting out of bed. This most likely can be attributed to which? age of the client orthostatic hypotension hypertension irregular pulse

orthostatic hypotension

A client reports experiencing severe nasal congestion since starting to use an over-the-counter (OTC) nasal decongestant spray a week ago. This symptomology most supports what possible medical condition?

rebound congestion

How does nomenclature of a chimeric work in regards to ri Tuximab?

ri: manufacture Tu: tumor xi: human and mouse tissue mab: monoclonal antibody

A 76-year-old man has a history of heart disease, and has been prescribed an oral decongestant. The nurse is concerned with this prescription because of the risk for which?

serious cardiovascular effects.